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Perilla frutescens is one of traditional Chinese diaphoretics, and is produced in many areas of China. The chemical composition is rich in P. frutescens, including volatile oil, aliphatic acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, coloring matter and so on. Because of the function of relieving superficial pathogenic factors to dissipate cold and promoting qi flowing to regulate the stomach, P. frutescens can be used to treat the diseases of wind-cold, stagnation of gastrosplenic qi, vomiting and poisoning by eating fish and crab. The study showed that P. frutescens exhibited the effects which related with the traditional uses of relieving cough, bacteriostasis, relieving fever, analgesia, etc., and besides, it showed a few new founded effects, such as sedative effects, antioxidative effects, effects of reducing blood pressure, and regulating glucose/lipid metabolism. This paper summarized the research progess on the chemical composition and main pharmacological activities of P. frutescens, and discussed its therapeutic material basis based on the summarise, which could provide a reference for the development of P. frutescens.
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Objective: To observe the relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia and evaluate the safety preliminarily.Methods: The relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia were studied by the cough model caused by the irritation of ammonia water and the phenol red output of trachea in mice.The acute toxicity test and maximum tolerance test were carried out to evaluate the safety.Results: The total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia at low dose could obviously prolong cough incubation period and decrease cough times in mice, and that at high dose could significantly increase the secretion of phenol red in respiratory tract, and compared with those in the blank group, the differences were statistically significant (P0.05).Conclusion: The relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia are notable in the cough model caused by the irritation of ammonia water and the phenol red output of trachea in mice.The maximum tolerable dose test shows the total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia is safe.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the relieving cough and eliminating phlegm effects of stemoninine combined with mogrosideⅤ on mice,and select its optimal ratio. METHODS:70 mice were selected in each experiment and randomly divided into 7 groups,namely solvent group(normal saline), codeine(15 mg/kg)or ambroxol(30 mg/kg)group(positive control),stemoni-nine group(30 mg/kg),mogroside Ⅴ group(30 mg/kg),stemoninine-mogroside Ⅴ combination group(30 mg/kg)with mass ra-tio of 2:1,1:1,1:2,ig,once a day. Ammonia-induced cough experiment(positive drug was codeine)and tracheal phenol red ex-cretion experiment(positive drug was ambroxol)were respectively conducted. Using cough latent period,cough times and volume of tracheal phenol red excretion as indexes,the antitussive and expectorant effects of drug in each group were compared. RE-SULTS:Compared with solvent group,cough latent period was obviously shortened,cough times was obviously reduced,volume of tracheal phenol red excretion was obviously increased in each administration group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with mogro-side Ⅴ group,cough latent period was obviously shortened,cough times was obviously reduced in stemoninine-mogroside Ⅴgroup with different mass ratios(P<0.05),and 2:1,1:1 groups showed the best effects. Compared with stemoninine group,vol-ume of tracheal phenol red excretion was obviously increased in stemoninine-mogroside Ⅴ group with different mass ratios (P<0.05),and 1:1,1:2 groups showed the best effects. CONCLUSIONS:The combination of temoninine and mogroside Ⅴ shows synergistic effects on relieving cough and eliminating phlegm,stemoninine-mogrosideⅤmass ratio of 2:1,1:1 can be used as pre-ferred combination of reference.
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Objective To observe the effects of the ethanol extract of thunberg fritillary leaf (EETFL) and the ethanol extract of thunberg fritillary flower (EETFF) on relieving cough, sputum elimination and relieving asthma. Methods The cough relieving effects of EETFL and EETFF were studied in mouse cough model caused by ammonia water and in guinea pig cough model caused by citric acid. The sputum elimination effects of EETFL and EETFF were researched by the observation of tracheal phenol red shedding in mice. The asthma relieving effects were tested by spraying method in guinea pigs. Results EETFL can obviously inhibit the incubation period and cough frequency of the model mice and guinea pigs induced by ammonia water and citric acid (P<0.05), and significantly improve the tracheal phenol red excretion volume in mice (P<0.05), and obviously prolong the incubation period of asthma (P<0.05). EETFF can obviously inhibit the incubation period and cough frequency of the model mice and guinea pigs induced by ammonia water and citric acid (P<0.05), and significantly improve the tracheal phenol red excretion volume in mice (P<0.05), but EETFF couldn’t prolong the incubation period of asthma evidently. Conclusion EETFL has obvious activity of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma. EETFF has obvious activity of relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, but EETFF has no anti-asthmatic activity under the current dose.
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Objective To study the relieving cough and reducing phlegm effects and acute toxicity of the Kujyukekuan mixtures. Methods The method used in our study is a cough model induced by the ammonia water , the phenol red test in mice, the mouse pinna swelling model induced by xylene and the maximum tolerant dose experiment. Results In antitussive experiments, R value of Kujyukekuan mixtures at low, medium and high dose of was 112. 26%, 143. 29%, 162. 07%, respectively regarding as ineffective, effective and marked effective;Kujyukekuan mixtures at medium and high doses increased the excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein in the trachea of mice (compared with the normal control group, P<0. 05 or P<0. 01),the results showed good concentration-response relationship;Kujyukekuan mixtures at low, medium and high dose significantly reduced mouse auricle swelling caused by xylene (compared with normal control group, P<0. 01), the results presented a good concentration-response relationship;the MTD of Kujyukekuan mixture was 326. 76 g·kg-1. Conclusion Kujyukekuan mixtures at medium and high doses exert significant eliminating cough and phlegm effects and strong anti-inflammatory property, and has a good security.
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AIM: To study antiasthmatic effect of citral from aqueous extract of fruit of cubeb litsea tree and its mechanism.METHODS: By inducing asthma with Ach-histamine method in guinea pig,cough with ammonia in mice and the output quantity of phenol red from the trachea in mice,the antiasthmatic was observed,preventing cough and eliminating phlegm effect of citral. By measuring the tension of guinea-pig isolated tracheal rings,the both influence of citral was observed on isolated guinea pig tracheal rings and inhibition's effects of citral on contraction induced by Ach.RESULTS: Citral prolonged apparently the incubation period of asthma due to Ach-histamine solution in guinea pig and the coughing incubation period,reduced coughing frequency induced by ammonia in mice,increased excretion of phenol red from the respiratory tract in mice,inhibited the constrictions induced by Ach,and shifted the dose-effect curves of Ach to the right.CONCLUSION: Citral has functions of expelling phlegm,relieving cough and resisting asthma,satisfactory bronchi spasmolysis.
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Object To inquire into the effect on pharmacology of Gejie Dingchuan Capsule (GJDCC). Methods The observation of relieving cough and asthma, removing phlegm, immunity, antibiosis and antiinflammation, antianaphylaxis, and acute and long-term toxicity was carried out. Results GJDCC could resist the convulsion of the isolated trachea of guinea pigs, lengthen the asthma incubation period of guinea pigs, increase the phlegm liquid secreting capacity of isolated rat trachea, promote the pigeon trachea cilium motion, lengthen the mice cough incubation period, restrain the mice ear swelling and rat swelling hyperplasia of granulation, promote the mice producing of serum hemolysin and the lymphocyte conversion rate, and reduce the guinea pig allergic reaction index and shock death rate. It possessed the bacteriostasis, the biggest capacity of bearing consumption was 500 times the clinical daily use and in long-term toxicity test there were not the clear toxicity reactions. Conclusion GJDCC has the function of relieving asthma and cough, removing phlegm, antibiosis and antiinflammation, antianaphylaxis and immunity, without poisonous side effect.
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Objective To study the effects of Wenshen Kechuan Tablets in relieving cough and asthma, and to make a preliminary investigation of its therapeutic mechanism. Methods The actions of relieving cough and asthma were studied with the cough model induced by ammonia water, asthma model induced by histamine- acetylcholine, asthma model induced by ovalbumin. In addition, the phenolsulfonphthalein excretion and lung overfall were measured. The therapeutic mechanism of Wenshen Kechuan Tablets was studied with the kidney- yang- insufficiency model induced by cortisol and the model of emasculated male mice. Results Wenshen Kechuan Tablets could significantly prolong the cough latent period and cough times within 3 min and increase phenol red secretion from trachea in cough model induced by ammonia water. Wenshen Kechuan Tablets could significantly prolong the asthma latent period and relieve spasm in guinea pigs with histamine- acetylcholine- induced asthma, prolong spasm latent period and reduce shock attack and lung overfall volume in guinea pigs with ovalbumin- induced asthma. Wenshen Kechuan Tablets had a protective effect on whole behavior and body weight increase in model mouse of insufficiency of kidney- yang, and show some androgen- like biological activity in emasculated male mice. Conclusion Wenshen Kechuan Tablets have obvious actions of relieving cough and asthma, the effects may be achieved by warming kidney- yang or by androgen- like biological activity.
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AIM: To observe the effect of JXFG(Radix Bupleuri, Radix Seutellariae, etc.) on anti-bacteria and anti-virus actions. METHODS: Tube culture was used to study the anti-bacteria effect of JXFG. The model of mouse infected by pathogenic bacteria was established to examine the anti-bacteria effects of JXFG. RESULTS: The anti-bacteria experiments of JXFG in vitro and vivo showed that JXFG had strong an effect on inhibiting pneumococcus. It had significant the effect of inhibiting cells pathologic change induced by varies varies common respiratory virus. CONCLUSION: JXFG hax the effect of inhibiting common bacteria and virus of respiratory tract, and has the effect of resolving heat, relieving pain, analgesia, removing phlegm and relieving cough.