ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the categories and its relations of recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercise for adult with disabilities based on the theory and method of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods:An evidence-based scoping review had been implemented. We had developed the framework and coding approaches for recreational physical activities, rehabilitation exercise and functional improvement for the adults with disabilities based on evidence-based literature review. The literature related to recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercise of adult with disabilities was searched by subject retrieval method. The retrieval database in Chinese included CNKI and Wanfang database, and the retrieval database in English included PubMed and Web of Science. The retrieval time was from establishment to July 31, 2020. The authors, countries, published time, published journals, research objectives, object of the study and their ages, data collection tool, and the key findings were extracted. Results:A total of 2476 literatures were returned, and 18 of them were enrolled, which were published in 14 countries, and most were published in journals on topics related to medicine, public health, exercise and people with disabilities. They were mainly published from 2010 to 2020, and mainly used questionnaire survey, measurement and interviewing method. There were three typical recreational physical activities: physical fitness activities, skills activities and sports activities, mainly including Taiji Quan, wheelchair basketball, leisure outdoor activities, community recreational sports activities and rehabilitation exercises, etc. According to the framework of ICF, recreational physical activities promote functional rehabilitation for adults with disabilities, including physical functions (b1 mental function; b4 cardiovascular, blood, the function of the immune system and respiratory system; b5 digestion, metabolism and function of the endocrine system; and b7 nerve musculoskeletal function related to movement), and activities and participation (d1 study and application of knowledge; d2 the general tasks and requirements; d4 activity; d5 self-care; d7 interpersonal communication and interpersonal relationship; and d9 community, social and civic life). The evidences showed benefits of improvement in the fields of body mass index, body index, athletic ability, balance ability, and cognitive function. There were more gains at individual levels, including support, coping with stress, self-concept development, life satisfaction, happiness, exercise self-efficacy, health perception, etc. The environmental and personal factors had effects on the performance of activity and participation in recreational physical activities, including e1 products and technologies, e4 attitude, e3 support and interpersonal relationships, e5 service system and policy, as well as attitudes and support of family members and colleagues, interpersonal relationships, social support, transportation, equipment and facilities, and policies. Conclusion:Rehabilitation exercise is an important part of health-related services. We scoped the recreational physical activities and its functional effects for adults with disabilities. The categories and structure of recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercises were constructed based on ICF. Aligning rehabilitation exercises and relevant factors to ICF, the recreational activities and rehabilitation exercises had been reviewed and discussed and several recommendations for further studies had been drawn.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la influencia que tienen el entorno físico y los aspectos sociales de los espacios públicos en la activación física y el bienestar de los ciudadanos, con el fin de identificar oportunidades para diseñar estrategias de mercadotecnia social que fomenten la salud y el bienestar entre los ciudadanos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio mixto en dos etapas: observación y análisis de los atributos físicos de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila en base al modelo de Servipanoramas; aplicación de encuestas en línea a 168 adultos utilizando las escalas de bienestar percibido y de valoración de las Ciclovías. Resultados: Los hallazgos sugieren que la existencia de espacios públicos apropiados para ejercitarse y convivir con otros resulta atractiva para los participantes en el estudio, quienes señalan que la Ruta Recreativa estudiada ofrece el entorno adecuado para alcanzar sus metas de salud y relacionarse con personas con intereses similares. Conclusiones: Existe un interés de los visitantes a la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila por alcanzar mejores niveles de salud y bienestar, lo cual puede ser aprovechado por empresas y organismos públicos para diseñar e implementar estrategias e intervenciones de mercadotecnia social orientadas a la promoción de la salud y el cambio de hábitos, utilizando los espacios abiertos que la Ruta Recreativa ofrece y llegar así a un mayor número de ciudadanos.
Abstract Objective: To analyze the influence of physical environment and social aspects of public spaces on the physical activation and well-being of citizens, in order to identify opportunities to design social marketing strategies that promote health and wellbeing among citizens. Materials and methods: A mixed study was carried out in two stages: observation and analysis of the physical attributes of the Saltillo Recreational Route, Coahuila based on the Servipanoramas model; Application of online surveys to 168 adults using the perceived well-being and assessment scales of the Ciclovias. Results: The findings suggest that the existence of appropriate public spaces to exercise and coexist with others is attractive to the participants in the study, who point out that the recreational route studied offers the right environment to reach their health goals and interact with people with similar interests. Conclusions: There is an interest of the visitors to the Recreational Route of Saltillo, Coahuila for achieving better levels of health and well-being, which can be used by companies and public bodies to design and implement strategies and interventions of social marketing oriented to the promotion of Health and change of habits, using the open spaces that the Recreational Route offers and reach a greater number of citizens.
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a influência que tem o meio físico e os aspetos sociais dos espaços públicos na atividade física e no bem-estar dos cidadaos, com o fim de identificar oportunidades para desenhar estratégias de marketing social que fomentem a saúde e o bem-estar dos cidadaos. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo misto em duas etapas: observação e análise dos atributos físicos da "Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila" tendo por base o modelo de Servipanoramas; aplicação de inquéritos a 168 adultos utilizando as escalas de bem-estar percebido e de valorização das ciclovias. Resultados: Foi sugerido que a existencia de espa9os públicos apropriados para fazer exercício e conviver com outras pessoas, resulta atractivo para os participantes no estudo. Estes assinalaram que a rota recreativa estudada oferece o ambiente adequado para alcaçar as suas metas de saúde e relacionar-se com pessoas com intereses similares. Conclusões: Existe un interesse dos visitantes pela "Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila", porque permite alcafar melhores níveis de saúde e de bem-estar. Este facto pode ser aproveitado por empresas e organismos públicos para desenhar e implementar estratégias de marketing social orientadas para a promoção da saúde e para a mudança de hábitos, utilizando os espaços ao ar libre que a rota oferece.
Résumé Objectif: Analyser l'influence de l'environnement physique et des aspects sociaux des espaces publics sur l'activation physique et le bien-etre des citoyens afin d'identifier les possibilités de concevoir des stratégies de marketing social pour promouvoir la santé et le bien-etre parmi les citoyens. Matériels et méthodes: Une étude mixte a été réalisée en deux étapes: observation et analyse des caractéristiques physiques de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo (Itinéraire Récréatif de Saltillo), dans l'état de Coahuila, d'apres le modele de Servipanoramas; et application d'enquetes en ligne a168 adultes en utilisant les échelles de bien-etre per9u et d'évaluation des pistes cyclables. Résultats: Les résultats suggerent que l'existence d'espaces publics appropriés pour réaliser des activités physiques et partager du temps avec d'autres personnes est attrayante pour les participants a l'étude. Ceux-ci indiquent que la Ruta Recreativa étudiée offre l'environnement approprié pour atteindre leurs objectifs de santé et interagir avec des personnes ayant des intérets similaires. Conclusions: Il existe un intéret des visiteurs de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila, pour améliorer leur santé et leur bien-etre. Les entreprises et les organismes publics peuvent en profiter pour concevoir et mettre en reuvre des stratégies et des interventions de marketing social visant a promouvoir la santé et le changement de comportement en utilisant les espaces ouverts qu'offrent la Ruta Recreativa pour qu'un plus grand nombre de citoyens en bénéficient.
ABSTRACT
Esta investigación se enmarcó en la temática de ocupación y adulto mayor activo, con el propósito de dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación ¿Qué factores inciden en la participación social del adulto mayor en actividades físico-recreativas?, orientándose a aquellos factores facilitadores u obstaculizadores de dicha participación. Para este objetivo realizamos entrevistas en profundidad a cuatro personas que cumplieron los criterios muestrales establecidos para el estudio, que corresponden a: adultos mayores que se reconozcan a sí mismos como activos, que participen hace al menos un año en actividades físico-recreativas, como mínimo una vez por semana en el último año. Para el análisis de datos de esta investigación cualitativa utilizamos la técnica de análisis de contenido desde el relato de los participantes, obteniendo como principales factores facilitadores de esta participación el intercambio de recursos no tangibles, la motivación, el cuerpo vivido, la trayectoria de vida, la habituación y la accesibilidad, como factores que influyen en la participación de adultos mayores. Además de los mencionados existe una variedad de factores que interactúan entre sí, determinando atrayentes relaciones inter e intra factoriales, donde identificamos aspectos transversales a las distintas temáticas abordadas en esta investigación que posibilitan la apertura de nuevas líneas de investigación para la ciencia de la ocupación y terapia ocupacional.
This research was part of the issue of occupation and active older adult, setting a goal to answer the research question: what factors influence the social participation of the elderly, specifically in recreational physical activity?, aiming specifically those factors that emerge as facilitators or impede participation. To achieve this objective, in-depth interviews were conducted to four people who met the criteria established for the study sample, corresponding to: older adult who recognize themselves as active, involved at least a year in recreational physical activity, and as at least once a week in the last year. This exploratory qualitative used the technique of content analysis from the account of participants, having as main findings of this participation facilitating factors, where the most significant relate to: exchange of intangible resources, motivation, lived body, path of life, habituation and accessibility, which relate primarily to factors relating to that person, being a powerful accessibility elderly external prism that influences their involvement in such activities. In addition there was a variety of factors that interact with each other attractive determining relationships within and between categories, which identified issues which cut across the different themes addressed in this research. Finally, note that the nature of this study enables the opening of new lines of research that may contribute to the occupation science and occupational therapy.