Stature estimation in the South-East Asian population: A systematic review

@#Introduction: Stature estimation is population dependent, and population-specific regression equations should be generated for accurate anthropological assessments. Nevertheless, stature estimation data was inaccessible and limited in some of the South-East Asian countries. The systematic review was conducted to analyse the regression equations of stature estimations developed in South-East Asian region. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed through SCOPUS database and Google Scholar from January till March 2018. All published articles which developed stature estimation from different types of bone, methods and type of statures (i.e. living stature, forensic stature and cadaveric stature) were included in this study. Risks of biases were also assessed. Population studies with no regression equations were excluded from the study. Results: Seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. In the South-East Asia region, regression equations for stature estimation were developed in Thailand and Malaysia. In these studies, bone measurements were done either by radiography, direct bone measurement, or palpation on body surface for anatomical bony prominence. All of these studies used various parts of bones for stature estimation. Conclusion: The most widely used regression equations for stature estimation in SouthEast Asian population were from the Thailand population. Further research is recommended to develop regression equations for other South-East Asian countries.

Correlation Of Human Height With Foot Length In Indian Individuals

Introduction: The height estimation is as important as other parameters like age, sex and race especially inmedico-legal cases. The environmental and genetic factors influence the development of various parts of body.Although bilateral symmetry is a feature seen in humans, there is asymmetry in the foot length without gender orhandedness bias.Aim: To study the relationship of human height with foot length and to derive a mathematical module to predictthe height from foot length.Materials and Methods: This is a Cross-sectional study carried out in Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore in234 individuals aged between 18 and 25 years of age. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficientand linear regression were employed for the Statistical analysis of the dataResults: The overall mean foot length observed was 22.82 ±1.10 cms. There was significant difference in the meanvalues between right and left foot length which was statistically significant (P value = <0.001). The height showeda statistically significant positive correlation with left foot length in both males and females. Linear regressionequation was derived to predict height from foot length in both males and females.Conclusion: In the present study, there was a statistically significant difference in right and left side mean footlength measurements in both sexes. A positive correlation was observed between height and foot length and leftfoot length had better correlation with height in both sexes. It was concluded from further analysis that otherparameters need to be considered for better predictability of height.

Anthropometric measurements of hand length for estimation of stature in North Indians.

Stature or body height is one of the important and useful anthropometric parameter that determines the physical identity of an individual. The present study was done in department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar on 400 (200 males and 200 females) healthy, asymptomatic medical subjects belonging to various regions of North India. The subjects were measured for stature and hand length of left side with standard anthropometer and a sliding caliper respectively and data was subjected to statistical analysis for deriving regression equations. The regression equations were derived both for male and female North Indians separately by means of which living stature can be accurately estimated when fragmentary or mutilated portion of upper extremity is recovered. The present study showed significant (p< 0.001) positive correlation between stature and hand length.

Regression equations for spirometry in children aged 6 to 17 years in Delhi region.

Background. Most of the studies carried out in India to develop regression equations for spirometry in children are now several years-to-decades old and had used equipment and measurement protocols that have since changed. Prediction equations using the current standardisation protocols for spirometry are not available. The lung health of the population may have changed too. Objective. To develop regression equations for spirometry for children aged 6 to 17 years of north Indian origin in Delhi region. Methods. School children of north Indian origin, as determined by mother tongue and parentage, aged 6 to 17 years were screened by a health questionnaire and physical examination and those found “normal” underwent spirometry according to the standardised procedure recommended by the American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) task force in 2005. Pearson’s correlation analysis was carried out to identify the predictor variables for spirometric parameters. Prediction equations were developed using the multiple linear regression procedure. The independent variables were entered in sequence of height, age and weight. R2, adjusted R2 and R2 change, standard errors of the estimate (SEE), and estimates of regression coefficients were obtained and the goodness of fit was examined. Results. Data was obtained in 365 boys and 305 girls. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory flow rate at 50% and 75% exhalation of vial capacity (F50 and F75) and mean forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the vital capacity (F25-75) showed moderate to strong correlations with age, height and weight in both boys and girls. In both genders, the equations explained very high variability of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR as shown by the R2 values. The explained variability for flow rates was lesser, with that for F75 being the least. Conclusions. Regression equations for spirometry variables for children of north Indian origin in Delhi region have been developed. These represent the first such effort from India after the publication of the ATS/ERS task force 2005 guidelines on standardisation of spirometry.

Predição do conteúdo de aminoácidos essenciais do grão de milho / Prediction of essencial amino acid content of corn grain

O experimento foi conduzido para determinar a relação entre aminoácidos e frações nitrogenadas do grão de milho (Zea mays L.) e verificar a possibilidade de utilizar tais relações para estimar o conteúdo de alguns aminoácidos. Selecionaram-se 45 amostras de diferentes híbridos de milho cultivados na região oeste do Paraná que foram agrupadas em três categorias, de acordo com o teor de proteína bruta (baixo, médio e alto). Posteriormente, retirou-se uma sub amostra aleatória dentro de cada uma das categorias anteriores, que resultou em uma sub amostra de 15 milhos, os quais foram submetidos à análise de aminoácidos e teor de nitrogênio não-protéico (NNP). O conteúdo de proteína bruta corrigida (PBc) foi obtida descontando-se a concentração de NNP dos valores de proteína bruta. A estrutura de relação entre as variáveis foi estudada por correlação de Pearson e os modelos de regressão linear ajustados pelo método dos quadrados mínimos. Os coeficientes angulares das retas dos primeiros aminoácidos limitantes para aves e suínos (lisina, metionina e treonina) foram positivos e significativos (LIS=0,1080+0,0140PB, R²=0,39; MET=0,1015+0,0084PB, R²=0,43, TRE=0,1268+0,0184*PB, R²=0,51). Contudo, os coeficientes de determinação das equações foram abaixo de 0,51, indicando que a PB explica apenas uma parte da variação no conteúdo de aminoácidos do grão de milho. A predição dos aminoácidos essenciais não melhorou com a utilização da PBc como variável independente. Conclui-se que não é possível estimar, com a precisão adequada, o conteúdo de aminoácidos essenciais do grão de milho, utilizando-se como variáveis independentes a proteína bruta ou a proteína bruta corrigida.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the relationship between amino acids and nitrogen fractions of corn grain (Zea mays L.) and verify whether it is possible to use such relations to estimate amino acid contents. Forty five samples of corn hybrids cultivated in West of the State of Paraná were obtained and grouped in three categories according to the level of crude protein (low, medium and high). Afterwards, a random sub-sample was taken from each of the previous categories, resulting in a sub-sample of 15 corn hybrids that were taken out and submitted to amino acid and non-protein nitrogen (NNP) analysis. The content of corrected crude protein (CCP) was obtained by reducing the NNP concentration of CP values. The relation between variables was studied by Pearson Correlation and lineal regression models adjusted by the minimum square method. The angular coefficients of the first limiting amino acids for birds and swine (lysine, methionine and threonine) were positive and significant (LYS=0.1080+0.0140CP, R²=0.39; MET=0.1015+0.0084CP, R²=0.43, THR=0.1268+0.0184CP, R²=0.51). However, the determination coefficients of equations were lower than 0.51, showing that CP explains only part of the variation in the amino acid content of corn grain. The prediction of limiting amino acids did not improve when CCP was used as an independent variable. Based on the regression analysis, it is not possible to estimate precisely the content of essential amino acids of corn grain using as independent variables crude protein or corrected crude protein.

Regression Analysis of Male Frontal Bone and Skull / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To study and establish the regression equation applied to estimate the main general skull index with the frontal bone index.Methods Totally 135 adult male mandibles were used for 38 items of measurements with the physical anthropology measuring method.The data were analyzed by regression analysis with statistical software(SPSS 17.0).The pairs of bad correlation(r<0.4) were eliminated.Results Totally 147 one-factor linear regression equations were set up,among which the P values were lower than 0.001.ConclusionThe regression equations may be used to estimate the main general skull index with frontal bone index and provide the evidences for the recovery of the skull.There will be significance to the anthropology,anthropology and forensic anthropology.

Sex Differences in Body Composition in Prepubertal Korean Children by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry / 대한소아내분비학회지

PURPOSE: To find sexual dimorphism of total body composition (BC) and to establish regression equations for each BC by anthropometric data in prepubertal children. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 118 healthy children (58 boys, 60 girls, age; 5.1-9.9y) was done. We examined total BC (bone mineral contents, BMC; lean tissue mass, LTM; and fat mass, FM) and regional BC by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We evaluated the differences in BC between both sexes by independent T-test and performed regression analysis for each BC using SPSS ver 15.0. RESULTS: In total BC, boys had more LTM than girls (P<0.01), while girls had more FM (P=0.05). The percent body fat (PBF) of girls was higher than that of boys (15.0+/-5.4 vs. 11.6+/-5.2, P<0.01). In regional BC, boys had more LTM than girls except arms region. Girls had greater leg and gynoid FM than boys. As a result, girls showed more PBF in all regions. When we did multiple regression analysis including age and anthropometric values, height (Ht) and weight (Wt) were related to BMC and LTM. The regression equations were as follows. For boys: BMC (g)=12.2xHt (cm)+16.1xWt (kg)- 1,025, LTM (kg)= 0.21xHt+0.35xWt-14.3. For girls: BMC (g)=8.0xHt+21.1xWt-881, LTM (kg)=0.18xHt+0.31xWt-10.7. CONCLUSION: We identified sex differences in total BC and regional fat distribution and made regression equations for each BC in prepubertal Korean children.

Estimation of stature from hand length.

The present study comprised of a sample of 150 healthy individuals (75 males and 75 females) studying in various colleges of Delhi. All the individuals were measured for height and hand length. The data thus obtained have been subjected to statistical computation for deriving the regression equations. Bilateral asymmetry in hand measurements were statistically insignificant. Regression equations were derived for right and left hand separately by which living stature may be fairly accurately estimated when a fragmentary or mutilated portion of upper extremity is recovered. Using the regression formula derived in this study, stature can be estimated within the error of +4.0 to 4.6cm from hand length.

Estimation of stature from hand and phalange length.

Personal identification is an integral part of the investigation in cases of mass disasters where disintegrated and amputated body organs are found very frequently. Plastic and latent fingerprints and palm prints are also available very commonly at most of the scene of crime. Estimating stature from various parameters based on the above mentioned evidences becomes one of the most important and essential exercise for personal identification .In present paper, study on stature estimation from hand and phalanges length has been reported. Stature and phalanges length of all the fingers of both the hands of 60 individuals have been measured. The inked palm prints were also obtained and the same measurements were recorded from it also. The regression equations have been drawn from the data collected. It has been observed that stature can be estimated from the phalangeal lengths.