ABSTRACT
RESUMO: No atual contexto português, é ainda visível a generalizada dificuldade em obter instrumentos de avaliação adaptados à população com Dificuldades Intelectuais e Desenvolvimentais (DID) que avaliem o constructo da autodeterminação. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo a adaptação e a validação da Arc's Self-Determination Scale à população adolescente e adulta portuguesa com DID. Para esse efeito, foram seguidas as recomendações internacionais inerentes a processos dessa natureza, culminando em uma avaliação de 11 peritos para a evidência quantitativa da validade de conteúdo. Todos os itens dessa escala foram considerados como relevantes ou muito relevantes (n=72), tendo-se obtido acordos moderados (k>.40) e excelentes (k>.75) entre os peritos no cálculo do Kappa de Cohen. A amostra foi constituída por 500 indivíduos adolescentes e adultos entre 16 e 70 anos de idade (24.03±9.15), sendo 256 do género feminino e 244 do género masculino com e sem DID. A escala apresentou uma excelente consistência interna (α=.89), com tendência para correlações fracas a moderadas (.01>r<.51). Os procedimentos inerentes à validade de constructo são, igualmente, apresentados e discutidos. Os principais resultados parecem apontar a ideia de que o instrumento em estudo apresenta as características de validade e de fiabilidade necessárias para que possa ser utilizado em nível nacional.
ABSTRACT: In the current Portuguese context, the generalized difficulty in obtaining assessment instruments adapted to the population with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulties (IDD) that evaluate the construct of self-determination is still visible. In this sense, this paper aims to adapt and validate the Arc's Self-Determination Scale to the Portuguese adolescent and adult population with IDD. To this end, it was considered the international guidelines in cross-cultural adaptation process, culminating with an evaluation of 11 experts for the quantitative evidence of the content validity. All items of this scale were considered as relevant or very relevant (n=72) and there was a moderated (k>.40) and an excellent agreement (k>.75) among the experts in the calculation of Cohen's Kappa. The sample comprised 500 adolescents/adults, aged between 16 and 70 years-old (24.03±9.15), 256 females and 244 males with and without IDD. The scale showed an excellent internal consistency (α=.89) and weak to moderate correlations between sections (.01>r<.51). The procedures inherent to the validity of construct are also presented and discussed. The main results seem to point out the idea that the instrument under study presents the characteristics of validity and reliability required so that it can be used at the national level.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el número de campimetrías necesarias para obtener factores confiables en el diagnóstico de glaucoma. Materiales y métodos se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en el Hospital San Francisco de Quito en 58 pacientes, incluyendo 116 pares de ojos, que se realizaron perimetrías blanco sobre blanco por dos o más ocasiones para diagnóstico de glaucoma, iniciando con estrategia CLIP con el perímetro Oculus Centerfeld II, en el período agosto 2012 a abril 2013. Resultados: de 116 campimetrías evaluadas, el mayor número de campimetrías confiables para diagnóstico de glaucoma se obtuvo al realizar por segunda (41,4%) y tercera (29,3%) vez este examen entre los 42-88 años, con una media de 65 años. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la edad y el número de campimetrías confiables. Conclusiones: los factores extrínsecos e intrínsecos (como el aprendizaje) del paciente juegan un rol importante al realizar y valorar la confiabilidad del campo visual para diagnóstico de glaucoma.
Introduction: the objective of this study was to identify the approximate number of campimetries necessary to obtain reliable factors for the diagnosis of glaucoma. Materials and methods: we performed a retrospective observational study at the San Francisco de Quito Hospital with 58 patients including 116 pairs of eyes, which white white perimetry was performed in two or more occasions for glaucoma, starting with CLIP strategy with the perimeter Oculus Centerfeld II, from august 2012 to april 2013. Results: of the 116 campimetries performed for diagnosis of glaucoma, the largest number of reliable campimetries was obtained by performing a second (41, 4%) and third (29, 3%) exam between the ages of 42 - 88 years, with an average age of 65 years. There were no signifcant differences between age and the number of reliable campimetries. Conclusions: extrinsic and intrinsic factors (such as the learning factor) of the patient play an important role when making and assessing the reliability of the visual feld of the diagnosis of glaucoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ophthalmology , Retina , Glaucoma , Eye , Visual Field Tests , Color , Light , NeurologyABSTRACT
The effects of ß-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and capacity have been evaluated, although the effects on longer duration cycling performance are unclear. Nineteen UK category 1 male cyclists completed four 20 km cycling time trials, two before and two after supplementation with either 6.4 gâ¢d-1 ß-alanine (n = 10; BA) or a matched placebo (n = 9; P). Performance time for the 20 km time trial and 1 km split times were recorded. There was no significant effect of ß-alanine supplementation on 20 km time trial performance (BA-pre 1943 ± 129 s; BA-post 1950 ± 147 s; P-pre 1989 ± 106 s; P-post 1986 ± 115 s) or on the performance of each 1 km split. The effect of ß-alanine on 20 km time trial performance was deemed unclear as determined by magnitude based inferences. Supplementation with 6.4 gâ¢d-1 of ß-alanine for 4 weeks did not affect 20 km cycling time trial performance in well trained male cyclists