Rouleaux formation of white blood cells and platelets in leukemia / Formação de rouleaux de glóbulos brancos e plaquetas em leucemia

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of glucose and salt level on white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets (PLTs) in the blood of a leukemic patient by using a white light microscope. Different concentrations of glucose and salt in the range of 0 mM to 500 mM were admixed in the blood sample to prepare blood smear. We revealed that shape of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets changes and form aggregates. Increasing concentrations of glucose cause to increases aggregation process of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. And the increasing concentration of sodium chloride causes to increase rouleaux formation and aggregation of platelets but dehydration due to increased sodium chloride concentration causes to break the aggregation of white blood cells. Comparison of CBC reports of these samples with and without analytes shows that total leukocyte count (TLC) decreases gradually towards normal ranges of leukocytes which is favorable in the treatment of leukemia but at the same time decreasing level of hemoglobin HGB, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and increasing level of red blood cell (RBCs) causes to reduce oxygen supply which is in favor of cancer growth and anemia. This work provides us the base for translation this in vitro study towards the in vivo case of blood microvasculature as a non-invasive methodology.

O objetivo deste estudo foi medir os efeitos da glicose e do nível de sal nos glóbulos brancos, glóbulos vermelhos e plaquetas (PLTs) no sangue de um paciente leucêmico usando um microscópio de luz branca. Foram misturadas diferentes concentrações de glicose e sal na gama de 0 mM a 500 mM na amostra de sangue para preparar esfregaço de sangue. Descrevemos que a forma dos eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas muda e forma agregados. O aumento das concentrações de glicose aumenta o processo de agregação de glóbulos brancos, glóbulos vermelhos e plaquetas. E a crescente concentração de cloreto de sódio causa o aumento da formação de rouleaux e a agregação de plaquetas, mas a desidratação devido ao aumento da concentração de cloreto de sódio causa a quebra da agregação de glóbulos brancos. A comparação dos relatórios de CBC dessas amostras com e sem analitos mostra que a contagem total de leucócitos (TLC) diminui gradualmente para os intervalos normais de leucócitos, o que é favorável no tratamento da leucemia, mas ao mesmo tempo diminui o nível de hemoglobina HGB, hemoglobina corpuscular média (MCH ), a concentração média de hemoglobina corpuscular (MCHC) e o aumento do nível de glóbulos vermelhos (RBCs) reduz o suprimento de oxigênio, o que é a favor do crescimento do câncer e da anemia. Este trabalho fornece a base para a tradução deste estudo in vitro para o caso in vivo de microvasculatura de sangue como uma metodologia não-invasiva.

Evaluation of the Level of Minimum Hemoglobin Trigger for Red Blood Cell Transfusion according to Clinical Departments / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the major treatments for correcting anemia, but its use should be carefully considered because of adverse transfusion reactions and inappropriate usage. Therefore, individual health care facilities have self evaluated their use of transfusion in an attempt to decrease unnecessary procedures. In this study, we evaluated the differences in the minimum hemoglobin (Hb) trigger for RBC transfusion among clinical departments in Severance Hospital. METHODS: We analyzed the electronic medical records of RBC transfusion episodes that were conducted at a Hb level above 8 g/dL from July 2014 to September 2015. We classified these data by clinical department, and considered the overall medical conditions of the patients. The minimum Hb trigger level in this study was defined as the lowest Hb level within 24 hours prior to RBC transfusion. RESULTS: A total of 4,953 RBC transfusion episodes that were conducted at Hb levels above 8 g/dL were analyzed over that period. In general, the minimum Hb trigger level was higher in the operation group than the hemorrhage group. When compared among clinical departments, the department of orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, rehabilitation medicine, and anesthesiology showed high levels of minimum Hb trigger equal to or greater than 10 g/dL. CONCLUSION: The minimum Hb trigger level differed among clinical departments, with the operation group showing a much higher level of minimum Hb trigger. We hope that these data will be practically applied to establish plans and strategies for managing the appropriateness of RBC transfusions in Korea. In addition, continuous evaluation and transfusion education for clinical departments should be performed.

Use of Staphylococcal Protein-A and Streptococcal Protein-G for Detection of Red Blood Cells (RBC) Antibodies and Comparison with Other Techniques.

Background: Detection of red blood cells antibodies is important for the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease of newborn, pre-transfusion testing and other problems. The aim of this study was to use Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) and Streptococcal protein G (SpG) as reagents in immunological tests for detecting red blood cells (RBC) antibodies and to compare the method with other techniques. Study Design & Methods: Sera from 60 patients, comprising forty-four anti-D positive sera from pregnant women and 16 from healthy controls were, used for the study. The anti-globulin gel test and the standard Coombs’ test were used to determine RBC antibodies in these sera and the result were compared with that of protein A and protein G tests. Results: With various degree of agglutination all 4 techniques detected the presence of RBC antibodies (anti-D) in the sera from 44 pregnant women, and tested negative for the remaining 16 sera (from healthy controls). The sensitivity and the specificity of the 4 techniques was 100%. Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrates that both SpA and SpG tests can be used for the detection of RBC antibodies and therefore requires more study and testing before they can become useful standard tests in transfusion medicine.

An Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis Method to measure RBC aggregation1 / 医学研究杂志

Objective From the Maxwell-Wagner theory for suspensions of spherical and the electrical property of blood,an equation has been derived to calculate RBC aggregate radius,a new method based on the impedance spectroscopy analysis has been developed to evaluate the Red Blood Cell (RBC) aggregation property. According the new method,the impedance spectroscopy of blood has been measured at first with the multi-frequency technique,then to get the impedance - frequency curve by a fit method,the time constant T has been extracted from the curve,at last,the RBC aggregate radius R has been gotten. According to the changes of R during the RBC aggregation,the measurement and evaluation of RBC aggregation property can be realized. The impedance spectroscopy analysis method introduced in this paper is a new,effective method to study RBC aggregation.

Experiment Study on the Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis Method t o measure RBC Aggregation / 医学研究杂志

In order to test validity and fea si bility of the impedance spectroscopy analysis method,a series of blood experime n ts have been carried out to study influences of the hematocrit,the plasma conc e ntration and the dextran concentration in suspend medium on the blood impedance and the RBC aggregation.The results show that the blood impedance of lower freq uency R_0 increases with increase of Hctc,the time constant T has little chang e when Hctc hange from 28.9 to 48.9;with the increase of plasma concentration ,t he RBC aggregation radius increases;When the dextran concentration is about 4g/ 100ml,the RBC aggregate reaches its maximum.It suggests that the impedance spe ctroscopy analysis method is a new,effective method to study RBC aggregation.

Effects of Cango Oral Liquid on Immunologic Function of Red Blood Cell in Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of cango oral liquid(SGOL) on immunologic function of RBC METHODS:5g/(kg?d),10g/(kg?d),20g/(kg?d) of SGOL were given to the old mice qd for 30 days The changes of immunologic functions of RBC in aging mice and the effects of SGOL on immunologic function in mice were observed RESULTS:(1)The rosette rates of red blood cell C3b receptor(RBC-C3bRR)in old mice were significantly lower than those in the young group(P