ABSTRACT
Resumen Frente a un estímulo objetivo, las personas procesan mediante la atención selectiva antes de realizar toma de decisiones. Si ese estímulo sufre algún cambio en su configuración 2D o 3D, ¿en qué casos una persona reacciona más rápido o más lento? La presente investigación evaluó la influencia de los cambios en las características de los estímulos en experimentos de tiempos de reacción en tareas de atención visual en videojuegos creados en Unity 3D. Para estudiar esas características, se realizó una comparación entre dos experimentos de videojuegos. El primer experimento se dividió en dos bloques: uno mostraba estímulos en 2D y otro en 3D. Se recolectó el tiempo de reacción de los participantes frente a esos estímulos y se obtuvo que el tiempo de reacción fue mayor en 3D en 28.33 ms. En el segundo experimento se incrementaron los bloques (de dos a ocho) para explicar las diferencias de los tiempos de reacción obtenidas en el primer experimento sea por el tamaño o el ángulo relativo que otorga una diferente perspectiva geométrica de presentación de los estímulos en 3D, para lo cual se modificaron algunas características de los estímulos del primer experimento. Los resultados después de comparar los distintos escenarios muestran que la modificación de las características tiene una influencia en la atención selectiva, pues los tiempos de reacción del primer experimento varían en comparación a los del segundo experimento dependiendo del cambio realizado (entre 65 y 67 ms de diferencia para 2D y entre 53 y 77 ms para 3D). En la discusión, se analiza el ámbito de los estímulos en 2D y 3D en el neuromarketing o el deporte ante los cambios de tamaño y ángulo de la cámara. En ambos escenarios, el presente trabajo sugiere evaluar para cada caso la modificación en sus presentaciones o herramientas en un consiguiente incremento del tiempo de reacción de los potenciales usuarios o equivalentemente en un nivel bajo de atención.
Abstract When facing a goal-stimulus, people have a certain degree of attention. Therefore, when stimulus has changes in 2D or 3D configuration, in which cases one would react faster or slower? The present research evaluated the influence of the changes in the characteristics of the stimuli in reaction time experiments in visual attention tasks in videogames made in Unity 3D. For this, a comparison was made between two videogame experiments. The first videogame experiment was divided into two blocks that showed stimuli a block in 2D videogame and another in 3D videogame respectively to the participants and collected their reaction times against these stimuli. The second videogame experiment increase the number of blocks (from two to eight) to explain the differences in the reaction times obtained in the first experiment either by the size or the relative angle of 3D presentation of the stimuli, for which some characteristics of the blocks of the first experiment. The results, after comparing the different scenarios, have shown that the modification of the characteristics changed selective attention, because the reaction times of the first experiment vary in comparison to those of the second experiment depending on the change made (between 65 and 67 ms of difference for 2D and between 53 and 77 ms for 3D). On the discussion, one can question the commercial spheres of 2D stimuli in the so-called neuromarketing or sports. In both scenarios, the present work suggests evaluating for each case changes in their presentations or tools in a consequent control the reaction time of potential users, and this translates into a level of attention control.
ABSTRACT
@#ObjectiveTo explore the pattern and the time course changes of semantic and phonological processing during Chinese language cognition study in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsPatients with mild AD and MCI and normal controls matched with age, gender, level of education were enrolled in the single-character words naming task, which applied short and long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Semantic, homophonic, semihomophonic and unrelated primes preceded the words as well as nonwords targets. Subjects were asked to read the targets aloud. Semantic and phonological priming effects were analyzed by comparing reaction time of semantic, homophonic or semihomophonic related targets to unrelated targets. The reaction time and accuracy for each response were recorded.ResultsThe mean reaction time of mild AD and MCI patients were prolonged for all types of priming in contrast with normal controls. Responses of the normal controls were faster during the long SOA comparing to short SOA, whereas the mild AD group's reaction time was longer for long SOA than for short SOA. Normal controls exhibited homophonic priming, whereas mild AD and MCI groups exhibited tonal inhibition effects.ConclusionThe speed of Chinese language cognitive processing decreased in mild AD and MCI patients. The phonological encoding and accessing ability may be impaired in mild AD and MCI.
ABSTRACT
The mechanism of the latent reaction time in task completion in elderly men was investigated by comparing the reaction time (RT), EMG-RT and motor time (MT) in young and elderly men. The motor performance was recorded as task completion through as a WS-RS, simple reaction or a choice reaction for each movement using a handgrip and switch.<BR>In this study, we found that the RT and EMG-RT of elderly men in all movements of WS-RS and choice reaction tasks were significantly longer than those of young men, especially in the choice reaction tasks were striking. Moreover, the MT of elderly men in all tasks was significantly longer than those of young men.<BR>These findings suggest that the latent RT and EMG-RT in a choice reaction task may be due to relayed information processing through as the discrimination and cognition functions in the brain, and that it may be also influenced by the mechanism of the latent reaction time of task completion in elderly men.