Terapia secuencial: una opción en el paciente hemofílico que no responde al manejo con monoterapia con agentes puente, estudio observacional del GrHeCol (Grupo Hemofilia Colombia) / Sequential therapy: an option for hemophiliac patients not responding to monotherapy with bypassing agents. Observational study of the GrHeCol (Grupo Hemofilia Colombia)

RESUMEN Introducción: la hemofilia A y B severa son condiciones que predisponen al sangrado espontáneo. Una de las complicaciones de la terapia con concentrados de factores de coagulación es el desarrollo de anticuerpos o inhibidores contra los factores VIII o IX. El tratamiento en casos de inhibidores de título alto, para el control de la hemorragia, es la administración de agentes puente como el complejo protrombínico activado y Factor VII recombinante activado. La respuesta a cada uno de ellos no es predecible, en algunos casos puede ser necesario el uso de la terapia secuencial cuando esta estrategia falla. Objetivo: reportar cinco casos de hemofilia A severa e inhibidores de título alto con sangrado severo, sin respuesta clínica con monoterapia y que recibieron terapia secuencial. Métodos: estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo, observacional. Las variables cualitativas se presentan con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y las cuantitativas se resumen con medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: cuatro pacientes evaluados que aportaron cinco eventos, la mediana de edad 20 años; mediana de días de monoterapia 10; 8,6 días de terapia secuencial, tiempo a resolver el sangrado cuatro días. Ausencia de complicaciones trombóticas. Conclusiones: la terapia secuencial es una opción para aquellos pacientes que no responden a la monoterapia y requieren control hemostático. En los cinco casos reportados, la terapia secuencial logró controlar el sangrado sin complicaciones.

SUMMARY Introduction and objectives: Patients diagnosed with severe hemophilia are at risk of developing inhibitors of low or high title, being the treatment of choice for this latter group of patients the immune tolerance therapy (ITI). In cases where the immune tolerance fails or presents bleeding events, we can use activated prothrombin complex (APCC) or Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa); however, patients may fail to these agents as monotherapy. The aim of this paper is to report five cases of severe hemophilia and high titer inhibitors with mayor bleeding, which fail to respond to monotherapy and required sequential therapy. Methods: Case report study, qualitative variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies and quantitative are summarized with measures of central tendency. Results: Five patients with median age 20 years; monotherapy treatment with median 10 days; 8.6 days of sequential therapy, time to control the bleeding: 4 days. There were no thrombotic complications. Conclusions: Sequential therapy is an option for patients who do not respond to monotherapy and requires hemostatic control. In all the cases of this report, the patients were responsive with bleeding control.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and recombinant factor VIIa treatment in pediatric patients / 소아과

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening pulmonary complication in patients with hematologic malignancies or autoimmune disorders. The current treatment options, which include corticosteroids, transfusions, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and immunosuppressants, have been limited and largely unsuccessful. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has been successfully administered, either systemically or bronchoscopically, to adults for the treatment of DAH, but there are few data on its use in pediatric patients. The current literature in the PubMed database was reviewed to evaluate the efficacy and risk of rFVIIa treatment for DAH in pediatric patients. This review discusses the diagnosis and treatment of DAH, as well as a new treatment paradigm that includes rFVIIa. Additionally, the risks and benefits of off-label use of rFVIIa in pediatric patients are discussed.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and recombinant factor VIIa treatment in pediatric patients / 소아과

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening pulmonary complication in patients with hematologic malignancies or autoimmune disorders. The current treatment options, which include corticosteroids, transfusions, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and immunosuppressants, have been limited and largely unsuccessful. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has been successfully administered, either systemically or bronchoscopically, to adults for the treatment of DAH, but there are few data on its use in pediatric patients. The current literature in the PubMed database was reviewed to evaluate the efficacy and risk of rFVIIa treatment for DAH in pediatric patients. This review discusses the diagnosis and treatment of DAH, as well as a new treatment paradigm that includes rFVIIa. Additionally, the risks and benefits of off-label use of rFVIIa in pediatric patients are discussed.

Evaluation of Recombinant Factor VIIa Treatment for Massive Hemorrhage in Patients with Multiple Traumas

BACKGROUND: Recent studies and case reports have shown that recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) treatment is effective for reversing coagulopathy and reducing blood transfusion requirements in trauma patients with life-threatening hemorrhage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rFVIIa treatment on clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness in trauma patients. METHODS: Between January 2007 and December 2010, we reviewed the medical records of patients who were treated with rFVIIa (N=18) or without rFVIIa (N=36) for life-threatening hemorrhage due to multiple traumas at the Emergency Department of Pusan National University Hospital in Busan, Korea. We reviewed patient demographics, baseline characteristics, initial vital signs, laboratory test results, and number of units transfused, and then analyzed clinical outcomes and 24-hr and 30-day mortality rates. Thromboembolic events were monitored in all patients. Transfusion costs and hospital stay costs were also calculated. RESULTS: In the rFVIIa-treated group, laboratory test results and clinical outcomes improved, and the 24-hr mortality rate decreased compared to that in the untreated group; however, 30-day mortality rate did not differ between the groups. Thromboembolic events did not occur in both groups. Transfusion and hospital stay costs in the rFVIIa-treated group were cost effective; however, total treatment costs, including the cost of rFVIIa, were not cost effective. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, rFVIIa treatment was shown to be helpful as a supplementary drug to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the 24-hr mortality rate, transfusion and hospital stay costs, and transfusion requirements in trauma patients with life-threatening hemorrhage.

The prophylactic use of recombinant factor VIIa in a patient with DeBakey type III aortic dissection: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Little is known about the prophylactic use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in patients undergoing surgery for a bleeding aorta employing cardiopulmonary bypass. We report the successful use of rFVIIa in a patient undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of a DeBakey type III aortic dissection.

Déficit de factor VII Reporte de dos casos en el Servicio de Hematooncología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio / Factor VII deficiency

La deficiencia del factor VII es una enfermedad hemorrágica rara, causada por la disminución o ausencia de este factor de la coagulación; menos de 200 casos se han reportado desde que se describió por primera vez en 1951. Es un trastorno autonómico recesivo que puede afectar a varios miembros de una familia. Su prevalencia es de 1:500.000 (0,5% de todos los trastornos hereditarios de la coagulación) y su distribución es igual entre los sexos. El defecto está localizado en el cromosoma 13q34. Sólo los individuos homocigotos o heterocigotos compuestos, es decir, que son portadores de dos mutaciones diferentes, presentan manifestaciones hemorrágicas. Los heterocigotos son asintomáticos. El déficit puede ser cualitativo o cuantitativo. La forma de presentación clínica es variable y la seriedad de las hemorragias no guarda relación directa con los niveles de factor VII o su actividad. El cuadro clínico puede ser muy grave y se puede presentar hemorragia intracerebral temprana, hemartrosis o manifestaciones moderadas, dadas por sangrado mucocutáneo o hemorragia tras una intervención quirúrgica; algunos casos pueden cursar asintomáticos, a pesar de valores muy bajos de factor VII. El diagnóstico se hace mediante pruebas de coagulación, al encontrar un tiempo de protrombina prolongado con un tiempo parcial de tromboplastina normal y con la posterior cuantificación de factor VII disminuido (valores normales de 70 a 130%).

Factor VII deficiency is a rare hemorrhagic disease caused by the decrease or absence of this coagulation factor; no more than 200 cases have been reported since it was first discovered in 1951. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, which may affect several members of a family. Its prevalence is 1:500,000 (0.5% of all hereditary disorders of coagulation) and its distribution is the same in both genders. The defect is located on chromosome 13q34. Only homozygous or compound heterozygous individuals have different hemorrhagic manifestations. The heterozygotes are asymptomatic. The deficit may be qualitative or quantitative. The clinical manifestations are variable and the severity of bleeding is not directly related to factor VII titers or its activity. The clinical picture may be very severe, patients could present with an early intracerebral hemorrhage, hemarthrosis or moderate findings, given by mucocutaneous bleeding or bleeding after surgery, moreover in some cases it may be asymptomatic despite very low values of factor VII. The diagnosis is made by coagulation tests to find a prolonged prothrombin time with a normal PTT and the subsequent quantification of factor VII decreased (VN 70-130%).

Factor VII recombinante activado en pacientes no hemofílicos con hemorragia aguda grave en la unidad de terapia intensiva / Recombinant factor VII activated in non-hemophiliac patients with acute severe hemorrhage in the intensive care unit

Antecedentes. En el enfermo grave, la hemorragia crítica aguda refractaria al manejo convencional es una complicación frecuente de etiología multifactorial con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. El factor VII recombinante activado (FVIIra) es una nueva alternativa terapéutica en estos casos. Objetivo. Presentar el análisis descriptivo en pacientes no hemofílicos con hemorragia grave tratados con FVIIra. Material y métodos. Diez pacientes no hemofílicos con hemorragia grave, cinco hombres y cinco mujeres, edad entre 18 y 74 años, tratados con FVIIra. Se aplicó una prueba de t para el análisis estadístico. Se consideró una p < 0.001 como significativa. Resultados. Después de la administración del FVIIra se controló la hemorragia y disminuyó el uso de hemoderivados en los diez pacientes tratados (p < 0.001). Los tiempos de coagulación, concentraciones de fibrinógeno, cuenta plaquetaria y parámetros de perfusión tisular mejoraron significativamente después de la aplicación del FVIIra (p < 0.001). Conclusiones. El FVIIra es una alternativa terapéutica útil en enfermos graves que cursan con hemorragia crítica aguda no controlada con el manejo convencional.

BACKGROUND: Severe hemorrhage is a frequent complication with multiple etiologies and high morbi-mortality observed among critically ill patients. Recombinant Factor VIla (rFVlla) constitutes a new therapeutic alternative. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the evolution in a non-hemophiliac patient group with severe hemorrhage treated with rFVlla. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten non-hemophiliac patients with severe hemorrhage, five men and five women between 18 and 74 years, were included and treated with rFVIIa. We used a t test for statistic analyses. Significance was set at p < 0.001. RESULTS: Among patients treated with rFVlla, hemorrhage was controlled and the use of blood products was significantly diminished (p < 0.001). Coagulation tests, fibrinogen levels, platelet count and perfusion parameters increased significantly (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: rFVIIa is a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of severe hemorrhage not controlled by conventional management.