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Abstract Background: To identify readers who are struggling or at risk of reading difficulties, reference standards in oral reading fluency (ORF) are used to conduct an assessment that is based on a widely reported method known as curriculum-based measurement (CBM), which itself is based on 1-min fluency measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' ORF (with a 1-min fluency measure) to characterize their fluency and to determine references of appropriate development in reading at the 50th percentile. Method: For this study, a database of readings made available by the Learning Studies Research Laboratory was used. This database consisted of 365 readings by elementary-school students from the third to fifth grades in two cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo from two different public school systems that use the same teaching methodology. The data consisted of digital audio recordings of the passage "The Umbrella" (text suitable for schooling levels) of the Protocol for Assessment of Reading Comprehension procedure. For this procedure, three steps were performed: step 1—listening to the 365 readings and assessing the scores for the number of words read correctly per minute; step 2—the calculation of the mean and percentiles for each grade; and step 3—the adaptation of the reference table to indicate students eligible to receive reading fluency intervention. Results: Third-year students who correctly read 86 or more words per minute, fourth-year students who correctly read 104 or more words per minute, and fifth-year students who correctly read 117 or more words per minute were considered students who had made adequate progress in reading. Conclusion: It was possible to classify students based on the 1-min fluency measures, with reference intervals of words read correctly per minute per school year (for the third, fourth, and fifth years) for those who were making adequate progress in reading and reference intervals for those who were considered readers who were struggling or at risk of reading difficulties.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Reading , Students/statistics & numerical data , Educational Measurement/methods , Brazil , Curriculum , Education, Primary and Secondary , Learning DisabilitiesABSTRACT
Este é um estudo teórico sobre formação de leitores em uma perspectiva analítico-comportamental. Objetiva-se discutir o prazer em ler, concretizado pela prática de leitura continuada e voluntária. São apresentadas diferentes qualidades de interações sociais e relações entre literatura, leitura e formação de leitores. Destacam-se aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e relacionais aí envolvidos, indicativos de que a compreensão ampla da formação social do sujeito leitor é favorecida pela ocorrência de não coerção e reforçamento natural em situação de leitura. Conclui-se que o exercício espontâneo e gratificante do papel de leitor traduz transições entre o literário e o extraliterário, com avanços positivos para o indivíduo e os contextos sociais dos quais participa.
This is a theoretical study regarding readers' training from a behavioral analytical perspective. The objective is to discuss the pleasure of reading, based on the practice of continuous and voluntary reading. The article presents different qualities of social interactions and relationships between literature, reading and readers' training. Additionally, it highlights cognitive, emotional and relational aspects involved in such interactions, indicating that the broad understanding of the social formation of reading competence is favored by non-coercion and natural reinforcement in reading situations. We conclude that by exercising spontaneous and rewarding readings, the reader's role translates transitions between the literary and the extraliterary, with positive advances for the individuals and their social contexts.
Este es un estudio teórico sobre la formación de lectores desde una perspectiva analítica del comportamiento. Su objetivo es discutir el placer de la lectura, materializado por la práctica de la lectura continua y voluntaria. Se presentan diferentes cualidades de las interacciones sociales y las relaciones entre literatura, lectura y formación de lectores. Se destacan los aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y relacionales allí involucrados, lo que indica que la comprensión amplia de la formación social del lector está favorecida por la no coerción y el refuerzo natural en una situación de lectura. Se concluye que el ejercicio espontáneo y gratificante del papel del lector traduce las transiciones entre lo literario y lo extraliterario, con avances positivos para el individuo y los contextos sociales en los que participa.
Subject(s)
Reading , Behavior , LiteratureABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los elementos de la lectura que nos implican más poderosamente en esta actividad y su relación con la salud. Para esto se diseñó y distribuyó una encuesta entre personas que habitualmente leen, pertenecientes a las Comunidades autónomas de Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid y Asturias. En esta, los encuestados tenían que valorar aquellos aspectos que consideraban más importantes para ellos respecto a la lectura: tranquilidad, diversión, información y otros. Recogidas y analizadas 255 respuestas, los resultados pusieron de relieve que por encima de las funciones tradicionales relacionadas con las actividades formativas e informativas, lo que más valoran los encuestados son los aspectos protectores de la lectura, como paliar la soledad, evitar pensamientos negativos y gestionar mejor las emociones(AU)
The aim of this study was to try to identify the elements of reading that involve us most powerfully in this activity, in order to determine how reading habits affect health. To this end, a survey was designed and distributed among people who habitually read, from the Autonomous Communities of Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid, and Asturias. In this, the respondents had to assess those aspects that they considered most important for them regarding reading: tranquility, fun, information, and others. Collected and analyzed 255 responses, the results highlight that, above traditional functions related to training and information, the respondents valued most the healing aspects of reading, such as alleviating loneliness, avoiding negative thoughts and managing emotions better(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Bibliotherapy/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Planning , Spain , Pessimism/psychology , Loneliness/psychologyABSTRACT
A blended readers training model which combines online training (micro-lecture, online class, etc) with traditional training ( face to face teaching plus computer training) was proposed according to the theories in re-lation with blended learning, and scientific strategies for interaction of readers were established, which include the 5 dimensions ( demand, object, content, resource and evaluation) in order to integrate online learning resources and traditional offline training, optimize the allocation of training resources, and improve the training efficiency.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A deficit in phonological processing abilities has been hypothesized as a cause of reading deficits among poor readers, but the precise etiology of this deficit is still unknown. Many studies have investigated the relation of auditory processing and speech perception with phonological processing, while the relation between these are not well understood. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the relation between these abilities among poor readers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 20 children between 7-12 years of age participated in the study. Among these 10 were typically developing children and 10 were poor readers. Auditory processing, speech perception in noise and phonological processing skills were assessed in both the groups. RESULTS: Auditory processing was not significantly different between children in both the groups. In contrast, phonological awareness, verbal short-term memory and rapid automatized naming, which reflect phonological processing, and speech perception in noise were found to be significantly affected in poor readers. In addition, the results showed a significant correlation between phonological processing and speech perception in noise. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found a significant relationship between speech perception in noise and phonological processing, while there was no relationship between auditory processing and phonological processing. This finding suggests that poor speech perception among poor readers may be one of the contributing factors for phonological processing deficits, which in turn leads to reading difficulties.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Memory, Short-Term , Noise , Speech PerceptionABSTRACT
After a description of PDA, a foreign acquisition model of collection development, some measures that should be taken for improving the use of books were put forward according to the concepts of PDA, including estab-lishment of subject acquisition system, rearrangement of library position structure, normalization of reader recom-mendatory acquisition methods, and exploration of innovative PDA model that conforms the condition of China.
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Reference service is one of the key tasks in library.The current situation of reference service in library and its problems were analyzed from the need of readers, and the problems to which attention should be paid were pointed out from its convenience and time-effectiveness .
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BACKGROUND: The rapid development of information and communication technology has replaced traditional books by electronic versions. Most print dermatology journals have been replaced with electronic journals (e-journals), which are readily used by clinicians and medical students. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine whether e-readers are appropriate for reading dermatology journals, to conduct an attitude study of both medical personnel and students, and to find a way of improving e-book use in the field of dermatology. METHODS: All articles in the Korean Journal of Dermatology published from January 2010 to December 2010 were utilized in this study. Dermatology house officers, student trainees in their fourth year of medical school, and interns at Korea University Medical Center participated in the study. After reading the articles with Kindle 2, their impressions and evaluations were recorded using a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that gray-scale e-readers might not be suitable for reading dermatology journals, especially for case reports compared to the original articles. Only three of the thirty-one respondents preferred e-readers to printed papers. The most common suggestions from respondents to encourage usage of e-books in the field of dermatology were the introduction of a color display, followed by the use of a touch screen system, a cheaper price, and ready-to-print capabilities. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study demonstrated that current e-readers might not be suitable for reading dermatology journals. However, they may be utilized in selected situations according to the type and topic of the papers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Academic Medical Centers , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dermatology , Korea , Schools, Medical , Students, Medical , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The readers were divided into non-medical staff, scientific research medical staff, professional medical staff, practicing medical staff, patients and their family members using the user subdivision theory according to the subjects of service, characteristics of service, subject characteristics and information inquiry methods of readers. The service methods were innovated according to the characteristics of different readers and different measures were taken for meeting the demands of different readers,improving the satisfactory degree of readers and the service of library.
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The use of electronic resources and needs of novel services in readers of our library and their suggestions for library website construction were investigated with questionnaires and suggestions were put forward for improving and deepening the information service in hospital library.
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Se evaluó el papel de la respuesta del lector y del uso de ejemplos en la elaboración de procedimientos de un escritor en estudiantes universitarios, en dos sesiones: en la primera 36 escritores describieron una figura y una ruta en un mapa; en la segunda, los escritores fueron distribuidos en tres grupos: DM: 12 escritores modificaron sus descripciones con base en ejemplos de procedimientos similares y en dibujos elaborados por 12 lectores; D: 12 escritores modificaron sus textos con base en dibujos de 12 lectores y SDSM: 12 escritores hicieron modificaciones sin ver dibujos ni ejemplos. Los grupos DM y D hicieron descripciones más precisas. Se discute la relevancia de analizar las interacciones escritoras en función del propósito y la complejidad de la tarea.
The article presents the results of a research project aimed at evaluating the role of reader response and the use of examples in the writing procedures used by university students. Two sessions were held. In the first one, 36 writers described a figure and a route on a map; in the second, the writers were divided into three groups: DM: 12 writers modified their descriptions on the basis of examples of similar procedures and of drawings made by 12 readers; D: 12 writers modified their texts on the basis of the drawings made by 12 readers; and SDSM: 12 writers made changes without having seen either drawings or examples. Groups DM and D produced more precise descriptions. The paper discusses the relevance of analyzing writing interactions with respect to the purpose and complexity of the task.
Avaliou-se o papel da resposta do leitor e do uso de exemplos na elaboração de procedimentos de um escritor em estudantes universitários, em duas sessões: na primeira, 36 escritores descreveram uma figura e uma rota em um mapa; na segunda, os escritores foram distribuídos em três grupos: DM -12 escritores modificaram suas descrições com base em exemplos de procedimentos similares e em desenhos elaborados por 12 leitores; D -12 escritores modificaram seus textos com base em desenhos de 12 leitores, e SDSM -12 escritores fizeram modificações sem ver desenhos nem exemplos. Os grupos DM e D fizeram descrições mais precisas. Discute-se a relevância de analisar as interações escritoras em função do propósito e da complexidade da tarefa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Linguistics , Writing , Feedback, PsychologicalABSTRACT
This article discussed the library services for readers from their needs of TCM ancient literature.We believed the library service should focus on the readers needs to elevate its knowledge service ability,to establish new service mode,and to meet the TCM ancient literature needs of readers greatly.
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Na sociedade contemporânea, mudanças significativas estão ocorrendo no cenário tecnológico e neste livro a atenção está focada aos suportes informacionais que gradativamente estão se estabelecendo no mercado, tratam-se dos e-books (livros eletrônicos), e-readers (leitores eletrônicos portáteis) e tablets. O mercado está repleto de opções de acordo com gostos e necessidades, portanto o intuito é o de motivar o profissional bibliotecário a refletir seu papel e de como a competência informacional influencia neste processo de inclusão destas novas tecnologias de informação no ambiente das bibliotecas e desta forma, se adequar a uma sociedade cada vez mais digital. Sabendo que a tecnologia está cada vez mais presente no ambiente das bibliotecas, torna-se importante refletir sobre o que ela significa no contexto da gestão informacional dos profissionais bibliotecários e como apresentar o paradigma das ferramentas nas bibliotecas, em especial os e-books, e-readers e tablets, e consequentemente a importância de competências para um novo perfil deste profissional como facilitador ao acesso a estes novos recursos informacionais...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Electronic Publications , Information Literacy , Librarians , Information Management , Information TechnologyABSTRACT
Esta investigación cuasi-experimental intragrupo, predominantemente cuantitativa, señaló el grado de influencia del desarrollo de la lectura, a partir del género discursivo de historietas en el nivel de comprensión lectora del alumnado, en la modalidad de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA), en el estado de Sergipe, Nordeste del Brasil. En primer lugar, se registraron actividades más profundas de lectura en el aula de Lengua Portuguesa. Seguidamente, con la aplicación de pruebas estandarizadas intercaladas en una sala de lectura a partir del género en cuestión, se demostró una relación funcional entre las variables, análisis intersujeto, con estadística inferencial y con observancia a la "t" de Student α = 0,05. Por último, se evidenció un incremento significativo de la variable dependiente, análisis intra-sujeto, con observancia a la estadística descriptiva y al análisis cualitativo que se presenta como un "plus" a este estudio.
This quasi-experimental intergroup research, predominantly quantitative, indicated the level of influence of the development of reading as from the speech genre Comics in the level of the student's reading comprehension in the form of Youth and Adult Education (YAE) in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern of Brazil. First, it was indicated further reading activities in Portuguese in class. Then, through the application of standardized tests interspersed in a reading workshop of previously mentioned genre, it was demonstrated a functional relationship between variables, an inter-subject analysisby inferential statistics, in compliance with the "t of Student" α = 0.05. Finally, there was significant increase in the dependent variable, an inter-subject analysis, using descriptive statistics, and the qualitative analysis that presented itself as an extra value to this study.
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Novos suportes de textos geram novas formas de escrever e ler. Ao longo da História, três grandes revoluções textuais foram produzidas pelas invenções do códice, da imprensa e da rede internacional de computadores. Nesse último caso, o suporte textual passou a ser a tela do computador, que, conectada às telas de outros computadores, incorporou várias características da escrita on-line, inclusive sua interatividade. Esse espaço textual interconectado pode ser subdividido em inúmeros outros. Um deles é o dos blogs. Inicialmente dedicados predominantemente ao diarismo, seu uso foi se diversificando e dando lugar a outros tipos de blog (jornalísticos, humorísticos, literários, etc). Para investigar como escritores e leitores estão usando esse novo espaço textual e seus recursos, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com escritores de blogs brasileiros. A análise de seus depoimentos revelou que, ao mesmo tempo em que escrevem seus blogs, todos leem regularmente outros blogs e interagem com os autores destes. como resultado, é formada uma comunidade de escritores/leitores de blogs com grande potencial de integração, contestação e formação de opinião pública....(AU)
New textual supports generate new forms of writing and reading. Historically, three great textual revolutions were launched by the inventions of the codex, the press and the international computer net. In the last case, the textual support became the computer screen, which, connected to the screens of other computers, incorporated several characteristics of on-line writing, including its interactivity. This interconnected textual space can be divided into several others. One of them is that of the blogs. Initially dedicated predominantly to the writing of virtual diaries, the diversification of its use produced other types of blogs (journalistic, humoristic, literary, etc.). In order to investigate how writers and readers are using this new textual space and its tools, open interviews with Brazilian blog writers were carried out. The analysis of their replies revealed that, at the same time that they write their blogs, all of them regularly read other blogs and interact with their writers. As a result, a community of blog writers/readers is formed, which reveals a strong potential for integration, resistance and public opinion making....(AU)
Nuevos soportes de textos generan nuevas formas de escribir y leer. A lo largo de la Historia, tres grandes revoluciones textuales fueron producidas por las invenciones del códice, de la prensa y de la red internacional de computadoras. En ese último caso, el soporte textual pasó a ser la pantalla de la computadora, que, conectada a las pantallas de otras computadoras, incorporó varias características de la escritura en-línea, incluso su interactividad. Ese espacio textual interconectado puede ser subdividido en muchos otros. De ellos es el de los blogs. Inicialmente dedicados predominantemente al diarismo, su uso fue se diversificando y dando lugar a otros tipos de blog (periodísticos, humorísticos, literarios, etc). Para investigar como escritores y lectores están usando ese nuevo espacio textual y sus recursos, fueron realizadas entrevistas abiertas con escritores de blogs brasileños. El análisis de su declaraciones reveló que, al mismo tiempo en el que escriben sus blogs, todos leen regularmente otros blogs e interactúan con los autores de éstos. como resultado, es formada una comunidad de escritores/lectores de blogs con gran potencial de integración, negación y formación de opinión pública....(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blog , Communication , Computers , Psychology , ReadingABSTRACT
Objetivo: La finalidad de la presente investigación fue evaluar de forma interna y externa la revista Enfermería Universitaria de la ENEO-UNAM en el periodo comprendido del 2004-2006, a fin de identificar la calidad científica y editorial de la revista. Metodología: Las variables a identificar son las siguientes; de productividad, de estabilidad y obsolescencia, de calidad editorial, de calidad científica y de infraestructura. Tomando como base cada uno de estos indicadores se realizaron las preguntas de los cuestionarios. El tipo de investigación fue descriptivo, analítico, retrospectivo, longitudinal y de corte cuantitativo. El diseño fue no experimental. Los cuestionarios utilizados fueron de tres tipos: una guía de indicadores de los para los 9 ejemplares de la revista y dos cuestionarios para la evaluación externa, uno de ellos para las y los autores y el otro para las y los lectores. La aplicación de los cuestionarios fue para 50 autores y para 116 lectores. La investigación se realizó en el año 2007. Resultados: En la evaluación externa, el 90.5% de los autores fueron enfermeras en docencia e investigación y de los lectores, el 98% son enfermeras en administración, docencia e investigación. En cuanto a la calidad científica del 70-81% de las y los lectores y autoras/es refirió que la revista es un medio de comunicación primordial para enfermería que aporta información relevante. En relación con la calidad editorial entre el 75-85 % de las y los lectores y autoras/es indicó que los artículos son evaluados por pares, arbitrados localmente de manera anónima. En lo referente al diseño editorial, entre el 50 y el 99%, el diseño informativo es el adecuado pero requiere mejoras. La escala de grises y el tipo de letra es apropiada. Los espacios son suficientes. De la evaluación interna, se publicaron 9 ejemplares 80 artículos en siete secciones principalmente por profesorado y alumnado de la ENEO-UNAM y en una mínima proporción por autoras/ es de otras Universidades e Instituciones de salud del país y del extranjero. Se citaron 613 referencias: 210 de enfermería y 403 de otros profesionales de la salud, el número de citas promedio por artículo por ejemplar fue de 7 con un intervalo de 3.9 a 10.4. El idioma en que se cita fue predominantemente el español, el estilo de elaboración de citas es Vancouver. La revista a su corta edad es un vínculo de comunicación del pensamiento de enfermería en el país, fue publicada cuatrimestralmente y se constituyó en un recurso valioso para el desarrollo del conocimiento de la disciplina de Enfermería en México. Conclusiones: La evaluación realizada arrojó datos positivos. Sin embargo, la revista debe ser mejorada y fortalecida en todas sus debilidades para lograr la calidad científica y editorial.
Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the internal and external evaluation of the college of nursing journal ENEO-UNAM in the period of 2004-2006, to assess the scientific and publishing the magazine. Methodology: The identify the variables are as follow; productivity, stability and obsolescence of editorial quality and infrastructure. Each of these dimensions was measured with their indicators. Based on each of these indicators were the questions related to the questionnaires. The type of research was descriptive, analytical, retrospective, longitudinal and cutting quantity. The design was not experimental. The questionnaires were used in three types: a guide to indicators of the 9 copies of the magazine and two questionnaires for the external evaluation, one of them and to the authors and to the readers. The implementation of the questionnaires was for 50 to authors and 116 to readers. The research was conducted in 2007. Results: In the Internal evaluation, the 90.5% of the perpetrators was nurses in teaching and research. Of the readers 98% in nursing administration, teaching and research. In terms of scientific quality 70-81% of the readers and authors are said that the magazine is a primary means of communication for nursing that brings relevant information. In connection with the editorial quality between 75-85% of the readers and authors indicated that the items are evaluated by peers, locally arbitrated on an anonymous basis. Regarding the editorial design, between 50 and 99%, design information is adequate but needs improvement. The gray scale and the font are appropriate. The spaces are sufficient. Of internal evaluation, 9 copies were published 80 articles in seven sections, mostly by faculty and students from the UNAM-ENEO and a minimum proportion by the authors from other universities and institutions of health of the country and abroad. 613 references were cited: 210 nurses and 403 other health professionals, the average number of citations per article was 7 per copy with a range of 3.9 to 10.4. The language in which it cited was predominantly Spanish, the style of developing are Vancouver. The magazine to his young age he was thinking of the communication link of nurses in the country, was published quarterly. Was founded in those years into a valuable resource for the development of knowledge of the discipline of Nursing in Mexico. Conclusions: The assessment carried out showed positive data. However, the magazine should be improved and strengthened in all its weaknesses to achieve scientific and editorial.