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Objective To investigate the Toxoplasma gondii infection situation and relative factors in reproductive women in Shandong area,so as to provide the evidences for establishing strategies for reducing the birth defects and improving the quality of population. Methods A total of 5 386 reproductive women who visited hospitals at county and city levels in Shandong region from January 2013 to December 2015 were treated as the research objects,and their venous blood samples were collected to de?tect the antibodies(IgG and IgM)against T. Gondii in serum. Meanwhile,the related risk factors of T. gondii infection were sur?veyed by questionnaires. Results Among the 5 386 reproductive women,623 ones were positive for IgG antibody and the posi?tive rate was 11.56%,and 328 ones were positive for IgM antibody and the positive rate was 6.21%. The single factor analysis showed that the pregnant status(χ2 =13.12,P<0.01),whether the residences were in downtowns or counties(χ2 =6.27, P<0.05),whether having animal contact history(χ2=10.46,P<0.01),and whether eating half?baked foods(χ2=21.19, P < 0.01)were related to T. gondii infection. Conclusions The T. gondii infection rate of reproductive women in Shandong Province is high;the related risk factors include pregnant status,residence,degree of intimate contact with animal,and wheth?er eating half?baked foods. It suggests that the detection of T. gondii infection and health education in reproductive women should be strengthened.
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El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo más importantes en las enfermedades del corazón y cerebrovascular en una comunidad atendida por médicos y enfermeras. Se tomó una muestra aleatoria sistemática por familia, como unidad muestral, con un intervalo de confianza de 95,9 % de los pacientes de seis consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia del área de salud del Policlínico “19 de Abril”, en Ciudad de La Habana , para un estudio analítico y de tipo caso-control, con el fin de conocer el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo más frecuentes en las enfermedades del corazón, cerebrovascular y en la hipertensión arterial. La población del estudio resultó en vejez demográfica con 27,33 % de los mayores de 60 años, y un predominio del sexo femenino con 56,82. La prevalencia de las enfermedades del corazón fue de 2,93 y de la cerebrovascular 0,53 %. Ambas se incrementaron con la edad, las primeras más frecuentes en el sexo femenino y las segundas en el masculino. En relación con el sexo, el hábito de fumar y el alcoholismo prevalecieron en el masculino y el resto en el femenino. Estos dos factores estuvieron asociados solamente con la enfermedad cardiovascular; el resto de ellos con las tres enfermedades. Fueron la hipercolesterolemia, la hipertensión arterial (HTA) , la diabetes 2, seguidas por la obesidad y el sedentarismo, en ese orden, los factores de riesgo de mayor fuerza de asociación y con más altos porcentajes del factor etiológico de riesgo. En los resultados de este trabajo se demuestra la fuerza de la asociación de los factores de riesgo seleccionados con las enfermedades estudiadas y se señala cuánto pudiera disminuir la carga de estas enfermedades, si se previenen o eliminan estos factores con la aplicación del enfoque de riesgo mediante las acciones de prevención primaria o primordial, secundaria y terciaria. Se requiere, además, que se realicen los esfuerzos para la promoción y la detección temprana de estos riesgos, muy especialmente en los jóvenes y en los menores de 15 años de edad.
The present paper was aimed at identifying the behaviour of the most important risk factors for heart & cerebrovascular diseases in a community cared for by physicians and nurses. As a sampling unit, a systematic random sample per family was taken (confidence interval 95,9%) from patients of six family physician´s offices located in the health area of "19 de Abril" polyclinics in the City of Havana. This sample was used in an analytical and case-control study to find out the behavior of the most frequent risk factors for heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases. The study population showed demographic aging with 27,33% of over 60 years-old persons, being females predominant with 56,82 % of the population Prevalence of heart diseases and of cerebrovascular diseases were 2,93 % and 0,53 % respectively. Both diseases increase their prevalence rates with age, the former were more frequent in females and the latter in males. As to sex analysis, smoking and alcoholism predominanted in males and the rest in females. These two factors were only associated to cardiovasular diseases but the rest of them related with the three types of diseases. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes 2, obesity and sedentary lifestyle, by this order, were the most associated risk factors with high percentages of etiological risk factor. The outcomes of this paper demonstrate the strong association of the selected risk factors with the studied diseases; they also indicated how much the burden of these diseases will lower if these factors are prevented or eliminated, by applying the risk approach through primary, secondary and tertiary pervention actions. It is also required that efforts are made in favor of promotion and early detection of these risks, particularly in young people and under 15 years-old teenagers.
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Objective To explore the epidemic characters of Pathological Internet Usage (PIU) in the newly enrolled post-graduates and further to detect the relationship between PIU and relative social environment, etc., so as to provide more evidence for the etiology of PIU. Methods Questionnaire was conducted in 556 newly enrolled post-graduate students of a medical university. The recovery rate of the valid questionnaires was 94.72%, and the data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression. Results The rate of internet-utilizing students in recent one year was 95.3%, thereinto, 5.3% of them was with internet addiction disorder. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the major impact factors were gamble, playing games, the heavy study pressure, psychoticism personality characteristic tendency and low self-respect, the OR values (95%CI) were 13.966 (1.662~117.835), 3.440 (1.401~8.450), 1.249 (1.096~1.423), 0.889 (0.821~0.963) and 2.749 (1.167~6.475), respectively (all P
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria in general ICU then discuss the susceptible factors and the treatment.METHODS A retrospective analysis of clinical information was performed on patients with Gram-positive infection in ICU from May 2002 to May 2004.RESULTS Most of Gram-positive bacteria resulted in infection in general ICU were Staphylococcus aureus and all of them were MRSA.The infective site focused on lower respiratory tract(84.44%).The second was catheter(8.89%).CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of hospital-acquired infection are relative with patient's age,underlying diseases,stay time in ICU,ventilated time and invasive operation.
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Objective To investigate the related factors and the preventive measures of choroidal detachment after glaucoma filtering surgery. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients (10 eyes) with choroidal detachment out of 337 patients (378 eyes) undergoing glaucoma filtering surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 8 patients (10 eyes) with choroidal detachment, acute angle closure glaucoma was found in 3 patients (3 eyes), chronic angle closure glaucoma in 4 patients (6 eyes), and neovascular glaucoma in 1 patient (1 eye). The youngest was 51 years old and the oldest was 73 years old with an average age of (65.25?5.58) years old. Of the 8 patients, primary hypertension was found in 1 patient, type Ⅱ diabetes in 4 patients (diabetes patients combined with hypertension in 3 out of the 4 patients). Intraocular pressure of 3 patients (4 eyes) was regulated to the normal level [(22.38-24.38) mmHg] by medicine before operation. The remaining 5 patients (6 eyes) underwent operation at high intraocular pressure [(35.76-50.10) mmHg]. Choroidal detachment occurred at 1-11 d, (5.25?2.2) d in average. Shallow anterior chambers of 6 eyes treated by medicine therapy recovered within 5-10 d, (7.5?1.04) d in average. Shallow anterior chamber of 4 eyes treated by surgery recovered within 1-6 d, (3.65?1.45) d in average. Conclusion Occurrence of the choroidal detachment after glaucoma filtering surgery is associated with many factors, such as high intraocular pressure before operation, diabetes, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. The preventive measures of choroidal detachment after glaucoma filtering surgery include: controlling intraocular pressure as low as possible before operation, avoiding sudden reduced intraoculer pressure during operation, forming anterior chamber at the end of operation, using releasable scleral flap sutures, adopting corticosteroid and ciliary muscle anaesthetics after operation, and avoiding mental stress.
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Objective To study the relative factors of concomitant depression after stroke.Methods Using Geriatric depression Scale(GDS) and SSS,we scored 121 storke cases who were treated from January 2001 to December 2001, in which 54 cases were concomitant with depression, assessed defect and promotion degree of nervous function, and observed relationship between number of lesion and onset of depression.Result Incidence of depression of cerebral hemarrhage patients was apparently higher than that of cerebral infarction patients (P< 0.05), there was no apparent difference in lesion location and concomitant depression (P >0.05), incidence of concomitant depression of stroke patients with multiple lesions was apparently higher than that of stroke patients with single lesion.Conclusion Concomitant depression of stroke patients is related to location, number of lesions and severity of stroke.
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Objective To explore the relative factors and prognosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Methods The clinical data of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of 502 inpatients from January 1990 to September 2004 were statistically analyzed. Results Males and middle-aged patients with hepatic cirrhosis occurred upper gastrointestinal bleeding more frequently, and the most commom causes were vessel rupture of esophage or gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and peptic ulcer. The most common complications of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were severe bleeding shock, hepatic encephaopathy, hepatorenal syndrome,etc. Drinking wine and NSAIDs were the most common inducements of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The efficient rate of medical management was 89.84%,the death rate was 10.16%, and the most common death causes were shock of severe bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. Conclusion Sex,age, and season,etc. were related to upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Bleeding causes, liver function, complications, and age, etc. were factors affecting prognosis.
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Objective To analyze the relationship between autism children and their familial factors,perinatal period high risk factors,blood lead level.Methods Familial factors,perinatal period high risk factors were investigated by autism risk factors questionnaire on 35 autism children diagnosed by diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder(DSM-Ⅳ,4th ed) and 35 age and sex-matched healthy children;blood lead level were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Results Maternal drug-taken history in pregnancy,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal jaundice and other factors were significantly related to children autism(Pa