ABSTRACT
We briefly reviewed the most significant advance in the field of hemangioma and vascular malformation from the second half of 2016 to the first quarter of 2018. Breakthroughs in basic research, genetic discoveries and animal model development have significantly contributed to the classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of vascular anomalies including surgical treatment, endovascular therapies, laser treatment and drug therapies. Here, we have discussed important discoveries and innovative hypotheses in infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, KHE/TA, port-wine stain, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, arteriovenous malformation and etc. Together, we have proposed future directions to help shaping this field.
ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass which predisposes to fractures. This silently progressive metabolic bone disease is widely prevalent in India in both sexes and occurs at younger age than in western population. Rapid bone loss occurs in postmenopausal women due to hormonal factors. Indians have low bone density compared to Caucasians. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is a major factor for poor bone health in India. The bone health of population can be improved by encouraging children to drink milk and take enough exercise. Results of randomised trials have revolutionised treatments and several effective therapeutic drugs are available. Despite new treatments many patients with fractures still do not receive appropriate management. Early detection and management of this condition can avoid the risk of fractures and associated morbidity and mortality