Processo de luto de familiares de desaparecidos políticos na ditadura militar brasileira / Mourning process of family members of missing politicians in the Brazilian military dictatorship

A Ditadura Militar do Brasil foi instaurada em 1964 e se prolongou até 1985. É considerada um período de repressão, violação de direitos, torturas, mortes e desaparecimentos, deixando um rastro inacabado. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o processo de luto de familiares que têm seus parentes desaparecidos desde a Ditadura civil-militar. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como um estudo de campo transversal com abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados sete participantes que tiveram seus familiares desaparecidos no período da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram um questionário sociodemográfico e um roteiro de entrevista semidirigida. Entre os resultados obtidos na pesquisa, pode-se observar que o processo do luto carece de um desfecho, visto que a falta da ritualização e a ausência do corpo inviabilizam sua elaboração. Também foi observado que o sofrimento dos familiares é realçado por práticas discursivas recorrentes que negam a existência e as truculências da ditadura civil-militar brasileira.

Brazilian military dictatorship was installed in 1964 and lasted until 1985. It was a period of repression, violation of rights, torture, death, and disappearances, its signals still present. The objective of this research was analyzing the bereavement process of people who lost their relatives in the military-civilian Dictatorship and still are unaware of their whereabouts. This work is characterized as a cross-sectional, qualitative field study. Seven participants whose relatives were made to disappear during the Brazilian military-civilian dictatorship were interviewed. The research instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview script. Among results obtained in the research, it was found that the bereavement process lacks closure, since the lack of ritualization and the absence of the body do not allow for its elaboration. Family suffering was highlighted by frequent discursive practices that deny the truculence of the Brazilian military-civilian dictatorship.

Análise do Luto de Mães de Crianças e Adolescentes Desaparecidos / Analysis of the Grief of Mothers of Missing Children and Adolescents / Análisis del Luto de Madres de Niños y Adolescentes Desaparecidos

O desaparecimento de crianças e adolescentes é uma realidade presente em todo o Brasil. A literatura evidencia que ainda há problemas no processo de busca e localização das vítimas que, somados à incógnita das condições físicas e psíquicas do filho, podem causar nas famílias, e em especial nas mães, uma série de sentimentos angustiantes contribuindo para o surgimento de conflitos e estresse emocional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender o processo de luto de mães que desconhecem a localização e o motivo do desaparecimento do filho. O método do trabalho seguiu uma proposta qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com cinco mães que frequentam as atividades de uma organização não governamental voltada para familiares de pessoas desaparecidas. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do procedimento de análise de conteúdo. Observou-se que as mães, devido às fantasias de não terem cumprido adequadamente seu papel, apresentam sentimentos de culpa. Para lidar com esses sentimentos, utilizam mecanismos de defesa cujo objetivo é evitar fatos e lembranças associados ao desaparecimento. Existem também complicações na reestruturação familiar decorrentes do desaparecimento, que somadas a outros fatores, como o descrédito nas buscas, causam nas mães ambivalência entre o cansaço e a esperança de localizar o filho desaparecido. Devido a esses fatores, as mães possuem uma dificuldade em realizar o teste de realidade que constata a ausência do objeto perdido, prejudicando o processo de elaboração do luto....(AU)

The disappearance of children and adolescents is a present reality in Brazil. The literature shows that there are still problems in the process of seeking and locating victims, in addition to the uncertain physical and psychic conditions of the child, which may cause to the families, especially to mothers, a variety of distressing feelings, contributing to the rise of conflicts and emotional stress. The purpose of this study was to understand the mourning process of those mothers who are unaware of the whereabouts of their children, as well as of their location. This study followed a qualitative method, focused on semi-structured interviews attended by five mothers who are part of a Non-Governmental Organization dedicated to the families of missing people. Data analysis was made through the use of the content analysis procedure. It was noted that mothers, based on fantasies of having failed to fulfill their role adequately, have feelings of guilt. To deal with these feelings, those mothers use mechanisms of defense aimed at avoiding facts and memories associated with the disappearance. Complications on the processes of family restructuring are also brought about by the disappearance, in addition to other factors such as the disbelief in searches, which cause among mothers an ambivalence between tiredness and hope of finding the missing child. Because of these factors, it is difficult for the mothers to perform the reality test which would verify the absence of the subject, to the detriment of the mourning process....(AU)

The disappearance of children and adolescents is a present reality in Brazil. The literature shows that there are still problems in the process of seeking and locating victims, in addition to the uncertain physical and psychic conditions of the child, which may cause to the families, especially to mothers, a variety of distressing feelings, contributing to the rise of conflicts and emotional stress. The purpose of this study was to understand the mourning process of those mothers who are unaware of the whereabouts of their children, as well as of their location. This study followed a qualitative method, focused on semi-structured interviews attended by five mothers who are part of a Non-Governmental Organization dedicated to the families of missing people. Data analysis was made through the use of the content analysis procedure. It was noted that mothers, based on fantasies of having failed to fulfill their role adequately, have feelings of guilt. To deal with these feelings, those mothers use mechanisms of defense aimed at avoiding facts and memories associated with the disappearance. Complications on the processes of family restructuring are also brought about by the disappearance, in addition to other factors such as the disbelief in searches, which cause among mothers an ambivalence between tiredness and hope of finding the missing child. Because of these factors, it is difficult for the mothers to perform the reality test which wouldverify the absence of the subject, to the detriment of the mourning process....(AU)