Effects of acute caffeine ingestion on the physical performance of amateur american football athletes / Efeitos da ingestão aguda de cafeína no desempenho de atletas amadores de futebol americano

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine ingestion (5 mg.kg-1) on jump, isometric strength and repeated sprint performance in amateur American football athletes. Twelve players (24.6 ± 3.66 years and 115.18 ± 24.35 kg of body weight) ingested a dose of caffeine (5 mg.kg−1) or placebo 60 min prior to a testing session consisting of: 1) countermovement jump (CMJ); 2) isometric mid-tight pull (IMTP); and 3) 3-line drills (200-yd shuttle runs with a 2-minute rest between sprints). Two testing sessions were performed using a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design during a pre-season training camp. Results indicated: Caffeine ingestion improved CMJ performance (p = 0.035), but no differences were observed on IMTP strength (p = 0.22) and line drill performance (total time: p = 0.65, and fatigue (%): p = 0.75) when compared to placebo condition. Conclusion: Acute caffeine ingestion improved jump performance, but not isometric strength and repeated sprint with change-of-direction performance in amateur American Football athletes.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da ingestão aguda de cafeína (5 mg.kg-1) no salto, força isométrica e desempenho de sprints repetidos em atletas amadores de futebol americano. Doze jogadores (24,6 6 ± 3.66 anos e 115,18 ± 24.35 kg de peso corporal) ingeriram uma dose de cafeína (5 mg.kg−1) ou placebo 60 minutos antes de uma sessão de testes que consistia em: 1) Salto contramovimento (CMJ); 2) Meio-agachamento isométrico (IMTP); 3) Corrida de agilidade em L (3-line drill = corrida de agilidade de 200 jardas com 2 minutos de repouso entre os sprints). Duas sessões de teste foram realizadas usando um delineamento cruzado duplo-cego durante o período de pré-temporada de treinamento. Resultados indicaram: A ingestão de cafeína melhorou o desempenho do CMJ (p = 0,035), mas não foram observadas diferenças na força no IMTP (p = 0,22) e no desempenho do exercício de agilidade em L (tempo total: p = 0,65 e fadiga (%): p = 0,75) quando em comparação com a condição placebo. Conclusão: A ingestão aguda de cafeína melhorou o desempenho no salto, mas não na força isométrica e no desempenho de sprints repetidos com mudança de direção em atletas amadores de futebol Americano.

The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney

Purpose: This study evaluated the DNA damage caused by repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in the liver and kidneys. Methods: In this study, 60 rats were used. The rats were divided into group 1 (xylazine-ketamine), and group 2 (medetomidine-ketamine), and these anesthetic combinations were administered to the rats at repeated doses with 30-min intervals. The effects of these anesthetic agents on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene for DNA damage were investigated. Results: According to the gene expression results, it was observed that a single dose of xylazine-ketamine was 2.9-fold expressed, while first and second repeat doses did not show significant changes in expression levels. However, in the case of the third repetition, it was observed to be 3.8-fold overexpressed. In the case of medetomidine-ketamine administration, it was observed that a single-dose application resulted in a 1.04-fold expression, while the first and the third repeat doses showed a significant down expression. The samples from the second repeat dose administration group were found to have insignificant levels of expression. Conclusions: This study can contribute to understanding the safe anesthetic combination in research and operations in which xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine combinations are used.

SUN Shen-tian's clinical experience in treating Tourette's syndrome with acupuncture / 中国针灸

To introduce the clinical experience of professor SUN Shen-tian in treatment of Tourette's syndrome (TS) with acupuncture. TS is a psychosomatic disease and the core pathogenesis refers to blood deficiency producing internal wind. The disease is located in the heart and liver. Acupoints are selected according to the functional orientation of the cerebral cortex. The extrapyramidal system area is preferred for tic disorder, and the emotional area is for behavioral disorder. The treatment focuses on regulating the mind by multiple methods, including manual needling technique used the transcranial repeated acupuncture, and regulating the mind by taking multiple acupoints, Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7) and Dazhong (KI 4) are stimulated. For abdominal twitching and mental symptoms of TS children, the first and third abdominal areas are selected. The target symptoms (biao) are treated specially by local acupoints, the combination of the starting and ending acupoints of the affected meridian, or the acupoints of the meridians with same name. The modified chaihu longgu muli decoction and siwu decoction are prescribed to sooth liver, nourish blood and soothe wind. In association with the characteristics and target symptoms of TS, the sequential therapy is used with filiform needling, intradermal needling, Chinese herbal medication and psychotherapy.

Meta-analysis of repeated low-level red light therapy for retarding myopia progression in children / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy on controlling the progression of myopia in children.Methods:Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrial.gov and the CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) were searched from their establishment to September 2022 to obtain the randomized controlled trial (RCT) about RLRL controlling myopia progression in children.Grey literature was also searched.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed according to the PICOS principle.Two researchers screened the literature independently, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias.The data were imported into RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis.Mean and standard deviation of data were used to obtain mean differences and 95% confidence intervals of included studies.Changes in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) were compared between before and after the intervention in RLRL and single-vision spectacle (experimental group) and single-vision spectacle (control group). The GRADE system was used to grade the quality of evidence for the outcome indicators.Results:A total of 157 studies were obtained.After the screening, 7 RCT studies including 1 038 study subjects met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis results showed that retarded SE progression was retarded and AL elongation was reduced significantly after different follow-up durations (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months) in experimental group compared with control group.As the follow-up duration extended from 1 month to 24 months, the retard of SE progression increased from 0.14 to 0.93 D, and the reduction of AL increased from 0.07 to 0.48 mm.Both 635 and 650 nm red light significantly retarded SE progression and reduced AL elongation.The two outcome indicators, SE change and AL change were moderate-strength evidence by GRADE.Conclusions:The current moderate-strength evidence shows that RLRL can better retard myopia progression in children than single-vision spectacle glasses.

Research progress in prevention and treatment of repeated implantation failure by TCM compounds based on "Yu Pei Qi Sun" theory / 国际中医中药杂志

Women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) may experience repeated implantation failure (RIF). Under the guidance of "Yu Pei Qi Sun" theory, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds can improve the quality of sperm and eggs of both husband and wife by anti-oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function and reducing excessive apoptosis before IVF-ET to obtain high-quality embryos; TCM compounds can also promote angiogenesis, anti-oxidative stress, regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor content, regulate immunity to improve female endometrial receptivity to facilitate embryo implantation; it can also invigorate the spleen and kidney after transplantation and caring for the fetus to help implantation, as well as alleviate the anxiety of patients during transplantation.

Repeated transcranial acupuncture combined with electroacupuncture for flat descending sudden deafness: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of repeated transcranial acupuncture combined with electroacupuncture on flat descending sudden deafness.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 patients with flat descending sudden deafness were randomly divided into an acupuncture and medication group (39 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a western medication group (39 cases, 1 case dropped off). Patients in the western medication group were treated with glucocorticoid + batroxobin + ginkgo leaf preparation. On the basis of the western medication group, patients in the acupuncture and medication group were treated with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Ningshen, Yunting area, Mastoid 1 point, Mastoid 2 point, Fengchi (GB 20), Gongxue, Tinghui (GB 2), etc., repeated transcranial acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Ningshen and Yunting area; Mastoid 1 point and Mastoid 2 point, Fengchi (GB 20) and Gongxue of the affected side were connected to the electroacupuncture instrument, continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency. The needle was retained for 30 min, once a day, and rest for 1 d after 6 d of continuous treatment. All patients were treated for 3 weeks. The average hearing threshold, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) score, dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) score and speech discrimination test score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical effect was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the average hearing threshold, THI and DHI scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and above indexes in the acupuncture and medication group were lower than those in the western medication group (P<0.05). The speech discrimination test scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the score in the acupuncture and medication group was higher than that in the western medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 87.2% (34/39) in the acupuncture and medication group, which was higher than 74.4% (29/39) in the western medication group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Repeated transcranial acupuncture combined with electroacupuncture can improve the hearing level of patients with flat descending sudden deafness, relieve tinnitus and vertigo symptoms.

HBV infection among blood donors from 18 domestic blood stations of prefecture-level cities / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection data of blood donors from 18 domestic blood stations, so as to investigate the HBV infection situation of blood donors. 【Methods】 The positive rate of HBV and its distribution characteristics of regions, the percentage of HBsAg+ ELISA in first-time vs repeated blood donors, and the percentage of HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ blood donors of 18 domestic blood stations during 2017 to 2020 were collected from the Working Platform for Practice Comparison of Blood Centers, and the HBV infection among blood donors were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, the positive rate of HBV in blood donors among 18 domestic blood stations was 13.48/10 000-144.02/10 000, with the average HBV positive rate in eastern, central and western region at 26.14/10 000, 51.98/10 000 and 41.00/10 000, respectively. The HBsAg+ rate by ELISA among first-time and repeated blood donors was 14.55/10 000-305.39/10 000 vs 1.04/10 000-87.43/10 000 The HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ yield was 1.80/10 000-35.31/10 000. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of HBV infection in blood donors has regional characteristics, and HBV prevalence was low in repeated blood donors. HBsAg ELISA combined with HBV DNA detection can better ensure blood safety.

Analysis on the characteristics of rural blood donation population in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the status and characteristics of voluntary blood donors in rural areas of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (referred as Dali), and to provide basis for scientific and effective voluntary blood donation in rural population in regions inhabited by ethnic groups. 【Methods】 The data of rural blood donors who donated blood in Dali from 2010 to 2019 were collected, including demographic data as nationality, gender, age, educational background, as well as the blood donation frequency and blood infection screening (index) results. The above data of urban blood donors who donated blood in Dali during the same period were selected to investigate the increasing trend of blood donation rate. SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis of the collected data of rural and urban blood donation population. 【Results】 From 2010 to 2019,the number of blood donors in Dali increased from 13 949 to 19 479,with an increasing rate of 39.64%. The number of rural blood donors increased from 2 623 to 8 727,among which the number of ethnic minority groups increased from 1 779 to 5 059.The ratio of male to female blood donors was 70.30% (1 844/2 623) vs 29.70% (779/2 623) in 2010,56.37% (4 919/8 727) vs 43.63%(3 808/8 727) in 2019. Those with educational level of junior middle school or below were the most, accounted for 43.97%(38 443/85 836),with ethnic donors of 24.47%(23 583/85 836). The proportion of donors aged between 36 and 45 was the highest[40.73% (30 477/74 827) ], with ethnic donors of [28.56% (21 374/74 827), and the proportion of repeated blood donors was 54.87%(35 279/64 299),with ethnic donors of 49.89%(18 080/36 240) [the proportion of repeated blood donors in urban donors in the same period was 48.13% (55 677/115 675) ] (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 It is of great significance to explore the characteristics of blood donors in rural areas (especially regions inhabited by ethnic groups) and the reasons for disqualification, in order to scientifically carry out the recruitment of voluntary blood donors and further promote blood donation for rural residents

Cellular and humoral immune status of thalassemia children with repeated blood transfusion in Yunnan province / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the changes in cellular immunity (peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets) and humoral immunity (serum immunoglobulin and ferritin) status among children with thalassemia who received repeated transfusions in Yunnan. 【Methods】 Forty-six children with thalassemia who underwent repeated blood transfusions from January 2020 to October 2022 were selected as the observation group. Forty children with thalassemia who did not receive blood transfusion were included in control group 1, and 46 healthy children underwent physical examination were included in control group 2. The differences in lymphocyte subsets, serum immunoglobulin levels and ferritin concentrations were compared among the three groups. 【Results】 For lymphocyte subsets: CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group was lower than the control group 1 and 2: 57.60±8.36 vs 64.57±7.56 vs 66.58±5.65, 33.16±5.67 vs 38.62±8.36 vs 38.62±6.41 and 1.49±0.09 vs 2.32±0.15 vs 2.13±0.16, respectively; CD16+ CD56+ in the observation group was lower than the control group 2: 11.21±5.06 vs 16.70±7.92; CD8+ in the observation group was higher than control group 1 and control group 2: 26.63± 1.75 vs 20.60±1.43 vs 18.92±0.84; CD19+ in the observation group was higher than the control group 2: 24.06±6.42 vs 19.67 ±8.42, P<0.05, but no significant difference was noticed between the two control groups(P>0.05). For serum immunoglobulin and ferritin: IgG and ferritin in the observation group were higher than control group 1 and control group 2: 10.59±3.88 vs 7.02±3.88 vs 5.58±1.98 and 2 037.37±1 377.59 vs 72.63±56.71 vs 59.48±33.88. IgA in the observation group was higher than the control group 2: 1.06±0.92 vs 0.39±0.32(P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed between the two control groups (P>0.05). The difference of IgM and IgE between the three groups was not significant (P > 0. 05). 【Conclusion】 The proportion of lymphocyte subsets in thalassemia children with repeated blood transfusion was imbalanced,and the level of immunoglobulin in humoral immunity was abnormal.

Role of CypD-mediated mPTP in melatonin improving cognitive impairment induced by repeated exposure to sevoflurane / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the involvement of cy-clophilin D ( CypD ) -mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mPTP) in the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on cognitive impairment induced by repeated exposure to sevoflurane in newborn animals. Methods Mice were randomly assigned into control group, sevoflurane ( Sevo) group, and melatonin pre-treatment + sevoflurane ( Sevo + Mel) group. JC-1 kit was used to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) ; Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein expressions of CypD, postsynaptic density protein 95 ( PSD95 ), and Synapsin-1; and behavioral test were employed to measure cognitive function. Results The MMP level in the Sevo group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P < 0. 01 ), the expression of CypD increased (P <0. 05), whereas the expression of PSD95 and Synapsin-1 decreased ( P < 0. 01) . Furthermore, the new object recognition index and spatial memory ability both exhibited a significant decline (P < 0. 01, P < 0. 05). However, when compared to the Sevo group, Sevo + Mel group could raise the MMP level (P <0. 01), increase the expression of synaptic proteins ( P < 0. 05 ), decrease the expression of CypD (P <0. 01) and elevate the new object recognition index and the spatial memory capacity ( P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions Melatonin could ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by repeated exposure to sevoflurane in newborn mice, and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to the inhibition of mPTP mediated by CypD and the promotion of synaptic protein synthesis.

Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Erzhi Tiangui Prescription in Treatment of Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure of Kidney Deficiency Syndrome Based on sPD-1 and Th17/Treg Cytokines / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of Erzhi Tiangui prescription on repeated implantation failure （RIF） of kidney deficiency syndrome. MethodSeventy patients with RIF of kidney deficiency syndrome who underwent natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer （FET） in the Reproductive and Genetic Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled and randomly divided into a treatment group （35 cases） and a control group （35 cases）. Patients in the treatment group took oral Erzhi Tiangui prescription from the third day of each menstrual cycle two months before the FET cycle and continued to take it until the day of transplantation from the third day of the menstrual cycle in the month of transplantation. Those in the control group did not accept traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In addition，10 patients who successfully achieved clinical pregnancy after the first natural cycle FET were screened from the reproductive medical record bank of this hospital and assigned to the normal group. Peripheral blood samples of patients in the three groups on the day of embryo transfer were collected from the specimen bank of the Reproductive and Genetic Center. Serum soluble programmed death molecule-1 （sPD-1），soluble programmed death molecule-ligand 1 （sPD-L1），transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β），interleukin-17 （IL-17）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The changes in kidney deficiency syndrome scores， the final biochemical pregnancy rates， clinical pregnancy rates， and embryo implantation rates of the treatment group and the control group before and after treatment were observed. ResultCompared with the normal group，the model group showed increased serum levels of sPD-1 and IL-17（r=0.347，P<0.05），decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β （P<0.01），and non-significant change in sPD-L1 level. Serum sPD-1 was positively correlated with IL-17 （P<0.05） and negatively correlated with IL-10（r=-0.521，P<0.01） and TGF-β（r=-0.457，P<0.01） in RIF patients with kidney deficiency syndrome. After TCM treatment，compared with the control group， the treatment group showed improved TCM syndrome score （P<0.05） and increased clinical pregnancy rate and embryo transfer rate（P<0.05），but there was no statistically significant difference in the biochemical pregnancy rate between the two groups. ConclusionAbnormal expression of sPD-1 in patients with RIF of kidney deficiency syndrome breaks the balance of T helper 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cell （Treg），which is not conducive to embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Erzhi Tiangui prescription，a TCM for tonifying the kidney，can significantly improve the symptoms of kidney deficiency in patients with RIF of kidney deficiency syndrome，reduce the concentrations of sPD-1 and IL-17 in the peripheral serum，increase the levels of TGF-β and IL-10，regulate the peripheral Th17/Treg immune balance，and increase the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate，which has a high clinical value.

Effect of acupuncture combined with low frequency rTMS on comorbid mild-to-moderate depressive disorder and insomnia: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the impacts of acupuncture on depressive mood and sleep quality in patients with comorbid mild-to-moderate depressive disorder and insomnia, and explore its effect mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with comorbid mild-to-moderate depressive disorder and insomnia were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the observation group, acupuncture and low frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were combined for the intervention. Acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 24+), Neiguan (PC 6) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc., the needles were retained for 30 min; and the intradermal needles were embedded at Xinshu (BL 15) and Danshu (BL 19) for 2 days. After acupuncture, the rTMS was delivered at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC), with 1 Hz and 80% of movement threshold, lasting 30 min in each treatment. In the control group, the sham-acupuncture was adopted, combined with low frequency rTMS. The acupoint selection and manipulation were the same as the observation group. In the two groups, acupuncture was given once every two days, 3 times weekly; while, rTMS was operated once daily, for consecutive 5 days a week. The duration of treatment consisted of 4 weeks. Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores were observed before and after treatment, as well as 1 month after the treatment completion (follow-up period) separately. Besides, the levels of nerve growth factor (BDNF) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the serum were detected before and after treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment and in follow-up, the HAMD-17 scores were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the total scores and the scores of each factor of PSQI were reduced in the two groups in comparison with those before treatment except for the score of sleep efficiency in the control group (P<0.05); the total PSQI score and the scores for sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the follow-up, except for the scores of sleep duration and sleep efficiency in the control group, the total PSQI score and the scores of all the other factors were reduced compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05); the total PSQI score and the scores of sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum BDNF and GABA were increased in comparison with those before treatment in the observation group (P<0.05), and the level of serum BDNF was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture relieves depressive mood and improves sleep quality in patients with comorbid mild-to-moderate depressive disorder and insomnia. The effect mechanism may be related to the regulation of BDNF and GABA levels and the promotion of brain neurological function recovery.

Procedimiento clínico-quirúrgico en una paciente embarazada con una derivación urológica compleja. Reporte de un caso / Clinical-surgical approach in a pregnant patient with complex urological diversion. A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El mielomeningocele es el defecto del tubo neural más frecuente; se registra un caso por cada 1000 nacidos vivos. Es más frecuente en mujeres, que resultan con secuelas discapacitantes, entre ellas las urológicas. Pueden subsanarse con diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas y derivaciones urológicas complejas que las predispone a infecciones de vías urinarias de repetición y, cuando hay embarazo, complicaciones materno-fetales y dificultad para el acceso quirúrgico, en caso de cesárea. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente con 14 semanas de embarazo, 27 años de edad, con diagnóstico de mielomeningocele y vesicoplastia, con múltiples infecciones urinarias y ruptura de membranas pretérmino. Finalización del embarazo por cesárea a las 33 semanas, por indicación de las condiciones fetales. La técnica de la cesárea se modificó para no dañar la cistoplastia y evitar complicaciones con las adherencias en la pelvis. CONCLUSIONES: El mejor pronóstico materno-fetal en pacientes con derivación urológica compleja se consigue con la búsqueda intencionada de infecciones urinarias y tratamiento oportuno y adecuado, además de una planificación multidisciplinaria al momento de la finalización del embarazo.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Myelomeningocele is the most common neural tube defect; one case per 1000 live births is reported. It is more frequent in females, resulting in disabling sequelae, including urological sequelae. They can be corrected with different surgical techniques and complex urological derivations that predispose them to repeated urinary tract infections and, when there is pregnancy, maternal-fetal complications and difficulty for surgical access, in case of cesarean section. CLINICAL CASE: Patient 14 weeks pregnant, 27 years old, diagnosed with myelomeningocele and vesicoplasty, with multiple urinary tract infections and preterm rupture of membranes. Termination of pregnancy by cesarean section at 33 weeks, due to fetal conditions. The cesarean section technique was modified so as not to damage the cystoplasty and to avoid complications with adhesions in the pelvis. CONCLUSIONS: The best maternal-fetal prognosis in patients with complex urologic diversion is achieved with the intentional search for urinary tract infections and timely and adequate treatment, in addition to multidisciplinary planning at the time of termination of pregnancy.

Acute effects of different intervals between repeated sprints on performance responses in amateur futsal athletes / Efeitos agudos de diferentes intervalos entre sprint repetidos sobre as respostas de desempenho em atletas amadores de futsal

ABSTRACT Objective: Verify the influence of different break times between sprints on the performance of amateur futsal athletes. Methods: 10 individuals, men, amateur futsal athletes (Age: 21.5 ± 1.6; Weight: 72.4 ± 6.88; Height: 1.72 ± 0.05; BMI: 24.3 ± 1.2; Fat%: 13.7 ± 3.3, VO2peak: 49.1 ± 10.5) participated in the study. Individuals were randomly selected to perform sessions with sprints (10 sets 20 m) with different pause times of 15 (S15), 30 (S30) and 60 (S60) seconds. For performance analysis, the speed (km / h) applied to each sprint was used and monitored by a device with a photocell (CEFISE Biotecnologia Esportiva®). Results: There was an interaction between speed and interval time (p = 0.000). For condition S15, a greater reduction in performance was observed (p ≤ 0.05), while for S30 and S60, no significant reduction in performance was observed (p > 0.05). The data for the area under the curve showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), where the interval of 60 s (S60) was longer compared to the values of 30 (S30) (p = 0.000) and 15 s (S15) (p = 0.000). However, there were no significant differences between the 30 and 15 s data (p = 0.248). Conclusion: A shorter time (15 s) interval between repeated sprints can significantly affect performance compared to longer breaks (30 and 60 s), but all the conditions tested here can be positive for the improvement of performance, mainly in sports that demand fast and efficient motor actions such as futsal.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a influência dos diferentes tempos de intervalo entre os sprints no desempenho dos atletas de futsal amadores. Métodos: 10 indivíduos, homens, atletas de futsal amadores (Idade: 21,5 ± 1,6; Peso: 72,4 ± 6,88; Altura: 1,72 ± 0,05; IMC: 24,3 ± 1,2; Gordura%: 13,7 ± 3,3, VO2peak: 49,1 ± 10,5) participou no estudo. Os indivíduos foram selecionados aleatoriamente para realizar sessões com sprints (10 conjuntos 20 m) com diferentes tempos de pausa de 15 (S15), 30 (S30) e 60 (S60) segundos. Para análise do desempenho, a velocidade (km/h) aplicada a cada sprint foi utilizada e monitorizada por um dispositivo com uma fotocélula (CEFISE Biotecnologia Esportiva®). Resultados: Houve uma interação entre velocidade e tempo de intervalo (p = 0,000). Para a condição S15, observou-se uma maior redução no desempenho (p ≤ 0,05), enquanto para S30 e S60, não se observou qualquer redução significativa no desempenho (p > 0,05). Os dados para a área sob a curva mostraram uma diferença significativa (p = 0,000), onde o intervalo de 60 s (S60) foi mais longo em comparação com os valores de 30 (S30) (p = 0,000) e 15 s (S15) (p = 0,000). No entanto, não houve diferenças significativas entre os dados de 30 e 15 s (p = 0,248). Conclusão: Um intervalo de tempo mais curto (15 s) entre sprints repetidos pode afetar significativamente o desempenho em comparação com os intervalos mais longos (30 e 60 s), mas todas as condições aqui testadas podem ser positivas para a melhoria do desempenho, principalmente nos desportos que exigem ações motoras rápidas e eficientes, tais como o futsal.

Relationship between body composition, multiple repeated sprint ability and vertical jump performance in elite badminton players / Relación entre la composición corporal, la capacidad de realizar múltiples sprints repetidos y el rendimiento del salto vertical en jugadores de bádminton de élite

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between the body composition, multiple repeated sprint ability (MRSAB) test, and vertical jump performance. Fifteen voluntary elite Turkish badminton players participated in the study. The MRSAB test consisted of 2 repetitions of 4 movements (4x3m) separated by 30 seconds of passive recovery. The best time (BT), meantime (MT), total time (TT), and fatigue index (FI) were measured. Body composition was evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Squat jump (SJ) test for explosive power and countermovement jump (CMJ) test for elastic power were used. The main findings were that there was a significant correlation between MRSAB MT and TT with lean body mass, lean arm mass, and trunk lean mass (kg) of male badminton players. However, no significant correlation was observed among MRSAB MT, BT, and TT with another total/regional body composition of female badminton players (p>0.05). Moreover, the results of male badminton players showed that there was a significant negative correlation between FI and percentage ofbody fat (%BF), percentage of leg fat (%LF), percentage of trunk fat (%TF), and trunk mass. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between FI with %BF, body fat mass kg, percentage of arm fat (%AF), arm fat mass, and %LF of female badminton players. It was also found in the study that there was a significant correlation between SJ and %LF; CMJ and %BF, body fat mass kg, %AF, %LF and leg fat mass kg. However, no significant correlation was observed among CMJ and SJ with other total/regional body compositions of male badminton players (p>0,05). Finally, changes in body composition are important issues for the physical performance level of badminton players as regional excess body fat may cause deterioration, especially in repeated-sprint ability and jumping performance.

RESUMEN: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la correlación entre la composición corporal, la prueba de capacidad de sprint repetido (MRSAB) y el rendimiento del salto vertical. Quince jugadores voluntarios de bádminton turcos de élite participaron en el estudio. El test MRSAB consistió en 2 repeticiones de 4 movimientos (4x3m) separados por 30 segundos de recuperación pasiva. Se midieron el mejor tiempo (BT), el tiempo medio (MT), el tiempo total (TT) y el índice de fatiga (FI). La composición corporal se evaluó mediante absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DEXA). Se utilizó la prueba de salto desde la sentadilla (SJ) para la potencia explosiva y la prueba de salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) para la potencia elástica. Los principales hallazgos fueron una correlación significativa entre MRSAB MT y TT con la masa corporal magra, la masa magra del brazo y la masa magra del tronco (kg) de los jugadores de bádminton hombres. Sin embargo, no se observó una correlación significativa entre MRSAB MT, BT y TT con otra composición corporal total/regional de jugadoras de bádminton (p>0,05). Además, los resultados de los jugadores hombres de bádminton mostraron que había una correlación negativa significativa entre FI y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (% BF), porcentaje de grasa en las piernas (% LF), porcentaje de grasa en el tronco (% TF) y masa del tronco. Además, hubo una correlación negativa significativa entre FI con %GC, masa de grasa corporal en kg, porcentaje de grasa en el brazo (%AF), masa de grasa en el brazo y %LF de las jugadoras de bádminton. También se descubrió en el estudio que había una correlación significativa entre SJ y %LF; CMJ y %BF, masa grasa corporal kg, %AF, %LF y masa grasa de piernas kg. Sin embargo, no se observó una correlación significativa entre CMJ y SJ con otras composiciones corporales totales/regionales de los hombres jugadores de bádminton (p>0,05). Finalmente, los cambios en la composición corporal son cuestiones importantes para el nivel de rendimiento físico de los jugadores de bádminton, debido a que el exceso de grasa corporal regional, puede causar un deterioro, especialmente en la capacidad de repetir sprints y en el rendimiento de los saltos.

Refractive prediction by various intraocular lens formulas using optical biometry and effect of ocular parameters on their accuracy

Purpose: To assess the prediction accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) formulas and study the effect of axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) on the accuracy of formulas using optic biometry. Methods: This study was performed on 164 eyes of 164 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery. Ocular biometry values were measured using Lenstar?900, and intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated using the SRK/T, SRK II, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, and Barrett Universal II formulas. We evaluated the extent of bias within each formula for different ocular biometric measurements and explored the relationship between the prediction error and the ocular parameters by using various IOL formulas. Results: The summarization of refractive prediction error and absolute prediction error for each IOL formulation was performed after adjusting the mean refractive error to zero. The deviation in the error values was minimum for SRK/T (0.265) followed by Holladay 2 (0.327) and Barret (0.382). Further, SRK/T had the lowest median (0.15) and mean (0.198) absolute error as compared to other formulations. For the above formulations, 100% of the eyes were in the diopter range of ±1.0. It was observed that the overall distribution of error was closer to zero for SRK/T, followed by Holladay 2 and then Barrett. Conclusion: In summary, we found that accuracy was better in SRK/T formula. We achieved a better understanding of how each variable in the formulas is relatively weighed and the influencing factors in the refraction prediction.

Factors affecting repeated HIV antibody tests among men who have sexwith men in Wuhan City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of repeated HIV antibody tests among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into the development of interventions against AIDS among MSM.@*Methods@#MSM with self-reported homosexual behaviors in a community studio in Wuhan City were recruited using a convenient sampling method from January to April 2019, and participants' demographic features, sexual behaviors, HIV antibody tests and recognition of HIV antibody tests were collected using questionnaires. Factors affecting repeated HIV antibody tests were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#Totally 300 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a mean age of (31.06±10.24) years. Among all the participants, 196 participants had the first homosexual behaviors over 18 years of age (65.33%), 107 participants were insertive partners (35.67%), and 125 participants received sex-transmitted diseases (STDs) tests in the past six months (41.67%). The mean score for recognizing the risk of HIV infection was 12.41±3.09, for HIV antibody test self-efficiency was 17.07±2.12, and for perceived social supports was 17.42±2.41. A total of 287 respondents received HIV antibody tests (95.67%), including 192 participants receiving repeated HIV antibody tests (64.00%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age of >18 years for the first homosexual sex behavior (OR=0.404, 95%CI: 0.223-0.734), receiving STDs tests in the past six months (OR=3.896, 95%CI: 2.145-7.076), sex role as receptive partners or both receptive and insertive partners (OR=0.502, 95%CI: 0.275-0.917), satisfying with HIV antibody test services (OR=2.955, 95%CI: 1.311-6.660), and high score for HIV antibody test self-efficiency (OR=1.149, 95%CI: 1.005-1.314) were factors affecting repeated HIV antibody tests among MSM.@*Conclusions@#The detection of repeated HIV antibody tests was 64.00% among MSM in Wuhan City in 2019, and age for the first homosexual behavior, STDs tests, sex role, evaluation of HIV antibody test services and self-efficiency of HIV antibody tests may be factors affecting repeated HIV antibody tests among MSM.

Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Sodium Dehydroacetate: A 90-day Repeated Dose Study in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic oral toxicity of sodium dehydroacetate (DHA-Na) and to determine the point of departure (POD), which is a critical factor in the establishment of an acceptable dietary intake.@*Methods@#DHA-Na was administered once daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0.0, 31.0, 62.0, and 124.0 mg/kg BW per day for 90 days, followed by a recovery period of 4 weeks in the control and 124.0 mg/kg BW per day groups. The outcome parameters were mortality, clinical observations, body weights, food consumption, hematology and clinical biochemistry, endocrine hormone levels, and ophthalmic, urinary, and histopathologic indicators. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach was applied to estimate the POD.@*Results@#Significant decreases were found in the 62.0 and 124.0 mg/kg BW groups in terms of the body weight and food utilization rate, whereas a significant increase was found in the thyroid stimulating hormone levels of the 124.0 mg/kg BW group. Importantly, the 95% lower confidence limit on the BMD of 51.7 mg/kg BW was modeled for a reduction in body weight.@*Conclusion@#The repeated-dose study indicated the slight systemic toxicity of DHA-Na at certain levels (62.0 and 124.0 mg/kg BW) after a 90-day oral exposure.

Vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 y su relación con enfermedad y muerte por COVID-19 en Argentina / Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with illness and death from COVID-19 in Argentina / Vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2 e sua relação com doença e morte por COVID-19 na Argentina

RESUMEN Objetivo. Conocer la efectividad de la vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedad y muerte por COVID-19 en Córdoba, Argentina, en el periodo enero-junio de 2021. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en 1 139 458 residentes en la provincia de Córdoba. Se construyeron modelos de regresión logística múltiple que relacionaron la vacunación con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o la muerte por COVID-19, considerando comorbilidades y factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas y ajustando por sexo y edad. Resultados. El haber recibido una o dos dosis de vacuna en la población general redujo el riesgo de enfermar un 98,8% y 99,3%, respectivamente; y de morir un 83% y 96,5%, respectivamente. En quienes contrajeron COVID-19, la probabilidad de morir se redujo en 57% y 80%, respectivamente. En cuanto a la probabilidad de muerte, el riesgo aumentó a medida que aumentaba la edad y con la pertenencia al sexo masculino o la presencia de obesidad, hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus. Conclusión. La vacunación es efectiva y protege contra la posibilidad de contraer COVID-19, desarrollar enfermedad grave o morir. Presentar obesidad, hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus, en orden decreciente, aumentan el riesgo de morir.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in preventing illness and death from COVID-19 in Córdoba, Argentina, during the period from January through June 2021. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1,139,458 residents of the province of Córdoba. Multiple logistic regression models were developed to describe the relationship between vaccination and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 or death from COVID-19, while taking account of comorbidities and chronic disease risk factors and adjusting for sex and age. Results. Among the general population, having received one or two doses of vaccine reduced the risk of illness by 98.8% and 99.3%, respectively, and the risk of dying by 83% and 96.5%, respectively. Among those who developed COVID-19, the probability of dying was reduced by 57% and 80%, respectively. Regarding probability of death, risk increased with age, with being male, and with obesity, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. Vaccination is effective and protects against the risk of getting COVID-19, developing severe disease, or dying. Having obesity, arterial hypertension, or diabetes mellitus, in descending order, increases the risk of death.

RESUMO Objetivo. Conhecer a eficácia da vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2 para prevenir o desenvolvimento de doença e morte por COVID-19 em Córdoba, Argentina, no período de janeiro a junho de 2021. Métodos. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo em 1.139.458 residentes da província de Córdoba. Foram construídos modelos de regressão logística múltipla que relacionaram a vacinação à presença de SARS-CoV-2 ou morte por COVID-19, considerando comorbidades e fatores de risco para doenças crônicas e ajustando por sexo e idade. Resultados. Ter recebido uma ou duas doses da vacina na população geral reduziu o risco de adoecimento em 98,8% e 99,3%, respectivamente; e de morrer, em 83% e 96,5%, respectivamente. Naqueles que contraíram COVID-19, a probabilidade de morrer foi reduzida em 57% e 80%, respectivamente. Em relação à probabilidade de morte, o risco aumentou com o aumento da idade e para o sexo masculino, ou com a presença de obesidade, hipertensão arterial ou diabetes mellitus. Conclusão. A vacinação é efetiva e protege contra a possibilidade de contrair COVID-19, desenvolver doença grave ou morrer. A presença de obesidade, hipertensão arterial ou diabetes mellitus, em ordem decrescente, aumenta o risco de morte.

Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on the growth and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of repeated magnetic stimulation (rMS) on the growth and differentiation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.Methods:SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to rMS at 15%, 30% and 60% of the maximum output intensity at frequencies of 0.5Hz, 1Hz, 5Hz, 10Hz and 20Hz. They received either 800 or 1600 pulses per day for 4 days. Cell viability was detected using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was induced using 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP + ) and all-trans retinoic acid was used to induce differentiation. The expression of neuron-specific nuclear proteins and the degree of cell differentiation were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results:0.5Hz rMS inhibited proliferation and 10Hz rMS promoted it. With 5Hz rMS significantly greater cell proliferation was observed at 15% and 30% of the maximum output intensity. The stimulatory effect of 1600 pulses per day was significantly greater than that of 800 pulses, especially at 10Hz. Apoptosis was inhibited at both 0.5Hz and 10Hz with 30% of the maximum output intensity. Meanwhile, both 0.5Hz and 10Hz rMS promoted differentiation of the SH-SY5Y cells into neurons.Conclusions:rMS at low frequency inhibits the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, but at higher frequency it promotes it. The effect strengthens with more pulses administered. rMS has a protective effect on MPP + -induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis, and it can promote the cells′ differentiation into neurons.