ABSTRACT
Abstract A substance user's readiness to change is fundamental to the success of psychological interventions and treatments. Preserving neuropsychological functions is an integral part of moving towards readiness, yet few studies have evaluated the influence of cognition on a user's motivation to change. Therefore, this paper aimed to verify the possible correlations between a user's cognitive deficits and readiness to change through examining cocaine/crack users. This study analyzed a sample of 113 chronic cocaine/crack users' performances on the WCST and WAIS-III subtests, the URICA, and the Readiness to Change Ruler. The results showed significant correlations between the presence of cognitive deficits and lower levels of motivation to change. Multiple regression analyses revealed the influence of cognitive test performance on the increase of readiness to change among the participants, suggesting a direct relation between the preservation of neuropsychological functions and a stronger willingness to change in cocaine/crack users.
Resumen La prontitud al cambio es un factor clave en el éxito de las intervenciones en los usuarios de drogas. Parte de este proceso está relacionado con la preservación de las funciones neuropsicológicas. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han centrado en la influencia de estos en los procesos motivacionales. Este estudio examinó las asociaciones entre los déficits cognitivos y prontitud para el cambio en 113 usuarios de cocaína/crack, a los que se les aplicó el WCST , sub-tests del WAIS-III, la URICA y la Regla de prontitud para el cambio. Encontramos una correlación significativa entre los déficits cognitivos y menores grados de motivación. Tambien eran encontrados niveles de influencia del rendimiento en tests cognitivos en el aumento de la prontitud al cambio, lo que sugiere una relación directa entre la preservación de las funciones neuropsicológicas y una major prontitud para el cambio en los usuarios de cocaína/crack.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Cognition , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las intervenciones verbales del terapeuta que se asocian con el aumento en la disposición al cambio en consultantes que consumen alcohol excesivamente. Para esto se grabaron dos sesiones en audio de 10 participantes de un programa para la moderación del consumo de alcohol basado en la entrevista motivacional, se transcribieron las intervenciones del consultante y del terapeuta y se categorizaron de acuerdo al MISC 2.0. El estudio analizó 272 tríadas conformadas por la expresión pre del consultante, intervención del terapeuta y expresión post del consultante. Los resultados indican que las intervenciones que se asocian con el aumento en la disposición al cambio son: devolución de la resistencia, reformulación y acuerdo con un giro para la resistencia; enfatizar el control y la elección personal, reformulación, aumento de la discrepancia y escucha reflexiva para la ambivalencia; y pregunta evocadora y resumir para las frases automotivadoras.
The objective of this research was to determine the therapist's verbal interventions that are associated with increased willingness to change in clients who use alcohol excessively. For this audio recorded two sessions of 10 participants of a program for moderate alcohol consumption based on motivational interviewing, interventions were transcribed consultant and therapist and categorized according to the MISC 2.0. The study analyzed 272 triads formed by the consultant's pre speech, speech therapists and the consultant intervention post. The results indicate that interventions that are associated with increased willingness to change are: return of the resistance, reformulation and according to a turning point for the resistance; stress control and personal choice, reformulation, increased discrepancy; and listen reflexive for ambivalence, and evocative question and summarize for self-motivation phrases.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy , Alcohol Drinking , Motivational Interviewing , Psychosocial Intervention , Patients , Audiovisual Aids , Temperance , Consultants , Binge Drinking , Motivation , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patient education can play an important role in motivating patients to change their problematic behavior. This study purposed to evaluate the effects of brief group education, which was performed by primary care physicians, on the improvement of the readiness to change in problem drinkers after a year from the education. METHODS: A total of 34 male were followed up as the subjects who had been problem drinkers and at the stage of precontemplation or contemplation before group education. The readiness to change in the subjects was re-evaluated again 12 weeks and a year after the brief group education. RESULTS: Before the education, 11 patients among the subjects were at the stage of precontemplation and 23 at the contemplation. The distribution was significantly changed into 2 at the stage of precontemplation, 14 at the contemplation and 18 at the action 12 weeks after the group education (P < 0.001), and into 2 at the precontemplation, 16 at the contemplation, and 16 at the action a year after the group education (P < 0.001). The most influential factor associated with the improvement of the status of readiness to change was the family function score (after 12 weeks odds ratio 1.99, 95% CI 1.10-3.62; after a year odds ratio 2.31, 95% CI 1.10-4.85). CONCLUSION: Problem drinkers who had participated in the brief group education by primary care physicians showed continuous improvement in the readiness to change even after a year from the education.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Odds Ratio , Patient Education as Topic , Physicians, Primary Care , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of brief group education on improvement of readiness to change in heavy drinkers. METHODS: We selected 37 heavy drinkers categoriged in the state of precontemplation and contemplation stage according to readiness to change questionnaire (RTCQ). The readiness to change was re-evaluated after 4 sessions of drinking education. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) frequency of participation in group education was 3.5 (+/-0.6). According to the stage of readiness to change, the subjects were distributed into 11 (29.7%) in the stage of precontemplation and 26 (70.3%) in contemplation before participation in the program. After completion of educational program, the readiness to change in the subjects was significantly (P<0.001) changed into 1 drinker (2.7%) in the stage of precontemplation, 16 (43.2%) in contemplation and 20 (54.1%) in action. The influential factors associated with the improvement of the status of readiness to change was family APGAR score (odd ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-3.03). CONCLUSION: Above results suggested that the readiness to change in heavy drinkers can be improved by brief group education program.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apgar Score , Drinking , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This study was performed to investigate the effect of insight on the readiness to change in alcoholism. The subjects were 131 Korean male patients with alcohol dependence who were being hospitalized in a community-based alcohol treatment center. The patients' readiness to change was classified into precontemplation, contemplation, and action stage through the readiness to change questionnaire. The state of the patients' insight was measured through the Hanil alcohol insight scale. Fourteen patients (10.7%) were in the stage of precontemplation, 65 (49.6%) in contemplation and 52 (39.7%) in action stage. The insight score of the patients in precontemplation stage was significantly lower (p<0.001) than that of others. On the basis of the precontemplation stage, multinomial logistic regression analysis for the control of the differences in the patients' characteristics among each stage of the readiness to change showed that the possibility of contemplation and action stage went up 1.231 (p<0.01) and 1.249 (p<0.01) times higher as the insight score increased.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adaptation, Psychological , Alcohol Drinking , Alcoholism/psychology , Awareness , Health Behavior , Korea , Motivation , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Self CareABSTRACT
El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar la asociación entre la autoeficacia percibida y la disposición al cambio y su relación con la realización de actividad física. Participaron 199 estudiantes universitarios elegidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de Autoeficacia, un algoritmo para evaluar la Disposición al Cambio, el cuestionario General de Salud (CGS), un Cuestionario de Actividad Física y uno sobre actitud hacia ésta. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones bivariadas significativas entre la actividad física y las variables independientes. En un modelo multivariado, solamente la etapa de cambio se asoció significativamente con la actividad física. Se concluye que la disposición al cambio es la variable más relevante en la asociación con la actividad física auto-reportada.
The aim of this research was to identify the association between perceived self-efficacy and readiness to change and their relationship with physical activity. 199 random-selected undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants answered a set of questionnaires measuring self-efficacy about physical exercise, readiness to change, general health, attitude regarding physical activity, and self-reported physical activity. Results showed significant bivariate associations between physical activity and independent variables. Using a multivariate model, only readiness to change was significant, associated with physical activity. Results suggest that readiness to change is the most important variable in association with self-reported physical activity.