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Background:Menstrual cycle length is an indicator of reproductive health of a woman. Duration of menstrual cycle in a womanis affected by a number of factors including BMI. The effect of BMI on menstrual cycle length has been studied less extensively. Not many studies have been conducted on Indian populations. This study was conducted to study the relation of body mass index and menstrual cycle length in reproductive age women. Methods:The study included 225 women of age 15-45 years. Women with average menstrual cycle length of 24-38 were regarded as regularly menstruating women. Menstrual cycle length wasdefined as short (<24 days), normal (24-38 days), long (>38 days). During the menstrual phase of the cycle BMI of each participant was recorded.Results:A significant (p=0.0008) increase in mean BMI was found with increased in length of menstrual cycle. The majority of thewomen with long menstrual cycle were obese compared to women having normal and short length of menstrual cycle.Conclusions: The results of present study indicates that women with long menstrual cycle have increased body mass index compared to women having normal or short menstrual cycle length.
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Studies in the Benin Republic have identified contextual factors that determine health facility delivery among women of reproductive age. However, it is not certain if the same set of factors predicts facility delivery for women who enrolled in health insurance and those who did not. The study seeks to compare the determinants of health facility delivery for mothers under health insurance and those that are not in the Benin Republic. The study used data for 33,078 women of reproductive age, drawn from the most recent Benin demographic and health survey (2017-18). The characteristics of the women were described using simple proportions and frequency. Binary Logistic regression was used to examine determinants of health facility delivery for both groups of women. The result showed that only 0.7% of the women were under health insurance coverage. The prevalence of health facility delivery was high in the enrolled group but not in the unenrolled group (98.3% vs. 87.8%). The uniform determinants of health facility delivery across the two groups were household wealth, education, employment, land/house ownership, media exposure, a minimum of four antenatal contacts, and place of residence. To improve the coverage of health facility delivery, a multi-pronged approach should be used to improve household socioeconomic status, encourage media use among women, expand education opportunities for women, and specifically target rural women in Benin. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[6]:104-115).
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Humans , Male , Comparative Study , Insurance, Health , Women , Health Management , Genitalia, Female , Health FacilitiesABSTRACT
Introduction: Malnutrition is thought to be one of the world’s most genuine, yet minimum tended to medical issues and furthermore keeps on being noteworthy general medical problems all through the creating scene, especially in Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan African creating countries low dietary admission likewise the most imperative hazardous factor of lack of healthy sustenance, for example, essential insufficiency because of low levels in the eating routine and an auxiliary inadequacy because of any illness. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the research. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 23. Descriptive statistical and logistic regression was used to describe the variable. Results: Most of the respondents who eat fish and fish products in a week were 6% and respondent who eats fish and fish products in a month was 68.2% and only 25.8% respondents had not taken fish and fish products in their diet. Sources of income of the respondents were categorized. In which 13.2% of respondents source of income was farming, 2.6% respondents trade as a source of income, 43.7% of respondents had a monthly salary, and 40.4% of respondents had income on daily wages. Conclusion: Age, housing conditions, sources of drinking water, the habit of hand washing, consumption of fish and dairy products, consumption of fruits, getting fortified food and food insecurity were important factors to determine the nutritional status of women of reproductive age. These factors are associated with malnutrition.
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Introduction: The purpose of the Papanicolou (Pap) smearin the early detection and prevention of cervical canceris well proved. However, due to lack of awareness stillmany women fail to undertake this test. To address theusefullness and awareness issue, we assessed the feasibilityand adequacy of Pap smears in females of reproductive ageand perimenopausal age. Cervical cancer is the second mostsevere cancer affecting women globally and mortality is notonly affecting India but also the other developing nations.This study aimed to study the cervical cytology and its patternin patients from reproductive age group and perimenopausalage group in Gynaec Outpatient Department of MGM medicalcollege and hospital in Jamshedpur.Material and methods: The procedure of clinical Pap smearincludes extraction of cells from squamocolumnar junctionby sweeping and then the smear was spread over glass slideand it was dipped in a small container with fixative (95%ethyl alcohol). Later on, the slides were stained (Pap stain)and observed for the cytological study according to Bethesdascoring system, 2001 for detection of cervical cancer inpatients.Results: Majority of the patients presented with single orcombination of symptoms like white discharge per vaginumand lower abdominal pain or both. The samples extractedand evaluated from the patients through the Pap smearswere put according to Bethesda scoring system, 2001;where it was found that Non-specific inflammation was76.417%, normal cervical cytology was 14.153%, LSIL((Lowgrade intraepithelial lesion) was 3.77% and inadequate/unsatisfactory was 5.660%.Conclusion: Pap smear testing related to cervical cancerpresence drastically reduces in morbidity and mortalitythrough early detection, diagnosis and management ofcervical cancer. This cytological testing is one of the meresttools available to find the occurrence of cervical cancer.
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Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker of chronic hyperglycemia, has been recommended for use, in the diagnosis of diabetes. Objective: To assess the mean HbA1c level among reproductive age women in Tripura and to study the factors associated with high HbA1c level (≥ 6.5 %). Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tripura among 2000 reproductive age women selected by Cluster sampling using PPS technique. Results: The present study revealed that the mean HbA1c level was 5.29 + 0.83% among the reproductive age women with 3.95% participants having HbA1c level of ≥ 6.5%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the age group and income of the family had a significant effect on the HbA1c status. Scheduled tribe women had 0.43 odds (0.22-0.81) of having high HbA1cstatus compared to women from general caste. Conclusion: The present study provided the reference values for HbA1c distribution among reproductive age women in Tripura and may be useful in the early identification of at-risk individuals.
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Background & objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent vaginal infection in women of reproductive age group which has been found to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the administration of 2000 IU/day edible vitamin D for 15 wk to eliminate asymptomatic BV among reproductive age women with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A total of 208 women with asymptomatic BV, who were found to be eligible after interviews and laboratory tests, were randomly assigned to a control group (n=106) or an intervention group (n=105). They used vitamin D drops daily for 105 days. Vaginal and blood samples were taken before and after the second intervention using identical methods (Nugent score for BV diagnosis, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D for vitamin D determination). Results: The cure rate of asymptomatic BV was 63.5 per cent in the intervention and 19.2 per cent in the control group (P <0.001). The results showed that being unmarried (P=0.02), being passive smoker (P<0.001), and being in the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle during sampling (P=0.01) were significantly associated with post-intervention BV positive results. After these elements were controlled, the odds of BV positive results in the control group was 10.8 times more than in the intervention group (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: Among women in reproductive age group with vitamin D deficiency, the administration of 2000 IU/day edible vitamin D was effective in eliminating asymptomatic BV. This treatment could be useful in preventing the symptoms and side effects of BV.
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Objective To determine the situation of contraceptive use and impact factors among reproductive-age women seeking abortion in Kunming which was in the southwest of China in order to provide information for improving contraceptive use. Methods A hospital-based study was conducted among 397 women of reproductive age, seeking abortion in hospitals of different levels in Kunming from June 2011 to December 2011. They were face to face interviewed by the trained investigators with the questionnaires. Results Among 397 women, 229 cases (57.7%) had experienced induced abortion. Abortion accounted for 61.7% of married women, and unmarried accounted for 39.3%. About 36.3%never used any contraceptives, and only 21.4%of respondents used contraceptives at every intercourse. The main contraceptive before this pregnancy was condom (68.9%) . The use of contraceptives was mainly decided by couple (73.4%) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents' age, educational level and access to contraceptives in hospital were associated with the use of contraceptive. Conclusion Premarital pregnancy and low rate of contraception are the main reason for induced abortion. Fewer reproductive-age women seeking abortion use contraceptives. It is necessary to increase their awareness of contraception and abortion related knowledge, provide feasible contraceptive to enable women to avoid unwilling pregnancy. Further more, it is important to promote male involvement in contraception.
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The socio-cultural and economic contexts in developing countries influence the epidemiology or STls and helps in making them an important public health priority. This study was carried out to explore the health care seeking pathway of the women suffering from RTls/STls. influence or major socio-demographic variables on treatment seeking pattern. This cross sectional study was carried out comprising or eight hundred reproductive age (15-49 years) women selected following a multistage sampling procedure. The information pertaining to health seeking behaviour were collected from them using a pre-designed pretested interview schedule. Quantum of RTls/STls in the study group was estimated and symptomatics were asked specially about time lag between appearance of symptoms and seeking acre; reason for not seeking care; outcome of treatment they have taken if any. Out of total 359 subjects with symptoms of RTls/STls only about one-third (37.3%) had sought treatment. Only a few (4.5%) had sought treatment within 1 month of appearance of symptoms. Considering it to be physiological about half of the subjects (45.3%) did not seek treatment. The treatment seeking pattern was highly associated with the level of education (p=0.000). Reluctance in seeking treatment, delay in its initiation, prelerencc for unqualified practitioners in first consultation and significant association between education and treatment seeking pattern emphasize BCC and service provision for control and prevention of RTls/STls.
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Over the years many approaches have been used in communication for behavioral changes in nutrition. The overall aim of this study was to provide practical insights into how participatory, audience-centered communication activities can be effectively used for imparting information and for behavioral change promotion on the topic of dietary diversity and micronutrient nutrition, among reproductive-age women in Vietnam. The communication initiatives for improving nutrition knowledge and practices of the women in two selected communes (Dongky and Donglac) in Bacgiang province were carried out from January, 2003 to December, 2005. The Dongky commune was selected as the intervention commune, while the Donglac commune served as the control. In the intervention commune of Dongky the problems and strategies of nutrition communication and education were defined, IEC materials and some seeds of iron-rich vegetables and fruits were provided. Besides that, a contest on nutrition knowledge at a primary school and a competition between nutrition collaborators were held. The results of the study showed that food consumption of the women in both communes improved compared to levels at the baseline survey, especially in the intervention commune. The total knowledge scores and the nutrition practices of the women in the Dongky commune significantly improved compared to the data at baseline and were higher compared to that of the control commune.