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AIM: To investigate the refractive status and myopia wearing rate of primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 in Yecheng county, Xinjiang.METHOD: Cross-sectional study. From October 2021 to June 2022, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 81 863 students from 51 primary schools and 30 secondary schools in Yecheng county, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang. Basic data of the students were collected, and non ciliary muscle paralysis optometry was performed to detect naked eye farsightedness and corrected vision with glasses. The refractive status, glasses wearing rate, and full correction rate of students of different ages, genders, and ethnic groups were observed.RESULT: The detection rate of myopia among enrolled students was 13.39%(10958/81863), the wearing rate of glasses was 23.96%(2626/10958), and the full correction rate was 50.57%(1328/2626). The detection rate of myopia shows a certain upward trend with age, and the detection rate of myopia in girls was higher than that in boys(15.75% vs. 10.96%). The detection rates of myopia in Han, Uyghur, and other ethnic students were 68.12%, 12.63%, and 22.42%, respectively.CONCLUSION:The detection rate of myopia and glasses wearing rate were relatively low for students aged 6～18 in Yecheng county, Xinjiang, while the detection rate and glasses wearing rate of myopia among Han students were significantly higher than those of Uyghur and students of other ethnics.
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@#AIM: To understand the prevalence of refractive state of primary school students in Haicheng district, Beihai city.<p>METHODS: Cross-sectional study and cluster sampling were used. A total of 30 716 students aged 6 to 14 from 15 primary schools in Haicheng district, Beihai city, who had taken physical examination from October 2019 to January 2020, were selected for visual acuity and pupil diopter. SPSS17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.<p>RESULTS: In the eyes of the 15 primary schools monitored in this study, 30 716 cases had mild myopia(29.62%), 0.50D < astigmatism < 2.00D(25.43%), metropia(21.05%)and mild hyperopia(15.85%). With the growth of age, the proportion of emmetropia and farsightedness declined as awhole. The proportion of myopia is on the rise. A total of 1 894 cases of wearing glasses 3 788 eyes. The rate of poor vision was 23.30%, and the rate of qualified correction of frame glasses was 64.57%. Compared with the left eye, the difference was statistically significant, and the <i>P</i>50 of the right eye was more negative than that of the left eye. The equivalent spherical mirror was compared between boys and girls. The difference was statistically significant, and the <i>P</i>50 of equivalent spherical mirror of girls was more negative than that of boys.<p>CONCLUSION: With the growth of age, the proportion of mild hyperopia and squarely eyes decreases year by year; The proportion of myopia increases year by year; Among the students with poor eyesight, the number of those who regularly wear glasses is small; However, after wearing glasses, there are still some students whose glasses are not up to standard. The refractive state of the right eye is more negative than that of the left eye; Female students tend to be more negative than male students in the refractive state.
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@#AIM: To investigate the corneal curvature and refractive changes after microscopically extraocular muscle surgery in adults.<p>METHODS: To observe 62 cases of 85 eyes underwent microscopic extraocular muscle surgery in the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from December 2016 to May 2017, age 18 to 43, according to the surgical method, patients were divided into horizontal rectus surgery: Ⅰ group(simple migration group)32 eyes, Ⅱ group(rectus monocular migration combined with its antagonist muscle excision group)34 eyes, the oblique muscle group: Ⅲ group(single oblique muscle tendon broken group)10 eyes, Ⅳ group(oblique muscle transposition group)9 eyes; Subjective optometry was performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1d, 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo, respectively, to obtain the refractive state changes and the curvature value of the anterior surface of the cornea(0-3mm, 5mm, 7mm)collected by corneal topography. The dynamic changes of the refractive state and corneal morphology of the patients in each group at different time points were compared. Anova and LSD-<i>t</i> test were used for comparison among time points and within each group.<p>RESULTS: Changes of corneal curvature in horizontal rectus muscle can be induced in a short period after the operation, which is limited to the central 5mm area of the cornea, and basically restored to the preoperative level 1mo after the operation. There was no significant effect on corneal curvature after inferior oblique operation. Astigmatism value increased in the early postoperative period of horizontal rectus muscle; Myopic drift occurred and recovered to preoperative level 1mo after surgery. After the operation of the inferior oblique muscle, there was no significant change in the spheroscopy and astigmatism.<p>CONCLUSION:Corneal curvature and refractive changes may occur after extraocular muscle in adults.
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@#AIM:To measure and analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refractive status in hyperopia preschool children.<p>METHODS: Two hundred and three cases(405 eyes)of hyperopia were included in this study, who were diagnosed in Northwest Women and Children Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.According to different mean spherical equivalent(SE)diopter, the children were divided into mild hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia groups though the retinoscopy after cycloplegia. Anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), vitreous depth(VITR)and axial length(AL)were measured by A-scan. The value of K1, K2 were got by computer refractor. And analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refractive. <p>RESULTS: The mean anterior chamber depth for hyperopia preschool children was 3.08±0.38mm, the lens thickness was 3.91±0.34mm, the vitreous depth was 14.53±1.85mm, the axial length was 21.45±1.01mm and the average cornea K was 43.34±1.70D; There were statistically significant differences in AL and VITR among the three hyperopia groups(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in LT between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in ACD between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia(<i>P</i><0.05). No difference in K was found across the three groups(<i>P</i>>0.05); SE was negatively correlated with AL and ACD(<i>P</i><0.01), but had no correlation with ACD, LT and K(<i>P</i> >0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The change of AL plays an important role affecting the refractive state of preschoolers with hyperopia ametropia, which is manifested as higher the hyperopia diopter, the shorter AL and the shallower vitreous cavity, which are co-involved in the change of refractive state, while the hyperopic degree had no correlation with ACD, LT and K. The axial refractive error is the main refractive error in preschoolers.
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@#AIM: To investigate the refractive state and related factors of low birth weight infants aged 3-6 years old.<p>METHODS: During the study period from March to June 2018, 144 cases of low birth weight infants in 8 kindergartens were randomly selected as study group. The normal birth weight of the same kindergarten was randomly selected according to the 1:1 pairing principle as control group. The refractive status and eye biometrics of the two groups were compared. The factors related to the equivalent spherical power of low birth weight were analyzed.<p>RESULTS: Among the children of all ages, the spherical degree and the equivalent spherical degree of the study group were lower than the control group. The corneal curvature was higher than that of the control group. There were significant differences of the axial length and the cylindrical degree between the two groups for 5-6 years old children(<i>P</i><0.05). After multiple regression, the equivalent spheroscopy degree =-10.491-0.442×age+0.765×gestational age+5.860×birth weight-1.529×axial length +0.547×corneal curvature(<i>R2</i>=0.823, <i>P</i><0.001).<p>CONCLUSION: The trend of myopic refractive error and astigmatism in children with low birth weight of 3-6 years old is higher than that of normal birth weight. The refractive error is closely related to age, gestational age, birth weight, axial length and corneal curvature, which requires early monitoring and intervention.
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To discuss long-term changes of refractive status in children after congenital cataract intraocular lens ( lOL) implantation and analyze its related influence factors.METHODS: Seventy cases ( 110 eyes ) with congenital cataract from January 2013 to January 2014 in our hospital were selected, according to the age of patients, they were divided into group A (0. 05 );The differences had statistical significances of the corneal curvature of group A after surgery and 3mo after operation (P0. 05);the corneal curvature 3mo after operation of group A was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (P0. 05 ); There were no statistical significances on axial length after operation in groups A, B, and C (P>0. 05);Ocular axial length difference of group A 3mo after surgery was significantly higher than that of groups B and C ( P 0. 05). Refractive status of three groups after operation showed myopia moving trend, refractive change rate and refractive diopter of group A after operation was significantly higher than that of group B, group C, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: After congenital cataract extraction combined with lOL implantation, patients present myopia refractive state trend. Performance of children below 2 years old is significant. The main factor of myopia is axial growth.
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We quantitatively analyzed the changes of the(retinal) threshold sensitivities between normal status and dilated emmetropic status, and between dilated emmetropic status and -1.0D induced myopic status. Three consecutive visual field examinations by Humphrey Field Analyzer C-30-2 threshold test and STATPAC program were performed in 36 eyes of 21 normal subjects who ranged in age from 23 to 40 years. The results were as follows: 1) There was a statistically significant decrease (0.87 +/- 0.91dB) in the mean threshold sensitivity within the central 30 degrees at the dilated emmetropic status(27.90dB) as compared with the normal status(28.77dB) (p=0.0001). 2) There was a statistically significant decrease(0.99 +/- 0.61dB) at -1.0D induced myopic status(26.91dB) as compared with the dilated emmetropic status(27.90dB) (p=0.0001). 3) After dilation, the mean threshold sensitivity between 20 and 30 degrees of field showed statistically significant decrease as compared with thosE' within the central 20 degrees of visual field(p0.05). Therefore, we emphasize the importance of consistent pupillary size and correct refractive state in performing the serial automated visual field tests.
Subject(s)
Myopia , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
We quantitatively analyzed the changes of the (retinal) threshold sensitivities between normal status and dilated emmetropic status, and between dilated emmetropic status and -1.0D induced myopic status. Three consecutive visual field examinations by Humphrey Field Analyzer C-30-2 threshold test and STATPAC program were performed in 36 eyes of 21 normal subjects who ranged in age from 23 to 40 years. The results were as follows: 1) There was a statistically significant decrease (0.87 +/- 0.91dB)in the mean threshold sensitivity within the central 30 degrees at the dilated emmetropic status (27.90dB) as compared with the normal status (28.77dB)(p = 0.0001). 2) There was a statistically significant decrease(0.99 +/- 0.61dB) at -1.0D induced myopic status(26.91dB) as compared with the dilated emmetropic status(27.90dB)(p = 0.0001). 3) After dilation, the mean threshold sensitivity between 20 and 30 degrees of field showed statistically significant decrease as compared with those within the central 20 degrees of visual field(p 0.05). Therefore, we emphasize the importance of consistent pupillary size and correct refractive state in performing the serial automated visual field tests.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Myopia/etiology , Pupil/drug effects , Pupil Disorders/chemically induced , Retina/physiology , Sensory Thresholds/physiology , Tropicamide/pharmacology , Visual Field Tests , Visual Fields/physiologyABSTRACT
I studied twenty cases who underwent domestic-made intraocular lens(IOL; UNI-IOL(R)) implantation from 12th April, 1988 to July 29, 1988. All patients most of them were females, were over 60 years old and followed up over 1 year. The results were as follows: 1. The postoperative final corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was noted in 18 eyes(90.0%) and visual acuity below 20/50 was in 2 eyes(10.0%). The reason's of this poor vision were optic atrophy and age related macular degeneration. 2. The final refractive state within +/-1.0D with spherical equivalent was fifty-five percent and only one over -2.0D. 3. The corneal thickness increased mostly(9.8%) at postoperative 3 days and graually returned to the normal level by postoperative fifteen days. 4. Anterior chamber reaction, cells, pigments on the IOL decreased gradually at postoperative period. 5. The percentage loss of corneal endothelium was 13.4% at postoperative 2 months and 14.1% at postoperative 1 year. 6. Partial posterior capsule rupture was developed in one eye during the opera tion and fibrinous membrane and after cataract were developed in one eye.