Stature estimation from tibial length.

Background and objectives: Stature of an individual is an important parameter of personal identification. In this study stature was estimated from the percutaneous measurement of length of Tibia in living. Methodology:400 students (200 male and 200female) in age group of 18-21 years were studied. Heights of the subject in standing position, percutaneous length of Tibia were measured on both sides. Regression formulae and Multiplication factors were derived for both sexes for right and left Tibia for estimation of stature Results: In both sexes stature estimated by regression formulae for percutaneous length of tibia was similar to average measured stature with an error of less than 1 cm. In both sexes stature estimated by derived multiplication factor for length of tibia was similar to average measured stature with an error of less than 1cm. There was no significant difference in the percutaneous measurement of length of right and left tibia in both sexes, thus showing bilateral symmetry in the length of Tibia in both sexes. Interpretation and Conclusion: This study will be of help to the forensic experts when whole leg only is available for forensic investigation for estimation of stature and in anthropological studies. Regression formulae are more dependable than multiplication factor for estimation of stature.

Estimation of age in the living municipal employees in the age group of 25-45 years by physical and radiological examination.

Employees from government and local self-government bodies come to Departments of Forensic Medicine for age estimation for the purpose of permanent employment. According to the rules and regulations of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) and court orders, they are confirmed as permanent employees after a specified duration of temporary service. The age criterion is very important as regards their dates of retirement and service benefits. But because of low socioeconomic status & illiteracy, most of these employees have no documentary evidence of their birth dates. Their age, therefore, remains a mystery to be solved. The human body develops very fast in the first 20 years of life, but growth slows thereafter. There is precious little information on the estimation of age in the later years, resulting in the lack of reliable methods for this purpose. A sincere attempt to arrive at a fairly conclusive range of age with respect to changes in physical features, especially graying of hair, wrinkling of skin and radiological evaluations of fusion of components of the sternum and changes in the teeth and mandible with respect to mandibular canal seen in an oral orthopantomogram was contemplated.

Age determination in girls of north – eastern region of India.

Epiphyseal union of the elbow, knee, wrist joints and pelvis was studied retrospectively on 104 girls between the age group of 16 -22 yrs to determine the age roentgenographically. Regression formula with the standard errors was derived for the respective joints. The Y-values predicted by the Regression equation may not be valid if they are out side the range of the Y-values used to determine the equation. The present study establishes a reference population for age determination of girls from epiphyseal union in North – Eastern region of India.

Differences in Prediction Formulas for the MVV According to the Status of Ventilatory Function / 대한내과학회지

OBJECTIVES: The MVV reflects subjective dyspnea, exercise capacity, postoperative complication. But, the MVV embodies certain disadvantages and is dependent on coordination, endurance and motivation. A timed vital capacity for calculation of an indirect maximal voluntary ventilation is used. We evaluated differences in prediction formulas for the MUV according to the status of ventilatory function. METHODS: Forty-seven normal subjects, 68 patients with obstructive ventilatory impairment, and 23 patients with restrictive ventilatory impairment were studied. The relationships between the MVV and Flow or time parameters in forced expiratory volume and flow volume curves were compared among normal subjects and patients with obstructive or restrictive ventilatory impairment. RESULTS: 1) High correlation coefficients(R>or=0.87) were found between the FEV0.5, 0.75, 1 and the MVV in 47 normal subjects and 91 patients with ventilatory impairment. 2) The MVV can be conveniently estimated from the FEV1 values. The following regression formulas for the prediction of the MVV were obtained. Normal: MVV=44.01 X FEV1-21.09(r(2)=0.771, SEE=11.085) Obstructive ventilatory impairment: MVV=38.34 X FEV1-4.58(r(2)0.812, SEE=4.816) Restrictive ventilatory impairment: MVV=45.20 X FEV1-3.80(r(2)=0.899, SEE=6.929). 3) There were significant differences in prediction formulas for the MVV obtained by FEV1 between each group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that different prediction formulas for the MVV, by multiplying the FEV1 by a constant, are respectively required in normal subjects and patients with obstructive or restrictive ventilatory impairment.

Evaluation for the Accuracy of the SRK/T Formula in PCL Implanted Patients(I)

The 1224 cataractous patients who had extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantations were evaluated retrospectively irrespective of style, postoperative position of intraocular lens and surgeon. The 100 cataractous patients who had extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantations in the bag accurately using single lens style by one surgeon(E.H.L) were evaluated prospectively. And then the predictive accuracy of the SRK/T intraocular lens power calculation formula was compared with other formulas (SRK, SRKII and Holladay) without consideration of individual A constant. The SRK/T formula was more accurate than other 3 formulas in all axial length, but there were no significant differences statistically. Especially for short and long eyes, SRK/T formula was more accurate than other 3 formulas.

The Comparison of Aphakic Refraction Before and After Cataract Surgery

We reviewed the records of 101 eyes who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction without intraocular lens implantation at Kosin Medical Center from Feb. 1987 to Mar. 1990. Of these, 47 eyes that showed postoperative corrected visual acuity of 0.5 more and more than 2 months' follow-up periods, were recruited for this study. To detect the changes of preoperative predicted aphakic refractions and postoperative observed aphakic refractions. we studied the changes of pre- and postoperative axial lengths, keratometric measurements, and observed aphakic refractions at postoperative 2 months were compared with predicted aphakic refractions, using linear regression formula. The results were as follows: 1. Distribution of age were in the range of 24 to 79 years(mean, 59.4 years), and seventh decade(31.8%) was most common. 2. Postoperative keratometric measurements was decreased in power of mean +/- SD; 0.04 +/- 0.14 diopters(p>0.05). 3. Postoperative axial length was increased by 0.20 +/- 0.09mm(p<0.05). 4. The difference between pre- and postoperative refractive power was mean +/- SD; 0.58 +/- 0.16 diopters(p<0.05).

A CORRELATIVE STUDY ON THE DIAMETER AND AREA OF CERVICAL SPINAL CANAL AND THE CORRESPONDING SPINAL CORD / 解剖学报

The cervical spinal canal at C_3-C_7 (200 in total) of 40 adult cervical spinal columns were measured on the axis radiograph. The diameter and area of spinal canal and corresponding spinal cord were investigated with vernier calipers and planimeter.The average values of the measurements are reported as follows:1. The sagittal and transverse diameter of the cervical spinal canal at C_3-C_7 are 13.71?1.31mm and 24.15?1.91mm, while those of the corresponding segment of spinal cord are 7.99?1.01mm and 13.35?1.64mm, respectively.2. The total area of the spinal canal and spinal cord at C_3-C_7 are 239.35?41.78 mm~1 and 106.6?9.9 mm~2, respectively. These data were studied with computer using multiple linear regression analysis program and a calculating formula of cervical spinal canal and the corresponding segment of spinal cord were inferred.Since sagittal and transverse diameters of vertebral canal and cervical spinal cord are measured, we may calculate the both area by using above mentioned formula. This will offer a new method for diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis and spondylosis.