"Four Common Characteristics" of Liver and Eyes and Research Ideas Inspired by "Liver Opens at Eyes" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The theory of "liver opens at the eyes" was first seen in Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon of Medicine， which is the ancient people's summary of the connection between the liver and the eyes. The theory of "liver opens at the eyes" suggests the characteristic of "co-damage and co-recover of liver and eyes". It has been found in clinical practice that liver diseases and eye diseases often occur together， and "liver and eyes co-recover" is an ideal choice. The key to achieving "liver and eyes co-recover" is to analyze its pharmacological material basis and mechanism. With the development of modern medicine， more and more evidence indicates that the liver and eyes have complex and close relationships in physiological and pathological aspects. In a pathological state， there is a phenomenon of "liver and eyes co-damage"， and after the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine， "liver and eyes co-recover" occurs. "Liver and eyes co-damage and co-recover" can be explained through the "co-material basis and co-action mechanism". On this basis， the research group tentatively proposed that the liver and eyes had "four common characteristics" （4CCs）， namely "co-damage， co-recover， co-material basis， and co-action mechanism" from the theoretical connotation of traditional Chinese medicine， clinical practice， and molecular biology. Additionally， the group also took the intervention of Prunella vulgaris， traditional Chinese medicine， for removing liver fire and improving eyesight on immune liver injury （ILI） and allergic conjunctivitis （AC） as examples to analyze 4CCs. This project aims to deeply analyze the scientific connotation of the theory of "liver opens at the eyes"， reveal the common characteristics and biological essence of liver and eyes， explore a new research paradigm of "liver and eyes co-recover"， and provide a reference for the study of common problems of multi-organ associated diseases.

Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric emptying in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery with preoperative fasting and drinking under enhanced recovery after surgery protocol / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastric emptying in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery with preoperative fasting and drinking under the enhanced recover after surgery (ERAS) protocol.Methods:Seventy-six patients of both sexes, aged 18-75 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, who underwent elective laparoscopic hepatectomy or cholecystectomy from January 2019 to December 2020, were divided into 2 groups ( n=38 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and EA group.Both groups used the ERAS strategy of fasting and drinking before operation.Solid food was forbidden after 20: 00 the night before surgery, and 12.5% preoperative oral carbohydrate drinks 800 ml was taken orally from 20: 00 to 22: 00, and preoperative oral carbohydrate drinks 400 ml was taken orally from 5: 30 to 6: 00 on the morning of surgery.The bilateral Zusanli, Zhongwan, Neiguan, and Taichong were stimulated at 7: 30 in group EA, while sham acupoints were stimulated in group C. All the patients underwent ultrasonography of the gastric antrum at 8: 00 for measurement of the cross-sectional area (CSA) in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions (right-lat CSA), gastric volume (GV), ratio of gastric volume to weight (GV/W), and ratio of right-lat CSA to weight (CSA/W) were measured, and Perlas A semi-quantitative grating was performed.After induction of anesthesia, the level of mucous pepsin at the esophageal entrance was quantitatively determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and positive expression was recorded.The adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting and aspiration during induction of anesthesia were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the supine CSA, right-lat CSA, GV, right-lat CSA/W, GV/W, Perlas A semi-quantitative grading, positive rate of pepsin and incidence of nausea were significantly decreased in group EA ( P<0.05). Conclusions:EA can promote gastric emptying in the patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery with preoperative fasting and drinking under ERAS protocol.

Research status of evaluation on clinical recovered amblyopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Amblyopia is a common eye disease which cause abnormal visual development in children.Visual acuity of most children with amblyopia can improve to normal range if they are systematically treated during critical period.Research shows hangovers of different visual anomalies,such as contrast sensitivity,accommodation,stereoposis,electric physiology and microsaccade can be found on clinically recovered amblyopic patients.This review described the recent advances in visual function status of clinical recovered amblyopia which can provide support for clinical diagnosis and monitoring of amblyopia.

Study on effect of exercise training combined with drugs on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of exercise on the cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and related risk factors of heart rate recover (HRR).Methods One hundred and five patients with definitely diagnosed T2DM were selected as the research subjects.All patients underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and treadmill exercise test before and after treatment.The related risk factors leading to abnormal HRR were analyzed.Abnormal HRR was divided into the general therapy group (GT) and the intensive therapy group (IT) according to different treatment schemes.The GT group used metformin and diet control,whereas on this basis the IT group accepted the mild enhancement exercise training.The clinical biochemical indicators and HRR change before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results Abnormal HRR had significant correlation with FBG,HbA1c,resting heart rate,maximal heart rate and systolic blood pressure(SBP)(P＜0.05).After two-month mild enhancement exercise training,FBG,HbA1c and resting heart rate in the GT group and IT group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),while HRR was significantly increased;compared with those after treatment in the GT group,the FBG,HbA1c levels and resting heart rate in the IT group were significantly decreased,while HRR was significantly increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion FBG,HbA1c and resting heart rate are the important risk factors for abnormal HRR in T2DM patients,mild enhancement exercise training could reduce blood glucose level and increases HRR,thus effectively improve cardiac autonomic neuropathy.

Safety and efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for elderly patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases based on enhanced recovery after surgery / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases under the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods 320 patients were enrolled in ERCP operation. Both ERAS elderly group (experimental group A, n = 58, above 75 years) and young and middle-aged group (control group B, n=202,below 60 years)underwent enhanced recovery after surgery,meanwhile traditional elderly group(control group C, n = 60, above 75 years) received traditional perioperative management. It had compared multiple clinical indexes between group A with B and group A with C during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period. Results The incidence rate of cholangiocarcinoma, multiple complications, nutrition screening ≥ 3 points, ASA scored III degree and Child-Pugh scored A-level in preoperative ERAS elderly patients were higher than that of the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05); And its incidence rate of nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain,nutritional screening < 3 points and ASA scored I degree were lower than that of the middle-aged group (P < 0.05);the fasting and water- deprivation time of the ERAS elderly group was shorter than that of the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). The intraoperative operation time of the elderly ERAS group was slightly longer than that of the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). The duration of electrocardiographic monitoring and the first aerofluxus time of the elderly patients with ERAS were longer than that of the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05). The success, failure rate, and complication rate of the elderly patients with ERAS were 91.38% (53/58) and 8.62% (5 /58), 3.45% (2/58), meanwhile the young and middle-aged group were 96.53% (195/202), 3.47% (7/202), and 4.95% (10/202), and with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The mild pain in ERAS elderly group was more than that of in traditional elderly group, while the moderate, and severe pain was less than that of traditional elderly group (P < 0.05); The opioid use rate, endoscopic nasobiliary indwelling, first-time ambulation and aerofluxus, total hospitalization, and postoperative hospitalization time of ERAS elderly group was less than the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). Conclusions With ERAS, the treatment effect of ERCP in elderly patients is similar to that in young and middle-aged people, and it has good safety and effectiveness.

Experiences of Prof.SUN Zhiguang on the Treatment of Overlap Syndrome in Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Harmonizing Liver and Spleen and Regulating Qi / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To sum up professor SUN Zhiguang's experiences in the treatment of overlap syndrome in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome.[Method] Expound the academic perspective and clinical experience of Professor SUN Zhiguang in the treatment of this overlap syndrome from the etiology and pathogenesis,therapeutic principle and method,differential diagnosis and treatment,administer medical herbs and prescription,and one case.[Result] Professor SUN considers that exogenous and internal injuries are causes of GERD overlapping IBS,leading to spleen deficientcy and the liver depression.He points out that "incoordination between liver and spleen,disturbance of qi" is the basic pathogenesis of this disease.According to holistic concept,it should be treated by the principle of harmonizing liver and spleen,regulating qi,simultaneously treating stomach and bowl.It is divided into two types,depressing qi is important in the constipation-predominant,and regulating heat and cold is significant in the diarrheapredominant.[Conclusion] Professor SUN specializes in the treatment of the GERD overlapping IBS.This clinical experience has clinical significance.

Adaptação e evidências de validade do Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) para dançarinos adolescentes (RESTQ-Dance) / Aaptation and vality evidences of Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) for dancers (RESTQ-Dance) / Adaptación y evidencias de validez el Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) para bailarines (RESTQ-Dance)

Resumo O estresse ocorre na transação indivíduo-ambiente quando eventos são avaliados como excedendo a capacidade de enfrentá-los e ameaçam o bem-estar. Para sua avaliação no contexto da dança, há poucos instrumentos. Este estudo adaptou para dançarinos adolescentes o questionário Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), verificando-se suas evidências de validade. Foram avaliados 264 dançarinos brasileiros, de ambos os sexos (93,18% mulheres), com idade média de 14,69 anos, durante festivais de dança de nível nacional e internacional. Verificaram-se as evidências de validade de conteúdo, com auxílio de juízes, e evidências de validade de consistência interna (análise fatorial e alfa de Cronbach). O RESTQ-Dance ficou com 63 itens, organizados em três fatores: Fator 1 - Estresse Geral (26 itens, α = 0,92); Fator 2 - Recuperação (27 itens, α = 0,91); Fator 3 - Estresse Específico (10 itens, α = 0,79); sendo excluídos 14 itens nesse processo. O instrumento apresenta propriedades psicométricas adequadas para uso com dançarinos.

Abstract Stress occurs in the individual-environment transaction, when events are assessed as exceeding the ability to face them and threaten the well-being. For evaluation in the context of dance, there are few instruments. This study adapted for adolescent dancers the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), verifying their validity evidence. Have been evaluated 264 Brazilian dancers, male and female (93.18% women) with a mean age of 14.69 years, during national and international levels of dance festivals. There has been validity evidence of content, with the help of judges, and validity evidence of internal consistency (factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha). The RESTQ-Dance was left with 63 items organized into three factors: Factor 1 - Stress General (26 items, α = 0.92); Factor 2 - Recovery (27 items, α = 0.91); Factor 3 - Specific Stress (10 items, α = 0.79); being excluded 14 items in this process. The instrument has adequate psychometric properties for use with dancers.

Resumen El estrés se produce en la transacción con el medio individual, cuando los eventos son evaluados como superior a la capacidad de enfrentarse a ellos y poner en peligro el bienestar. Para la evaluación en el contexto de la danza, hay pocos instrumentos. En este estudio se adaptó para adolescentes bailarines el cuestionario Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), verificando su evidencia de validez. Se evaluaron 264 bailarines brasileños, hombres y mujeres (93,18% mujeres) con una edad media de 14,69 años para los festivales de nivel nacionales y internacionales de danza. Se verificó evidencia de la validez de contenido, con la ayuda de los jueces, y la evidencia de validez de consistencia interna (análisis factorial y alfa de Cronbach). El RESTQ-Dance se quedó con 63 artículos organizados en tres factores: Factor 1 - Estrés generales (26 ítems, α = 0,92); Factor 2 - Recuperación (27 ítems, α = 0,91); Factor 3 - Estrés específico (10 ítems, α = 0,79); siendo excluidos 14 ítems en este proceso. El instrumento tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso con los bailarines.

The comparison of intranasal and intravenous dexmedetomidine on the adverse reactions of tracheal extubation during wake up of general anesthesia / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To compare the adverse reactions of intranasal and intravenous dexmedetomidine on tracheal extubation during wake up of general anesthesia.Methods One hundred and twenty patients who ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ grade were divided into four groups (each 30 patients) by random digits table method.The patients in intravenous group were given 0.5 μ g/kg intravenous dexmedetomidine (diluted to 10 ml by 0.9％ sodium chloride,intravenous injection slowly,≥30 s).The patients in intranasal group 1 were given 0.5 μg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine.The patients in intranasal group 2 were given 0.8 μg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine.The patients in control group were given intravenous 0.9％ sodium chloride.The systolic blood pressure(SBP),mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),heart rate were compared among groups.Eyes open time and extubation time,the rate of cough and the degree during extubation were compared too.Results The SBP,MAP,heart rate in intravenous group,intranasal group 1 were significantly higher than those in basal state (P ＜ 0.05).The SBP,MAP,heart rate at different time in intranasal group 2 had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The SBP,MAP,heart rate before extubation and after extubation for 3 min in control group were significantly higher than those in intravenous group,intranasal group 1 and intranasal group 2 (P ＜ 0.05).Eyes open time and extubation time among four groups had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The rate of cough,restlessness and 3 scores of degree before extubation in intravenous group,intranasal group 1 and intranasal group 2 were significandy lower than those in control group [43％ (13/30),50％(15/30),47％(14/30) vs.70％ (21/30); 17％(5/30),23％(7/30),20％(6/30) vs.43％(13/30);53％ (16/30),60％ (18/30),50％ (15/30) vs.80％ (24/30)] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Either intravenous or intranasal dexmedetomidine can effectively prevent the stress reaction during extubation,decrease the degree of restlessness and cough.Intranasal dexmedetomidine(0.8 μ g/kg) is more effective and safe.

Recover Self Health at Home Recovering Guidance for Coronary Heart Disease and Angina Patients / 医学研究杂志

Objective Discuss recovering guidance of effect of coronary heart disease and angina Patients. Methods 120 patients with coronary heart disease and angina were randomly selected for recover self health at home recovering guidance. The process includes data collection, evaluation, action and analyzing the feedback of the home practice in the recovering guidance application within two years when the patient is out of the ward. Results Recover self health at home Recovering Guidance for coronary heart disease and angina patients is effective on preventing and reducing the disease relapse, the neopathy of the brain, kidney,liver and mortality.Conclusions Recover self health at home Recevering Guidance for coronary heart disease and angina patients could help to short patient’s in-ward period, speed in and out ward circulation, relieve his distress and treatment cost of the patients, strengthen the communication between the patient and nurses. It is also a way to improve the comprehensive nursing ability of the nurses.

Clinical Evaluation of Pressure Alopecia / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Pressure alopecia is the loss of hair following a prolonged immobilization, probably due to pressure-induced local ischemia. It is most commonly observed after surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Most of the studies or reports of pressure alopecia deal with postoperative cases. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate and understand the clinical manifestations, course and histopathological characteristics of pressure alopecia in various circumstances. METHOD: 27 patients with pressure alopecia, who had visited the Department of Dermatology at Busan Paik Hospital between 1998 and 2004, were examined clinically and histopathologically. RESULTS: The ratio of males to females was 4: 5, and the mean age of patients was 36+/-22 years. The cause of pressure alopecia were classified into 5 groups: open heart surgery, craniectomy, other surgeries, long-term bed rest, and the miscellaneous causes including wearing of hair prosthesis and group punishment. The most commonly involved site was the occipito-parietal area. Histopathological examination showed upper dermal edema and fibrosis, follicular fibrosis, melanin pigments, hair follicles in telogen and catagen stages, perifollicular lymphocytic infiltration and vascular change. The mean operation time was 8.1+/-7.2 hours in the patients with temporary alopecia and 17.8+/-7.6 hours in those with permanent alopecia. The mean operation time of the patients with temporary alopecia was shorter than those with permanent alopecia (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study revealed several causative factors of pressure alopecia including surgery, long-term bed rest, and miscellaneous causes. Therefore, close observation of the pressure site and changing the position of the patient's head at regular intervals are essential during the various surgical and nonsurgical treatments to prevent pressure alopecia.

Clinical Study of Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) on Drug Eruption Patients Over the last 10 years (1995-2004) / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), previously named drug `hypersensitivity syndrome', is a subset of severe drug eruption with quite distinct clinical presentations. Perhaps because of its relatively late onset and variable presentations, the diagnosis of DRESS may be delayed. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the incidence and investigate the causative drugs and clinical characteristics of DRESS. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and laboratory findings of DRESS in 795 drug eruption patients who had visited Pusan National University Hospital over the last 10 years (1995-2004). RESULTS: 1. Of 795 drug eruption patients, 14 (1.76%) received a diagnosis of DRESS. 2. The average age of onset was 44.5 years and there was no significant difference according to sex. 3. The most common causative agent of DRESS was carbamazepine (50%), followed by allopurinol, captopril, phenytoin and antituberculous medications. 4. DRESS developed 2-10 weeks after administration of the causative agent, and the average latent period was 4.6 weeks.

Effect of decoction to help recover intestinal function on the intestinal mucosal barrier of rats with gut ischemia-reperfusion injury / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effect of the decoction to help recover intestinal function on the intestinal mucosal barrier of rats with gut ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Forty-five SD rats were divided into three groups randomly: control group,gut ischemia-reperfusion injury group and decoction group.We detected the content of DAO and D-lactate in serum and lysozyme in perfusate of intestine in each group.We observed the bacteria translocation,the change of ileum mucous membrane in pathomorphology and intestinal villi. Results Compared with those in gut ischemia-reperfusion injury group,the contents of DAO and D-lactate and bacteria translocation ratio were all lower in decoction group(P

Earlier application of the breathing volumetric exerciser to improve the lung function of patient after OPCAB / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To study the earlier application of the breathing volumetric exerciser to improve the lung function and prevent the respiratory complications of the postoperative patient of OPCAB.Methods:80 patients were randomly divided into following groups:group A,with breathing exercise;group B, control group.Results:Compared with group B the maximal inspiratory capacity in group A increased significantly(P