ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El presente artículo busca describir las condiciones de salud y trabajo de los recicladores a nivel mundial, desde el modelo de condiciones de trabajo de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Taylor and Francis, Science Direct y SAGE de artículos publicados entre los años 1999 al 2019. Para el proceso de depuración de artículos se utilizó el gestor bibliográfico Mendeley. Se obtuvieron 857 registros, de los cuales 88 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios eran de casos y controles, con la aplicación de cuestionarios, entrevistas, encuestas y discusiones de grupos focales. Las condiciones intralaborales de los recicladores se relacionan principalmente con la exposición a agentes químicos y biológicos; las condiciones extralaborales que más influyen en el desempeño laboral están asociadas con su situación económica, familiar, vivienda y relación con el entorno. Las condiciones individuales que más inciden en la salud y el trabajo de los recicladores están asociadas con el sexo, la edad y la escolaridad. Desde el abordaje del modelo de condiciones de trabajo esta revisión de literatura identificó y explicó los agentes de riesgo y los efectos en la salud de recicladores como consecuencia de su exposición a entornos de trabajo inseguros y peligrosos.
ABSTRACT This scoping review article seeks to describe the health and work conditions of waste pickers worldwide from the working conditions model of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, through a review of scientific articles published between the years 1999 to 2019. The bibliographic search was carried out manually in PubMed, Taylor and Francis, ScienceDirect, and SAGE. For the article screening process, the Mendeley bibliographic manager was used. The methodological quality was based on a rigorous and serious process respecting the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. 857 records were obtained, of which 88 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies analyzed had a qualitative approach, based on the application of questionnaires, interviews, surveys, and focus group discussions. The intra-work conditions of the waste picker population are mainly related to situations that affect their work environment, while the non-work conditions that most influence the work performance of waste pickers are associated with their economic and family situation, place of residence, and relationship with the environment. The individual conditions that most affect the health and work of waste pickers are associated with sex, age, and education. From the approach to the working conditions model, this literature review identified and explained the different risk agents and effects on the health of waste pickers around the world as a consequence of their exposure to unsafe and dangerous work environments.
Subject(s)
Health Status , Occupational Health , Waste Pickers , RiskABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Existem poucas informações a respeito das condições de trabalho do reciclador e dos efeitos do exercício dessa atividade. OBJETIVO: Investigar o ambiente de trabalho, a postura e o perfil dos recicladores da Associação Reciclar Reciclando a Vida (RRV) da cidade de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. METODOLOGIA: A pesquisa qualiquantitativa foi realizada com 18 recicladores por meio de uma entrevista com um formulário de dados (gerais/ocupacionais) e um check list, buscando uma visão ergonômica do ambiente de trabalho. RESULTADOS: O grupo de trabalhadores estudado exerce a atividade de recicladores há 3[0,8-8] anos. Em relação às doenças sistêmicas, 22 por cento relataram hipertensão arterial e cardiopatias e 39 por cento cefaleia. A presença de dor em MMSS aumentou (p = 0,04) e houve uma tendência de aumento de dor em MMI e cervical (p = 0,08) com o exercício da atividade de reciclador. Em relação ao ambiente de trabalho, foram constatados condições adversas à salubridade humana, além de odor desagradável, sendo que nenhum dos recicladores faz uso de equipamentos de segurança do tipo Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPIs). Entre as posturas adotadas na execução de suas atividades, grande parte dos recicladores permanece em pé e carrega peso a maior parte de sua jornada de trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: A atividade do reciclador está ligada ao ambiente e a posturas inadequadas de trabalho. O perfil do trabalhador envolvido nessa atividade é o de mulheres com baixos índices de escolaridade e de remuneração.
INTRODUCTION: There are little information regarding the work conditions of the worker involved with the waste recycle and the effects of such activity. AIM: To investigate the work environment, the posture and the profile of the workers involved with the waste recycle of the non-governmental organization Associação Reciclar Reciclando a Vida (RRV) in Londrina, Brazil. METHODS: The quali-quantitative research was performed with 18 workers involved with the waste recycle by interviewing them, using a questionnaire including general information and data related to the work activity and by using a check list related to the work environment. RESULTS: The study group has been involved with the activity of waste recycle for 3[0,8-8] years. Regarding the systemic diseases, 22 percent reported high blood pressure and heart diseases and 39 percent headache. The incidence of pain in the upper limbs increased after working with the waste recycle (p = 0,04) and there was also a tendency of increase of pain in the lower limbs and in the neck (p = 0.08) increased after working with the waste recycle. Regarding the work environment, insalubrious conditions were identified, there was an unpleasant smell and none of the workers used safety equipment. Regarding the postures adopted during the activities, many workers remain standing and carry weight most of the time. CONCLUSION: The activity of the worker involved with the waste recycle is related to the inadequate work environment and postures adopted during the activity. The profile of the worker involved in this activity is mainly women with low educational degree and income.