ABSTRACT
This paper briefly reviewed blood substitutes, focusing on the background, history of research and development(R&D), types, functions, characteristics, the indications that will be mainly targeted in clinical, and their special status and role in the future, especially in the rescue of war/trauma patients using hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers(HBOCs). Additionally, the authors put forward unique insights and suggestions on some key concepts and R&D bottlenecks in the development of HBOCs through combining the authors′ own R&D experience for decades with efforts and lessons given by many scholars in this field at home and abroad, hoping to provide some new inspirations and ideas for colleagues to innovate and develop blood substitutes to benefit the clinical as soon as possible.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As a kind of blood substitutes, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been studied for more than 40 years. The research efforts to achieve this goal have so far gone through three different generations of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. While the first and second generations entail the hemoglobin’s chemical modification, the third generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers involves the encapsulation of hemoglobin within a synthetic membrane. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest progress in hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. METHODS: Using “hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, red blood cell substitutes, artificial oxygen carriers, artificial blood” as the key words in Chinese and English, respectively, we retrieved the related literatures on the preparation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers published from 2000 to 2019 in PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hemoglobin from fetus, invertebrate, and reptilian and β-subunit mutant hemoglobin have certain advantages in the preparation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Latest progress has been made mainly in the modification and encapsulation of hemoglobin. And combined use of other drugs can reduce the vascular toxicity of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Some new possibilities in the application of hemoglobin oxygen carriers have been found, but the application of new hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers as red blood cell substitutes needs more animal experiments and clinical trials in the future.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the reaction yield of SC-mPEG with bovine hemoglobin(BHB) under different conditions so as to establish a method for the analysis of the SC-mPEG-BHB mixtures.METHODS: The product was analyzed with the methods of SDS-PAGE,GPC,CE,TNBS,etc.The optimal reaction system for SC-mPEG with BHB was established based on the effects of different factors on SC-mPEG-modified BHB.RESULTS: The optimum reaction conditions for SC-mPEG with BHB were established as follows: SC-mPEG and BHB were mixed at an optimal ratio of 60∶1 and the reaction was lasted for 2 h in(pH9 and 4 ℃) buffer solution.CONCLUSIONS: This study established a foundation for the following study of red blood cell substitutes.