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ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies show an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in populations with higher consumption of red meat, processed and cooked at high temperatures. On the other hand, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 in the Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene has been implicated in susceptibility to NAFLD and liver fibrosis. However, the synergistic effect between red meat consumption and the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in NAFLD has not yet been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the association between the presence of the polymorphism in the PNPLA3 gene and the consumption of macronutrients, including meat consumption and its cooking method among NAFLD patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 91 patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy with genotyping for the polymorphism in the PNPLA3 gene were included. The consumption of calories and macronutrients was verified using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the specific questionnaire on meat consumption. PNPLA3 gene polymorphism was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and anthropometric evaluation was realized. Results: The mean BMI was 32.38±4.58 kg/m² and the waist circumference was 107±10 cm. On liver biopsy, 42% of patients had significant fibrosis (F≥2). The odds ratio of F≥2 was 2.12 for the GG group and 1.54 for the CG group, compared to the CC group. The mean caloric intake was 1170±463.20 kcal/d. The odds ratio in the CC group concerning high red meat consumption in comparison to low consumption was 1.33. For white meat, the odds ratio was 0.8 when comparing high and low intake, also in the CC group. Conclusion: High red meat intake and PNPLA3 gene polymorphism seem to synergistically affect NAFLD and liver fibrosis, requiring confirmation in a larger number of patients and in different populations.
RESUMO Contexto: Estudos recentes mostram um aumento da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em populações com maior consumo de carne vermelha, processada e cozida em altas temperaturas. Por outro lado, o polimorfismo rs738409 no gene Patatin-like fosfolipase contendo 3 (PNPLA3) tem sido implicado na suscetibilidade à DHGNA e fibrose hepática. No entanto, o efeito sinérgico entre o consumo de carne vermelha e o polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 na DHGNA ainda não foi avaliado. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a presença do polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 e o consumo de macronutrientes, incluindo o consumo de carne e seu modo de cozimento em pacientes com DHGNA. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal com 91 pacientes diagnosticados com DHGNA por biópsia hepática e genotipados para o polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3. O consumo de calorias e macronutrientes foi verificado por meio do questionário de frequência alimentar semi-quantitativo (QFA) e do questionário específico sobre consumo de carnes. O polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 foi analisado por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR) e a avaliação antropométrica foi realizada. Resultados: O índice de massa corporal médio foi de 32,38±4,58 kg/m² e a circunferência da cintura foi de 107±10 cm. Na biópsia hepática, 42% dos pacientes apresentavam fibrose significativa (F≥2). O odds ratio de F≥2 foi de 2,12 para o grupo GG e 1,54 para o grupo GC, comparado ao grupo CC. A ingestão calórica média foi de 1.170±463,20 kcal/d. O odds ratio para alto consumo de carne vermelha no grupo CC em comparação ao baixo consumo foi de 1,33. Para a carne branca, este valor foi de 0,8 ao comparar o alto e o baixo consumo, também no grupo CC. Conclusão: A alta ingestão de carne vermelha e o polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 parecem afetar sinergicamente a DHGNA e a fibrose hepática, necessitando de confirmação em maior número de pacientes e em diferentes populações.
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Background Few studies have been conducted on the associations of dietary habits with the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in employees of chemical companies in northwest China. Objective To understand the excess intakes of red meat, offal, and salt, the current status of high normal blood pressure and hypertension detection among employees of a large chemical company in Gansu, China, and to analyze the relationships between different dietary habits and the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension. Methods A large state-owned chemical enterprise in Gansu Province was selected and 914 employees were recruited by age-stratified random sampling. A set of questionnaires and health examination were adopted for the survey. χ2 test was used to compare dietary habits. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between different dietary habits and the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in the chemical enterprise employees after including the factors significantly different in the χ2 test. Results A total of 914 workers completed the survey. Significant differences were found in the distribution of normal blood pressure, high normal blood pressure, and hypertension among the participants grouped by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and family history of hypertension (P < 0.001). The excess intake rates of red meat, offal, and salt were 25.4%, 29.0%, and 62.1%, respectively. Significant differences were found in the distribution of normal blood pressure, high normal blood pressure, and hypertension among the participants grouped by intakes of meat, offal, and salt (P < 0.001). The highest positive rate of high normal blood pressure was detected in the workers with excess intakes of offal and salt (P < 0.001). The prevalence rate of hypertension increased with higher intakes of red meat, offal, and salt (P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, family history of hypertension, and other factors, the results of logistic regression showed that the risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in workers with excess red meat intake were 1.55 (95%CI: 1.00, 2.38) times and 2.88 (95%CI: 1.63, 5.07) times higher than those in workers with low red meat intake respectively. The risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in workers with excess offal intake were 1.75 (95%CI: 1.12, 2.72) times and 1.87 (95%CI: 1.01, 3.44) times higher than those in workers with no offal intake respectively. The risks of high normal blood pressure and hypertension in workers with excess salt intake were 1.80 (95%CI: 1.22, 2.65) times and 2.59 (95%CI: 1.63, 4.11) times higher than those in workers with moderate salt intake, respectively. Conclusion Excessive intakes of red meat, offal or salt are common among the chemical enterprise workers. Excess intakes of red meat, offal, and salt are risk factors for both high normal blood pressure and hypertension. The northwest chemical enterprise should further advocate a healthy and reasonable diet among employees, and propose to reduce the intakes of red meat, offal, and salt.
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Background Gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), and dietary factors have a great impact on intestinal micro ecology. At present, few studies focus on red meat and PD, especially prodromal PD (pPD). Objective To understand the relationships of the intake of red meat and processed meat products with pPD and the number of risk/prodromal markers, and to explore the association of dietary factors with pPD. Methods Based on the data of Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2018 and 2020, adults aged 55 years and older with complete demographic information, dietary survey information, and information on risk factors related to PD were selected from four provinces of China. After excluding those reporting abnormal total energy intake or those reporting alcohol drinking or abused drugs for a long period of time, and confirmed mental diseases with prescribed drugs, a total of 10003 subjects were included. Food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the intake of red meat and processed meat products. The pPD-related risk/prodromal markers were selected following the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society criteria for pPD, and the risk level and the number of markers of pPD were then calculated. The relationship between the intake of red meat and processed meat and the risk level of pPD was analyzed by multiple linear regression. The relationship between the intake of red meat and processed meat and the pPD marker number groups was analyzed by multinomial logit regression model. Results In 2018, the intake of red meat and processed meat was 28.57 g·d−1 in the target population. In 2020, the median of the number of risk/prodromal markers was 3, and the median M (P25, P75) of the posterior probability of pPD was 0.74% (0.42%, 1.49%). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the higher the intake of red meat and processed meat, the higher the risk level of pPD in follow-up (b=0.021, P<0.05). The multiple logit regression model showed that compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), the highest quartile (Q4) group of red meat and processed meat intake were more likely reporting 3−5 risk/prodromal markers than ≤ 2 risk/prodromal markers (OR=1.185, 95%CI: 1.015−1.382). Conclusion The intake level of red meat and processed meat is related to the risk level of pPD, and a higher intake of red meat and processed meat may be a potential risk factor of pPD.
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BACKGROUND@#The association between meat, fish, or fatty acid intake and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been investigated in a few studies, and the results were inconsistent. In addition, most studies are mainly based on the United States and European countries, in which the dietary patterns differ from that in Asia. Therefore, the risk of AML/MDS from meat, fish, or fatty acid intake in Asia requires further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between AML/MDS incidence and meat, fish, or fatty acid intake using the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study.@*METHODS@#The present study included 93,366 participants who were eligible for analysis and followed up from the 5-year survey date until December 2012. We estimated the impact of their intake on AML/MDS incidence using a Cox proportional hazards model.@*RESULTS@#The study participants were followed up for 1,345,002 person-years. During the follow-up period, we identified 67 AML and 49 MDS cases. An increased intake of processed red meat was significantly associated with the incidence of AML/MDS, with a hazard ratio of 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.57) for the highest versus lowest tertile and a Ptrend of 0.04. Meanwhile, the intake of other foods and fatty acids was not associated with AML/MDS.@*CONCLUSION@#In this Japanese population, processed red meat was associated with an increased incidence of AML/MDS.
Subject(s)
Animals , Japan/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Incidence , Public Health , Meat/adverse effects , Fatty Acids/adverse effects , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Venous thromboembolism is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. It is estimated to be the second most common medical complication, the second most common cause of prolonged hospitalisation, and the third most common cause of excess mortality. Recurrences are common. Anticoagulation is usually given for three months. However, inefficiency and major bleeding is often noted. External compression devices and balloon or direct thrombectomy and insertion of inferior vena cava filters are also available. Increasing data indicate that diet may play an important role in preventing venous thromboembolism. Obesity, which is significantly related to diet, may contribute to 30% of all venous thromboembolism cases. Further, plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean, prudent, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets are related to a lower incidence of venous thromboembolism. This manuscript reviews the published literature on the relationship of various dietary components and dietary patterns, and their impact on the development and progression of venous thromboembolism.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Diverticulitis is an acute inflammatory process that affects individuals with diverticular disease. Given the sharp increase in the diagnostic rate of such a pathological process, there was also an increased interest in elucidating the possible causes related to the development of this clinical condition. Among the main factors investigated, diet excels, the object of study of this integrative literature review. METHODS: After searching the virtual health library and PubMed databases, five prospective cohort studies were selected that best answered the guiding question: "Is there a relationship between diet and the incidence of diverticulitis?". RESULTS: It was observed that the high intake of red meat and the low intake of dietary fiber were the most strongly associated dietary factors with the incidence of this inflammatory process. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is evident that choosing healthy eating habits can considerably reduce the incidence of diverticulitis and, consequently, potentially more serious complications directly related to it.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: A diverticulite é um processo inflamatório agudo que afeta indivíduos com doença diverticular. Diante do acentuado aumento da taxa diagnóstica desse processo patológico, também houve o aumento do interesse em elucidar as possíveis causas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento dessa condição clínica. Entre os principais fatores investigados, destaca-se a dieta; objeto de estudo desta revisão integrativa da literatura. MÉTODOS: Após pesquisa nas bases de dados da biblioteca virtual em saúde e PubMed, foram selecionados cinco estudos de coorte prospectivos que melhor responderam à questão norteadora "Há relação entre dieta e incidência de diverticulite?". RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que o alto consumo de carnes vermelhas e o baixo consumo de fibra alimentar são os fatores dietéticos mais fortemente associados à incidência desse processo inflamatório. Fica evidente, portanto, que a escolha de hábitos alimentares saudáveis pode reduzir consideravelmente a incidência de diverticulite e, consequentemente, de possíveis complicações mais graves diretamente relacionadas a ela.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diverticulitis/etiology , Dietary Fiber , Prospective Studies , Diet/adverse effects , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
O presente relato apresenta um caso de anafilaxia tardia ao carboidrato alfa-gal em um adolescente da cidade de Belém, na Paraíba, Brasil. O paciente desenvolveu reação tardia à ingesta de carne e vísceras de animais. Ele mora em fazenda e tem contato próximo com animais potencialmente contaminados por carrapatos. Essa causa de reação alérgica é nova, e estudos começaram a atribuí-la a casos antes ditos idiopáticos. A anafilaxia é uma reação potencialmente fatal, que deve ser prontamente diagnosticada e tratada. Sendo assim, a descoberta de seu fator desencadeante é um dos principais itens que direcionam o tratamento. No Brasil, nenhum caso de anafilaxia por alfa-gal foi antes descrito na literatura local.
This report presents a case of late anaphylaxis to alpha-gal carbohydrate in a teenager living in the city of Belém, Paraíba, Brazil. The patient developed a late reaction to eating meat and offal of animals; he lives on a farm and has close contact with animals potentially contaminated by ticks. This cause of allergic reaction is new, and studies have started to attribute it to cases previously said to be idiopathic. Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal reaction that must be promptly diagnosed and treated. Thus, the discovery of its triggering factor is one of the main items that guide treatment. In Brazil, no case of alpha-gal anaphylaxis had been described in the local literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Ticks , Viscera , Carbohydrates , Food Hypersensitivity , Anaphylaxis , Meat , Therapeutics , Eating , FarmsABSTRACT
Objective@#The present study aimed to investigate the association of red meat usual intake with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and explore the contribution of red meat usual intake to serum ferritin.@*Methods@#Based on the data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 2,797 healthy adults aged 18-75 years without hypertension, diabetes, and MetS were selected in 2009 as subjects and follow-up studies were carried out till 2015. We used the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to estimate the usual intake of foods. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between red meat usual intake and the risk of MetS. Quantile regression analysis was used to study the relationship between red meat consumption and serum ferritin levels.@*Results@#After adjusting for potential confounders, red meat, and fresh red meat were positively associated with the risk of MetS ( = 1.41, 95% : 1.05-1.90 and = 1.37, 95% : 1.02-1.85, respectively). These relationships showed increasing trend ( < 0.05). The level of serum ferritin increased significantly with the number of MetS components ( < 0.05). The quantile regression analysis showed that red meat and fresh red meat usual intake had a significant positive association with serum ferritin levels across the entire conditional serum ferritin distribution ( < 0.05). Processed red meat did not exhibit a similar association.@*Conclusion@#Higher red meat usual intake was associated with an increased risk of MetS and elevated serum ferritin levels.
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Antecedentes: el conocimiento de la producción y disponibilidad de carne vacuna y porcina en los territorios nacionales es de vital interés en el campo de la nutrición humana, porque la disponibilidad se constituye en un factor primordial en la elección y consumo de este alimento entre la población. Objetivo: efectuar un análisis comparativo relacionado con el suministro de carne vacuna y porcina en países de Suramérica desde 1961 hasta 2019. Materiales y métodos: para el análisis de la información se utilizó el modelo lineal general empleando la técnica multivariada de la varianza con contraste canónico de tipo ortogonal, análisis de clúster y estadística descriptiva exploratoria de tipo unidimensional. Resultados: Argentina presentó diferencia altamente significativa en la disponibilidad de carne vacuna para su población, respecto a los demás países de Suramérica (p<0,0001). Paraguay es el país con mayor disponibilidad de carne de cerdo. El país de menor participación de fuentes cárnicas vacunas y porcinas es Perú. Conclusiones: existe una gran divergencia entre algunos países de Suramérica en la cantidad de suministro cárnico proveniente del vacuno y del cerdo.
Background: The production and availability of beef and pork meat in the countries of South America is of vital interest in the field of human nutrition because availability is a primary factor in the choice and consumption of this food among the population. Objective: To carry out a comparative analysis related to the supply of beef and pork in South American countries in the last six decades, from 1961 through 2019. Materials and Methods: For the analysis of the information, the general linear model was used using the multivariate variance technique (MANOVA) with canonical contrast of orthogonal type, cluster analysis and exploratory descriptive statistics of a one-dimensional type. Results: Argentina presented a highly significant difference in the availability of beef for its population, compared to other countries in South America (p <0.0001). Paraguay is the country with the highest availability of pork. The country with the least sources of beef and pork is Peru. Conclusions: There is a great divergence among countries of South America in the amount of available meat supply from beef and pork.
Subject(s)
Mediation AnalysisABSTRACT
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a tendência temporal do consumo de carnes gordurosas (CG) e fatores associados ao seu consumo habitual entre 2007 e 2014. Série temporal do consumo de CG (vermelha e frango/galinha) realizada a partir do inquérito telefônico "Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas" (Vigitel). A tendência do consumo foi analisada por regressão "joinpoint" e expressa em variação percentual anual (VPA[IC95%]), enquanto os fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados em 2007 e 2014 por modelo linear generalizado (log-binomial). Entre 2007-2014, o consumo ≥ 5x/semana de carnes brancas aumentou (VPA 6,9% [5,7; 8,1]), enquanto as vermelhas permaneceu estável. O consumo CG apresentou redução significativa a partir de 2011 (VPA -4,0%[-7,5; -0,2]), provavelmente em função da redução no consumo das vermelhas gordurosas. Identificamos que o sexo masculino, as faixas etárias mais jovens, residir nas regiões CO/SE/S, escolaridade ≤ 8 anos e o uso abusivo de álcool e tabaco se associaram com o consumo de CG; assistir televisão > 3h/dia foi associada apenas em 2014. No período analisado houve redução no consumo de CG pela população brasileira, sendo seu consumo associado a fatores sociodemográficas e outros comportamentos promotores de DCNT.
Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the temporal trend of the consumption of fatty meats and factors associated with the consumption thereof between 2007 and 2014. A time series of fatty meat consumption (red meat and chicken) was conducted by the "Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel) telephone survey." The consumption trend was analyzed by joinpoint regression and expressed in annual percentage variation (VPA [95% CI]), while sociodemographic and behavioral factors were associated in 2007 and 2014 by the generalized linear (log-binomial) model. Between 2007 and 2014, white meat consumption ≥ 5x/ week increased (VPA 6.9% [5.7, 8.1]), while red meat consumption remained stable. Fatty meat consumption showed a significant reduction as of 2011 (VPA -4% [-7.5; -0.2]), probably due to the reduction in the consumption of fatty red meats. It was found that males, of younger age groups living in the center-west/south-east/south regions, with low education level and alcohol and tobacco abuse were associated with fatty meat consumption; while watching television>3hours/day was only associated in 2014. The consumption of fatty meats showed a reduction trend in the Brazilian population, and its consumption was associated with sociodemographic and behavioral variables.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Television/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior , Meat/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Brazil , Linear Models , Sex Factors , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Health Surveys , Age Factors , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Educational Status , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Men and women choose different food items, and consume different amounts of food, due to biological, cultural, and social differences. However, when dietary assessment instruments are developed, gender differences in food selection and/or the portion sizes are often not considered. METHODS: Prospective cohort studies with men and women that examined the association between red or processed meat intake and colorectal cancer and published up to July 2017, were identified using PubMed. Studies were categorized as gender-specific (GS) group if the Food Frequency Questionnaire was developed using gender-specific data, and as not gender-specific (NGS) group if not gender-specific data were used. RESULTS: For cohort studies that reported combined intake estimates of men and women, a 100 g/day increment in red and processed meat intake was positively associated with a risk of colorectal or colon cancer in GS group (relative risk [RR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.32) but not in NGS group (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.90–1.35). For processed meat, the RR for 50 g/day increase was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15–1.40) in GS group and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03–1.27) in NGS group. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences need to be considered during development of dietary assessment tools because this may improve the quality of the findings of nutritional epidemiological studies.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cohort Studies , Colonic Neoplasms , Colorectal Neoplasms , Epidemiologic Studies , Food Preferences , Meat , Portion Size , Prospective Studies , Red Meat , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Abstract: Aim: to estimate the population attributable risk of consumption of red and processed meat for colorectal cancer in Colombia. Methods: to model the expected incidence of colorectal cancer in the hypothetical situation of no red and processed meat consumption in Colombia, for the year 2010. A dynamic macrosimulation model, PREVENT 3.01, was used to integrate available cancer incidence, meat consumption prevalence and associated risk data and to evaluate the impact of eliminating red and processed meat from the Colombian diet on national colorectal cancer incidence. Results: Eliminating consumption of red meat altogether from the Colombian diet resulted in reductions in age-standardized colorectal cancer incidence, translating in reductions of 331 males (PAF 13%) and 297 female cases (PAF 10%). Eliminating processed meats had slightly stronger effects, with decreases of 362 males (PAF 14%) and 388 female cases (PAF 13%). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of the burden of colorectal cancer in Colombia can be attributed to the consumption of red and processed meat.
Resumen: Objetivo: estimar la fracción atribuible poblacional de consumo de carne roja y procesada para el cáncer colorrectal en Colombia. Métodos: modelación de la incidencia esperada de cáncer colorrectal en la situación hipotética de no consumo de carne roja y procesada en Colombia para el año 2010. Se utilizó un modelo dinámico de macrosimulación, PREVENT 3.01, para integrar los datos disponibles sobre incidencia de cáncer y evaluar el impacto de la eliminación de la dieta colombiana de la carne roja y procesada sobre la incidencia nacional de cáncer colorrectal. Resultados: La eliminación del consumo total de carne roja de la dieta colombiana dio lugar a reducciones en la incidencia estandarizada por edad de cáncer colorrectal, traduciéndose en la disminución de 331 casos en hombres (FAP 13%) y 297 en mujeres (FAP 10%). La eliminación de carnes procesadas tuvo efectos ligeramente más fuertes, con disminución de 362 casos en hombres (FAP 14%) y 388 en mujeres (FAP 13%). Conclusiones: Una proporción sustancial de la carga de cáncer colorrectal en Colombia puede atribuirse al consumo de carne roja y procesada.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior , Meat/adverse effects , Meat Products/adverse effects , Computer Simulation , Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology , Population Surveillance , Incidence , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Colombia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
@#The main objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with blood cholesterol level among staff in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The study was a cross-sectional. One-hundred staff between 23 and 59 years of age were recruited in this study using convenient sampling at USM Health Campus. A questionnaire which includes sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and red meat intake was used in the study. Anthropometric and biochemical assessment were measured. Blood cholesterol level was divided into two categories which were known as healthy range (<5.2mmol/L) and slight risk/high risk range (≥5.2mmol/L). The gender distribution of respondents for this study comprised of 40 male and 60 female. The age group (18 to 39) years and (40 to 59) years had a total of 40.3% and 63.2% of slightly risk or high risk blood cholesterol respectively; with the significant association between age group and blood cholesterol level (χ²=4.916,p=0.027). Besides, normal BMI group had 66.7% of respondents achieved healthy blood cholesterol level whereas underweight, overweight and obese group had 39.7% achieved healthy blood cholesterol with the significant association between BMI and blood cholesterol level (χ²=7.112,p=0.008). Moreover, daily or weekly intake of red meat showed that 65.0% of total respondents had a healthier blood cholesterol level compared to 51.0% of monthly, rarely, or none red meat intake group which achieved healthy blood cholesterol level. The result also showed a significant association between red meat intake and blood cholesterol (χ²=5.229, p=0.022), which indicating less red meat consumption is linked to high level of blood cholesterol level. Therefore, further investigation and future studies are needed to gain a clearer understanding of the association between these variables and blood cholesterol level.
Subject(s)
Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
The main objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with blood cholesterol level among staff in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The study was a cross-sectional. One-hundred staff between 23 and 59 years of age were recruited in this study using convenient sampling at USM Health Campus. A questionnaire which includes socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, and red meat intake was used in the study. Anthropometric and biochemical assessment were measured. Blood cholesterol level was divided into two categories which were known as healthy range (<5.2mmol/L) and slight risk/high risk range (≥5.2mmol/L). The gender distribution of respondents for this study comprised of 40 male and 60 female. The age group (18 to 39) years and (40 to 59) years had a total of 40.3% and 63.2% of slightly risk or high risk blood cholesterol respectively; with the significant association between age group and blood cholesterol level (χ²=4.916,p=0.027). Besides, normal BMI group had 66.7% of respondents achieved healthy blood cholesterol level whereas underweight, overweight and obese group had 39.7% achieved healthy blood cholesterol with the significant association between BMI and blood cholesterol level (χ²=7.112,p=0.008). Moreover, daily or weekly intake of red meat showed that 65.0% of total respondents had a healthier blood cholesterol level compared to 51.0% of monthly, rarely, or none red meat intake group which achieved healthy blood cholesterol level. The result also showed a significant association between red meat intake and blood cholesterol (χ²=5.229, p=0.022), which indicating less red meat consumption is linked to high level of blood cholesterol level. Therefore, further investigation and future studies are needed to gain a clearer understanding of the association between these variables and blood cholesterol level.
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The present study investigated risk factors for iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during late infancy, including feeding type and complementary feeding (CF) practice. Healthy term Korean infants (8–15 months) were weighed, and questionnaires regarding delivery, feeding, and weaning were completed by their caregivers. We also examined levels of hemoglobin, serum iron/total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Among 619 infants, ID and IDA were present in 174 infants (28.1%) and 87 infants (14.0%), respectively. The 288 infants with exclusively/mostly breastfeeding until late infancy (BFL) were most likely to exhibit ID (53.1%) and IDA (28.1%). The risk of ID was independently associated with BFL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 47.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18.3–122.9), male sex (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–2.9), fold weight gain (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5–4.6), and perceived inadequacy of red meat intake (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.7). In addition to the risk factors for ID, Cesarean section delivery (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2) and low parental CF-related knowledge (aOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5–5.2) were risk factors for IDA. In conclusion, prolonged breastfeeding and perceived inadequacy of red meat intake may be among the important feeding-related risk factors of ID and IDA. Therefore, more meticulous education and monitoring of iron-rich food intake, such as red meat, with iron supplementation or iron status testing during late infancy if necessary, should be considered for breastfed Korean infants, especially for those with additional risk factors for ID or IDA.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pregnancy , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Breast Feeding , Caregivers , Cesarean Section , Eating , Education , Erythrocyte Indices , Ferritins , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Iron , Methylcellulose , Odds Ratio , Parents , Red Meat , Risk Factors , Weaning , Weight GainABSTRACT
One challenge is to make food consumption healthful and sustainable. Tools to achieve this include science-based documented dietary advice (here: 'dietary guidelines'), and policy-based initiatives and legislation (here: 'dietary guidance'). These two scientific and political tools operate independently, which may be counterproductive, especially if the future gives rise to high-impact scenarios of food crisis. This paper analyses, based on empirical trend data, the potential of dietary guidelines and guidance, and provides suggestions for these to align. Trend-analyses and empirical data point out that dietary guidelines, although relevant, achieve limited uptake by the consumer. Scientists apparently lack the management tools and communication channels to effectively reach the consumer, and thus major changes are not expected. By contrast, emerging issues such as the obesogenic environment and climate change are likely to call for greater involvement of policy-makers. This paper therefore advocates alignment of science and food policy. First, dietary guidelines, used for individual health promoting purposes, should be calibrated on global considerations. Guidelines on red meat consumption are recommended, as red meat consumption is a burden on both health and sustainability. Second, dietary guidance, used for global health and sustainability promoting purposes, should be calibrated on empowering the individual. Guidance in creating self-sufficient local food networks is recommended, as self-sufficient local food networks address both health and sustainability.
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A novel delayed anaphylactic reaction to red meat, associated with tick bites and IgE antibodies against galactose-alpha-1, 3-galactose (alpha-gal), was reported in 2009 in the US, Australia and Europe. In this case, serum specific IgE to galactose-alpha-1, 3-galactose (>100 kU/L) and IgE to multiple non-primate mammalian proteins were positive. However, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. We report the first case in Asia of delayed anaphylactic reaction to red meat, which was induced by bites from the hard tick, Hematophagous ixodidae. We confirmed the increased concentration of IgE reactive epitopes in non-primate mammalian organs, which may be rich in alpha-gal proteins in lymphatic and endothelial tissues. All confirmed ticks associated with this disorder in the literature and in our case belonged to the hard tick family. We hypothesize that hard tick saliva is enriched with blood-type substances, such as oligosaccharides, from the non-primate mammal victim's blood after days to weeks of blood sucking, which sensitizes humans through the injection route while blood sucking.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anaphylaxis , Antibodies , Asia , Australia , Epitopes , Europe , Food Hypersensitivity , Galactose , Immunoglobulin E , Ixodidae , Mammals , Meat , Oligosaccharides , Saliva , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
Introducción. La dieta se reconoce como segunda causa evitable relacionada con el desarrollo de cáncer. No obstante, dado su naturaleza multicausal, al estudiar la relación cáncer-dieta deben considerarse otros factores con potencial efecto confusor para evitar sesgos en estimaciones de riesgo. Objetivos. a) Identificar el efecto confundente del nivel de actividad física, hábito de fumar y nivel socioeconómico en la relación cáncer colorrectal (CCR) y dieta; b) Valorar el riesgo de factores alimentarios asociados a CCR, considerando las variables confundentes identificadas. Metodología. Se condujo un estudio caso-control (n=319; 102 casos de CCR, 217 controles) en Córdoba, Argentina (2006-2011). Se realizó un análisis bivariado entre variables alimentarias de interés y presencia de CCR, estimando ORs como medida de asociación. Luego, mediante análisis de Mantel-Haenszel, se estratificó por potenciales variables confundentes. Finalmente, se construyeron modelos de regresión logística múltiple, incluyendo las confundentes. Resultados. Se verificó efecto confusor del nivel socioeconómico en relación al consumo de carnes rojas cocidas, fibra y etanol, y de la actividad física en cuanto al consumo de fibra alimentaria. Controlando por dichos efectos, no se encontró asociación (OR 0,71; IC95 por ciento 0,31-1,62) entre la ingesta de fibra y la patología, y se observó un efecto promotor (OR 1,75; IC95 por ciento 0,95- 2,60) del nivel socioeconómico bajo y de la ingesta energética diaria (OR 1,0003; IC95 por ciento 1,00008-1,0006). Conclusión. Se reconoce el nivel socioeconómico y la actividad física como potenciales variables confusoras en el estudio de la relación CCR y alimentación en Argentina. Se recomienda considerarlas como variables de ajuste al realizar análisis de riesgos alimentarios.
Introduction. Diet is the second preventable cause related to the development of cancer. Given its multi-causal nature, in studying the relationship between cancer and diet, other factors with potential confounding effect must be considered to avoid bias in risk estimates. Objectives: a) Identifying the confounding effect of physical activity level, smoking habits and socioeconomic status in the relationship between colorectal cancer and cooked red meat, fiber and alcohol intake; b) Assessing the effect of dietary factors on the occurrence of colorectal cancer, considering the confounding variables identified. Methods. A case-control study was conducted (102 cases with colorectal cancer and 217 controls) in Cordoba, Argentina, over 2006-2011. A bivariate analysis, between food variables and the presence of colorectal cancer, and a Mantel-Heanzel analysis, stratifying by the potential confounders, were conducted. Finally, multiple logistic regression models were constructed, including the confounding variables. Results. Confounding effect of the socioeconomic status related to cooked red meat, fiber and alcohol intake, and physical activity level was verified. There was no association between fiber intake and colorectal cancer (OR 0,71; IC95 percent 0,31-1,62), while a promoting effect of low socioeconomic status (OR 1,75; IC95 percent 0,95-2,60), and daily energy intake (OR 1,0003; IC95 percent 1,00008-1,0006) were found. Conclusion. It is recommended to consider socioeconomic status and physical activity as adjusted factors when conducting food risk analysis in the study of the relationship between colorectal cancer and diet in Argentina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Diet , Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Argentina , Case-Control Studies , Dietary Fiber , Logistic Models , Motor Activity , Multivariate Analysis , Smoking , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the level of daily red meat intake and prevalence of excessive red meat intake among employees of floating population in China.Methods 48 511 employees of floating population aged 18 to 59 from 170 counties of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (District) were selected by stratified cluster sampling method.Information on red meat intake was collected by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.Average intake of 100 g/day,recommended by the World Cancer Research Fund,was used as the cut-off point to estimate the prevalence of excessive red meat intake.After performing the complex weighted analysis,level of daily red meat intake and prevalence of excessive red meat intake were calculated by demographic characteristics including age,education,industries and body mass index etc.Results 1) The mean daily red meat intake was 125.9 g(95％CI:116.5 g-132.5 g),higher in men(141.6 g,95％CI:131.3 g-148.9 g) than in women (104.7 g,95％CI:95.8 g-111.2 g) (P＜0.01).Results from the Tendency Test did not show statistically significant changes on the red meat intake related to age,education level or body mass index (P values for trend were all greater than 0.05).The standardized mean daily intake of red meat,adjusted by 2010 census data of China,was 121.0 g(95％ CI:113.4 g-128.7 g).2) The prevalence of excessive red meat intake was 36.2％ (95％ CI:33.0％-39.3％) significantly higher in males (42.4％,95％ CI:38.9％-45.8％) than in females (27.8％,95％CI:27.1％-31.0％) (P＜0.01).The prevalence was estimated to be the highest among the population aged 30-39,with 43.5％ (95％CI:39.7％-47.4％) in males and 30.1％(95％CI:26.5％-33.9％) in females.The standardized prevalence,adjusted by 2010 census data of China,appeared to be 34.6％ (95％CI:31.9％-38.0％).Conclusion The level of daily red meat intake was higher than 1 00 g/d,the standard recommended by the World Cancer Foundation,among floating population of China.Both the mean daily red meat intake and prevalence of excessive red meat intake were higher in floating population than that in the local residents in China.
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Los sistemas antioxidantes del cuerpo humano son capaces de remover a los radicales libres, protegiendo así al organismo del daño que estos pueden ocasionar, y pueden ser valorados en conjunto mediante la determinación del poder antioxidante total (TAS, por sus siglas en inglés). Este biomarcador es modulado por la alimentación mediante la incorporación de sustancias con propiedades antioxidantes o prooxidantes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la ingestión de nutrientes antioxidantes y grupos específicos de alimentos y correlacionarla con el TAS. Fueron seleccionados al azar 45 sujetos de sexo masculino, entre 50 y 75 años, de una consulta médica de rutina. El trabajo consistió en una evaluación de TAS mediante técnica ABTS más una entrevista nutricional donde se evaluó la composición corporal mediante antropometría y la ingestión habitual de nutrientes y grupos específicos de alimentos mediante un recordatorio de 24 h y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos validado para tal fin. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson o Spearman según la normalidad de la muestra (p<0,05). El TAS se correlacionó positivamente con el consumo de licopeno (r=0,295; p=0,049) y negativamente con la ingestión de carnes rojas (r= -0,403; p=0,007). Los demás nutrientes o alimentos no se correlacionaron con el TAS. Por lo tanto, una ingestión elevada de licopeno y un consumo reducido de carnes rojas ayudarían a mejorar el sistema antioxidante del organismo.
High intake of lycopene together with low intake of red meat increases the total antioxidant status. The body's antioxidant systems are able to remove free radicals, thus protecting the body from the damage they may cause. They can be estimated, as a whole, through the determination of total antioxidant status (TAS). This biomarker can be modulated by dietary factors through the incorporation of substances with antioxidant or prooxidant properties. The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of antioxidant nutrients and specific food groups, and its correlation with TAS. Fortyfive male volunteers between 50 and 75 years were randomly selected from a medical consultation. The study included a TAS determination by ABTS and a nutritional interview where corporal composition was studied through anthropometry and the habitual consumption of nutrients was estimated by means of 24 hour diary and food consumption frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient (p <0.05). TAS was positively correlated with lycopene consumption (r=0,295; p=0,049), and negatively with red meat intake (r= -0,403; p= 0,007), while intake of other studied antioxidant nutrients did not correlate significantly with TAS. In conclusion, high intake of lycopene and reduced red meat consumption increase TAS.