Research progress on basic immunology of organ transplantation in 2021 / 器官移植

In recent years, the science and technology of organ transplantation have developed rapidly, which has been widely applied worldwide. However, multiple challenges remain to be resolved by clinicians, such as functional damage and immune rejection of transplant organs, immune deficiency caused by extensive use of immunosuppressants, chronic allograft dysfunction and adverse reactions. This article introduced relevant key research results published in 2021, taking the function and mechanism of immune cell subsets in the process of organ transplantation rejection or immune tolerance, and the research and application of new materials and drugs in organ transplantation as the main clues. The latest research progresses on regional immune response, especially the application of tissue-resident memory T cell in organ transplantation, were briefly summarized, and the future development of transplantation immunology was prospected.

Identification of infiltrating T-lymphocytes and human NK cells in bladder cancer tissue using monoclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase technique / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A study was performed using monoclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase technique to identify infiltration of T lymphocytes and NK cells in 25 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The density and distribution of infiltrating T lymphocytes were evaluated used the monoclonal antibody UCHL1 and the monoclonal antibody anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1) was used to identify human NK cells. The results were as follows: 1. There was a significant positive correlation between the intensity of T cell infiltration and the number of NK cells (p=0.001). 2. There was a significant positive correlation between the intensity of T cell infiltration and the grade (p=0.006). 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of NK cells and the grade (p=0.024). 4. T cells were tended to contact with cancer cells, accumulated in the necrotic tissue and infiltrated in the submucosa. 5. NK cells were identified in the venules of noncancerous bladder tissue in contrast to the stroma of cancer tissue. These findings suggest the importance or T and NK cells in regulation of the regional immune responses in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.