STUDY OF ADNEXAL MASS IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP WOMEN AND THEIR OUTCOME

BACKGROUND: Adnexal masses is a significant condition commonly seen in women’sreproductive age. Most common masses arise from ovaries due to their complexembryologic & histologic origin. For diagnosis, ultrasonography is the gold standard.Laproscopy is the gold standard surgical intervention.METHODS: This study was a prospective study that was conducted at a tertiary carehospital in the obstetrics and gynecology department from October 2021 to December2021.RESULTS: In this study, No. 31% of the patients were between the ages of 26 and 35.Of the patients, 12.90% came from the upper socioeconomic class, 72.58% from themiddle, and 14.51% from the lower socioeconomic class. The most common complaintwas abdominal pain (41.93%) followed by menstrual irregularities (25.80%). 46.77% ofpatients were managed medically. In 32.25% of patients, laparoscopy was performed andin 20.96% of patients, laparotomy was performed.CONCLUSION: Adnexal masses are a very common gynecological problem, Presentwith abdominal pain / other symptoms /an incidental finding on ultrasonography done forother purposes. So, the basic approach should be early diagnosis and appropriate medicalor surgical treatment, to minimize morbidity and avoid mortality.

Comparison of the detection rates of preconception health risks among Chinese couples of reproductive age in 2013 and 2019 / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To assess the detection rates of preconception health risks among couples of reproductive age in China and analyze the differences between 2013 and 2019.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the preconception health examination data of 9 153 916 couples of 20-49 years who participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in 2013 or 2019 were consecutively selected. The health risks involved eight aspects in women (genetic risk, reproductive risk, chronic disease risk, infectious risk, nutritional risk, behavioral risk, environmental risk and psychosocial risk) and seven aspects in men except for reproductive risks were assessed. The t test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences in demographic characteristics between the couples of reproductive age. The detection rates and 95% CI of each preconception health risk were calculated and the χ2 test was used to compare the differences in the detection rates of risk factors. Results:In 2019, the proportion of couples of reproductive age in China who were 35 years or older, had an education background of high school and above, workers, and held non-agricultural registered residence were all higher than those in 2013 (15.18% vs 6.22%, 52.12% vs 29.78%, 8.33% vs 7.17%, 12.39% vs 6.64%), while the proportion of farmers was significantly lower than that in 2013 (60.95% vs 76.87%) (all P<0.001). In 2013, the three health risks with the highest detection rate among Chinese women of reproductive age was nutritional risk (37.50%), infectious risk (16.95%) and psychosocial risk (11.62%), respectively; while in 2019, it was nutritional risk (38.07%), infectious risk (12.82%), and chronic disease risk (11.12%), respectively. The detection rate of nutritional risk in Chinese women of reproductive age in 2019 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (38.07% vs 37.50%), while the detection rates of infectious risk and psychosocial risk were both lower than those in 2013 (12.82% vs 16.95% and 7.37% vs 11.62%) (all P<0.001). In 2013, the top three risks detected in men of reproductive age was behavioral risk (44.87%), nutritional risk (36.81%) and psychosocial risk (13.43%), respectively; and in 2019, it was nutritional risk (45.47%), behavioral risk (38.76%) and psychosocial risk (9.18%), respectively. The detection rates of nutritional risk in men of reproductive age in 2019 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (45.47% vs 36.81%), while the detection rates of behavioral risk and psychosocial risk were both lower than those in 2013 (38.76% vs 44.87%, 9.18% vs 13.43%) (all P<0.001). Conclusions:The detection rate of nutritional risk in couples of reproductive age and genetic risk in men in 2019 in China are higher than those in 2013, and the exposure to the other preconception health risks is decreasing. The nutritional risk, infection risk, psychosocial risk and chronic disease risk are the main risk factors for women of reproductive age, while the nutritional risk, behavioral risk and psychosocial risk are the main risk factors for men.

Knowledge of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Ibadan north lga, Oyo State, Nigeria

Nigeria has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) and cervical screening are effective prevention strategies against both HPV infection and cervical cancer. Lack of awareness, limited knowledge, limited decision-making agency, lack of spousal support and stigma are barriers to uptake of these preventive measures. Cervical cancer is a deadly disease claiming the lives of many women in developing countries due to late presentation which might be influenced by a lack of knowledge of the disease and its prevention. Method: This descriptive study examined the knowledge assessment of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age (15-49), about cervical cancer, its prevention, and their utilization of Pap smear screening; using a convenience sample of 426 women in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Women voluntarily completed a structured questionnaire. Result: Results showed that women who participated in the study were aware of cervical cancer (77%; n=328) but many (62.9%; n= 268) were unaware of Pap smears as the screening tests for cervical cancer. Although 41.3% (n=176) were knowledgeable about cervical cancer, risk factors and prevention, only 9.4% (n=40) had Pap smear tests done. Conclusion: Health care professionals, need to intensify efforts to increase awareness about cervical cancer screening, and encourage women through the different clinics to use these services. The benefits of screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer should be emphasized to enhance the utilization of cervical cancer screening services.

Knowledge of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Ibadan North LGA, Oyo State, Nigeria

Background: Nigeria has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) and cervical screening are effective prevention strategies against both HPV infection and cervical cancer. Lack of awareness, limited knowledge, limited decision-making agency, lack of spousal support and stigma are barriers to uptake of these preventive measures. Cervical cancer is a deadly disease claiming the lives of many women in developing countries due to late presentation which might be influenced by a lack of knowledge of the disease and its prevention. Method: This descriptive study examined the knowledge assessment of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age (15-49), about cervical cancer, its prevention, and their utilization of Pap smear screening; using a convenience sample of 426 women in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Women voluntarily completed a structured questionnaire. Result: Results showed that women who participated in the study were aware of cervical cancer (77%; n=328) but many (62.9%; n= 268) were unaware of Pap smears as the screening tests for cervical cancer. Although 41.3% (n=176) were knowledgeable about cervical cancer, risk factors and prevention, only 9.4% (n=40) had Pap smear tests done. Conclusion: Health care professionals, need to intensify efforts to increase awareness about cervical cancer screening, and encourage women through the different clinics to use these services. The benefits of screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer should be emphasized to enhance the utilization of cervical cancer screening services.

Use of contraceptive methods in rural areas in Cote d'Ivoire: a cross-sectional study

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional survey took place in May, 2018 in Kodjokro, a village in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire. The study population consisted of women of reproductive age, from 15 to 49 years old. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, gyneco-obstetrical characteristics, knowledge and attitudes and he use of contraceptive methods. The chi-square test was used to measure the associations between the use of contraceptive methods and each of the characteristics studied

Anaemia and Iron studies among women of reproductive age group: A Cross-sectional survey of a Large Cantonment in Western Maharashtra

Background: Anaemia remains a major cause of concern among the women of reproductive age in our country. However, there is a wide variation amongst different socio-economic strata. Aim & Objectives: This study was conducted among women of reproductive age for prevalence of anaemia and its association with certain socio-clinical variables in cantonment. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The information regarding socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measurements and clinical parameters were taken. Hemogram and iron profile was done by collecting venous blood from the participants. Results: Data was analyzed for 722 participants. There were 140 (20.2% (95% CI: 17.2 – 23.3)) non-pregnant women of reproductive age-group having anemia. Out of these 140, mild, moderate and severe anaemia was seen in 57(40.7%), 77(55%), 06(4.3) respectively. The major factors associated with anaemia were heavy menstruation and higher parity. Amongst these 140, iron deficiency anaemia was diagnosed in 135 (96.7%). Among the 28 pregnant women, eight were anaemic (28.6: 95% CI 19.1-63.9). Conclusion: The results of our study showed lower prevalence of anaemia than national level and majority of these were iron deficiency anaemia, which is amenable to prevention and treatment

Acute Coronary Syndrome in Egyptian Women during their Reproductive Age Period

Background: Young women have low risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during their reproductive period, mainly due to the physiologically protective effect of estrogen hormone on the coronary endothelium. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors of ACS in the Egyptian women patients during their reproductive age period, who admitted to Tanta University Cardiovascular department hospital. Results: Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial bridge, cushion syndrome and radiotherapy for breast cancer were significantly independently ACS risk factors that correlated to the SYNTAX score. There is significance of coefficient of the independent variable in the risk factors (Group A, group B, group C separately and groups A, B, C together) on the severity and level of SYNTAX score in ACS. The regression analysis was significant in groups A and B of ACS risk factors separately. While the regression analysis was significant and there was a clear relationship between ACS risk factors- groups A, B, C. together and SYNTAX score. Conclusions: There was a positive relationship between the increase total number of ACS risk factors subgroups (Traditional, Nontraditional and Gynecological) and the severity of coronary artery stenosis that assessed by SYNTAX scorer.

Abnormal vaginal discharge in reproductive age group women with special implication to antifungal susceptibility of candida species

Introduction And Background: Vaginal discharge is a common complaint in reproductive age group women2. Vaginal discharge is one of the common reasons in women of reproductive age group seeking gynecological consultation. It is the second most common clinical problem after menstrual disorders. Globally, it is estimated that one in ten women will present with vaginal discharge in the course of one year and approximately, ten million office visits each year are attributed to vaginal discharge complaints. The prevalence of vaginal discharge in India is estimated to be 30%3. Ÿ Abnormal vaginal discharge predisposes to significant morbidity to the women in the form of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, endometriosis, cuff cellulitis, urethral syndrome, pregnancy loss, and preterm labour.5 Ÿ Certain conditions such as prolonged use of combined oral contraceptive, pregnancy, malnutrition, diabetes, neutropenia, prolonged antibiotic therapy, candida become pathogenic and causes candidiasis.8 Ÿ Isolation, identification, characterization, and susceptibility of candida species became critical management of fungal infections.9 Need For The Study: The study was done to emphasize the role of laboratory investigations in patients with vaginitis, as presumptive clinical diagnosis alone can lead to false interpretation and treatment mismanagement. TheMethods: present study is a cross sectional observational study conducted from January 2019 to February 2020 for about a period of one year among 300 women aged 15-49 years with vaginal discharge attending gynecology OPD, Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati. This study included 300 subjects with a mean age of 30.4 ± 7.26 years. Nearly halfResults: of (49.33%) our study population was aged between 25 to 34years, a majority (47%) of women had bacterial vaginosis, followed by Candida in 39.33%, trichomonas vaginalis in 14.33%, mixed infections in 6.67% and 6% with no organisms. Among Candida species, 48.31% of participants had candida albicans, 23.73% had candida tropicalis, 19.49% had candida krusei, and 8.47% had candida glabrata, and of them 38.33% participants had voriconazole sensitivity, 32.33% participants had ketoconazole sensitivity, 26% participants had clotrimazole sensitivity, and 21.33% participants had fluconazole sensitivity. Among 118 candida infected 106 (89.83%) participants came for follow-up, of which symptoms subsided in 90 (84.91%) participants. In conclusion, our study with 300 women patients complaining ofConclusion: vaginal discharge found a majority of them belonging to the sexually active age group. Vaginal discharge was more prevalent in lower economic status and rural areas. Bacterial vaginosis was the most common and frequent etiology, followed by Candida. TV was the least common etiology for vaginal discharge

Orexin-A levels in reproductive age group women and its association with body mass index

Objectives: Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides, which are involved in feeding behaviour, sleep-wakefulness, and neuroendocrine homeostasis in the body. The study was conducted with the aim to estimate the serum orexin levels in reproductive age group (RAG) women and to determine the association of serum orexin levels with body mass index (BMI) in females of RAG. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty apparently healthy women of RAG (20–40 years) were randomly selected. Fasting serum orexin levels were measured using ELISA and BMI was calculated in women based on their height and weight. Results: Serum orexin levels were significantly higher in women with BMI ? 25 kg/m2 (P = 0.035) as compared to women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 . Conclusion: In the present study, BMI correlated significantly with mean serum orexin levels. However, serum orexin levels did not correlate with the age of women.

A study on body mass index and menstrual cycle length in reproductive age women

Background:Menstrual cycle length is an indicator of reproductive health of a woman. Duration of menstrual cycle in a womanis affected by a number of factors including BMI. The effect of BMI on menstrual cycle length has been studied less extensively. Not many studies have been conducted on Indian populations. This study was conducted to study the relation of body mass index and menstrual cycle length in reproductive age women. Methods:The study included 225 women of age 15-45 years. Women with average menstrual cycle length of 24-38 were regarded as regularly menstruating women. Menstrual cycle length wasdefined as short (<24 days), normal (24-38 days), long (>38 days). During the menstrual phase of the cycle BMI of each participant was recorded.Results:A significant (p=0.0008) increase in mean BMI was found with increased in length of menstrual cycle. The majority of thewomen with long menstrual cycle were obese compared to women having normal and short length of menstrual cycle.Conclusions: The results of present study indicates that women with long menstrual cycle have increased body mass index compared to women having normal or short menstrual cycle length.

Trends in the use of skilled birth attendants among women of reproductive age in a resource-limited setting

Background: Although there has been growing awareness on the need for professional assistance at delivery, and this has improved health-seeking behavior and the use of antenatal care (ANC) of pregnant women, presenting for ANC does not directly imply that a woman would use a skilled birth attendant (SBA) at delivery. This study analyzed the trend in the use of SBAs at delivery among Nigerian reproductive women from 2007 to 2017. Materials and Methods: The study used the United Nations Children’s Fund, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys data for the years 2007 (n = 1021), 2011 (n = 2927), and 2016/2017 (n = 4155). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between the use of SBAs and demographic characteristics of women aged 15–49 years in Nigeria. Results: There was a significant decline in the utilization of SBAs at delivery from 82.7% in 2007 to 71.8% in 2016/2017 (P < 0.001). There was a decline in the proportion of doctors and nurses/midwives as birth attendants from 28.3% and 54.4% in 2007 to 22.8% and 49.0% in 2016/2017, respectively (P < 0.001), whereas the use of traditional birth attendants increased from 5.2% to 8.0% during the periods (P = 0.003). Urban residence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.18–1.47, P < 0.01], higher maternal age (AOR=1.49, 95% CI=1.30–1.70; P < 0.01), and education attainment (AOR=3.78, 95% CI=3.39–4.22; P < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of the utilization of SBAs. Conclusion: There is a need for intervention programs for women in rural areas and women with a low level of education and lower maternal age. This will further reduce the maternal mortality ratios of the country.

Perceptions on susceptibility to exposure to the COVID-19 virus: A qualitative study on pregnant and non-pregnant adult women, their partners, and healthcare workers in Metro Manila

Introduction@#The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that special populations are more susceptible to the COVID-19 virus. There is little information on whether COVID-19 affects women of reproductive age and their fertility, pregnancy status, and offspring give: We aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, and perceptions (KPP) on the risk and susceptibility to COVID-19 of women of reproductive age. @*Methods@#We conducted a qualitative exploratory descriptive study using the triangulation method. The study consisted of in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women of reproductive age and their spouses, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs) with health care professionals (HCP) in University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital. We assessed KPP using structured, open-ended interview guides. Interview responses were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was performed using NVivo 12. @*Results@#Eighty participants, 20 women of reproductive age, 20 spouses, 20 non-pregnant women, and 20 HCPs in UP-PGH were included in the study. All participants were knowledgeable about COVID-19. Pregnant women would consult their physicians when they felt symptoms related to COVID-19. Spouses of pregnant women and non-pregnant women observed health measures to prevent the spread of the virus. Both pregnant and non-pregnant patients with COVID-19 felt shamed and stigmatized while the husbands worried that the exposure to the infection will pose a burden to their families. HCWs provided services through teleconsultation and found it challenging to refer patients to other facilities. @*Conclusion@#The study provided insights on KPP of women with reproductive-age to COVID-19 and views of HCWs in providing care to these patients during the pandemic. The effects of COVID-19 are still detrimental and highly evident from the micro to the macro level.

Prevalence and risk factors of underweight, overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age in China / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of pre-pregnancy underweight, overweight and obesity among women aged 18~49 years in China in 2013 and 2019 and the changing trends during this period.Methods:Pre-pregnancy examination data were collected for 9 220 664 women of reproductive age who participated in the National Free Pre-pregnancy Health Examination Project in 2013 and 2019, to analyze the prevalence and changing trends of underweight, overweight and obesity. Data from China Population Census in 2010 were applied to calculate the age-standardized prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors.Results:The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among women aged 18-49 years in China was 7.47%, 21.05% and 6.08%, respectively. Over the seven years from 2013 to 2019, the prevalence of underweight in women of reproductive age had decreased, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity had increased significantly. Younger age, higher education level and ethnic minorities were the risk factors of underweight, while advanced age, farmers, previous gravidity and previous parity were the risk factors of overweight and obesity. Vegetarian, smoking and passive smoking might increase the risk of underweight, overweight and obesity.Conclusion:Women of reproductive age in China are faced with the dual challenge of malnutrition and overnutrition and the weight management before pregnancy should be strengthened for women of reproductive age.

Factors related to low birth weight in Indonesia

@#Introduction: Previous studies have reported that low birth weight (LBW) correlates with neonatal death and 15 - 20% of all births worldwide are LBW. This research aimed to analyse the factors related to LBW in Indonesia. Methods: The authors collated secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample consisted of 17,443 respondents. Besides LBW as the dependent variable, the independent variables consisted of maternal age, residence, wealth, education, employment, marital status, health insurance, antenatal care (ANC) visits, smoking behaviour, and gender of the baby. The final stage employed binary logistic regression. Results: Women aged 35-39 years were 0.688 times less likely than women aged 15-19 years to give birth to LBW babies. The wealthiest women were 0.712 times less likely than the poorest women to give birth to LBW babies. Women with higher education levels were 0.670 times less likely to have a LBW baby than women with no education level. Women who attended ≥4 ANC visits were 0.829 times less likely to have LBW babies than women who attended <4 ANC visits. Baby girls were 1.161 times more likely than baby boys to be born with LBW. Conclusion: The study concluded that the factors related to LBW in Indonesia were maternal age, wealth, education, ANC, and gender of the baby.

A comparative study of the effect of health insurance on women's use of health facility delivery: Evidence from demographic health survey in Benin Republic

Studies in the Benin Republic have identified contextual factors that determine health facility delivery among women of reproductive age. However, it is not certain if the same set of factors predicts facility delivery for women who enrolled in health insurance and those who did not. The study seeks to compare the determinants of health facility delivery for mothers under health insurance and those that are not in the Benin Republic. The study used data for 33,078 women of reproductive age, drawn from the most recent Benin demographic and health survey (2017-18). The characteristics of the women were described using simple proportions and frequency. Binary Logistic regression was used to examine determinants of health facility delivery for both groups of women. The result showed that only 0.7% of the women were under health insurance coverage. The prevalence of health facility delivery was high in the enrolled group but not in the unenrolled group (98.3% vs. 87.8%). The uniform determinants of health facility delivery across the two groups were household wealth, education, employment, land/house ownership, media exposure, a minimum of four antenatal contacts, and place of residence. To improve the coverage of health facility delivery, a multi-pronged approach should be used to improve household socioeconomic status, encourage media use among women, expand education opportunities for women, and specifically target rural women in Benin. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[6]:104-115).

Determinants of contraceptive use in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

In Côte d'Ivoire, contraceptive prevalence is low (21%). The search for determinants of contraceptive use could make it possible to redirect existing strategies. The objective is to identify the determinants of the use of contraception among women in Abidjan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2018 in the Dallas neighborhood of Adjamé municipal (Abidjan). Women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) were selected there. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetrical characteristics, educational level, attitudes and practices of women on contraception were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed. A total of 301 women aged 29.34±8.98 years were selected. The proportion of women using modern contraception was 27.24%. In univariate analysis, the factors associated with use were: level of education (p=0.005), unwanted pregnancies (p=0.017), abortions (p<0.001), consultation of the gynecologist (p=0.003) or a family planning service (p=0.001). Hearing about contraception (p=0.043), knowing (p<0.001) and talking about it with their partner (p=0.027) was significantly associated with its use. In the multivariate analyses, the women who consulted a gynecologist and those who knew the contraceptive methods used them respectively 2 times more (OR= 2.16 [1.14-4.15], p=0.019) and 22 times more (OR= 22.38 [8.42-78.56], p<0.001). Women with primary school education used them significantly less (OR=0.15 [0.05-0.41], p<0.001). Awareness, the gynecologist's consultation, and the level of education were the main determinants of contraceptive use. Also, it is necessary to adapt awareness messages to the characteristics of women.

Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the leading causes of liver diseases which occurs worldwide particularly in developing countries. It is often caused by prenatal transmission from mother to child or household transmission from a close contact during early childhood. It causes different complications like; jaundice, induces premature labor, and prematurity. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15th, 2016 to February 15th, 2017. Multistage sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Logistic regression analysis was applied and p-values < 0.05 was used to see the significant association between dependent and independent variables. Results: A total of 330 participants were included in this study yielding 98.8% response rate. The sero-prevalence of HBsAg among women of reproductive age was 28(8.5%). Having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 18.73, 95% CI =3.65, 96.21) history of unprotected sex (AOR = 9.39, 95% CI =1.64, 53.77) were found to be significantly associated with sero-prevalence of HBV. Conclusions: The sero-prevalence of HBV infection among women of reproductive age was highly endemic. Hence, behavioral education and communication programs focusing on reduction of risky sexual behaviors should be designed to reduce HBV infection.

Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the leading causes of liver diseases which occurs worldwide particularly in developing countries. It is often caused by prenatal transmission from mother to child or household transmission from a close contact during early childhood. It causes different complications like; jaundice, induces premature labor, and prematurity. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15th, 2016, to February 15th, 2017. Multistage sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Logistic regression analysis was applied and p-values < 0.05 was used to see the significant association between dependent and independent variables. Results: A total of 330 participants were included in this study yielding 98.8% response rate. The Sero-prevalence of hbsag among women of reproductive age was 28(8.5%). Having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 18.73, 95% CI = [3.65, 96.21) history of unprotected sex (AOR = 9.39, 95% CI = [1.64, 53.77) were found to be significantly associated with Sero-prevalence of HBV. Conclusions: The Sero-prevalence of HBV infection among women of reproductive age was highly endemic. Hence, behavioral education and communication programs focusing on reduction of risky sexual behaviors should be designed to reduce HBV infection

Conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y percepción sobre Zika en mujeres en edad fértil de Amazonas, Perú / Knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions about Zika in women of childbearing age in Amazonas, Peru

RESUMEN Objetivos. Describir los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y percepciones del zika en mujeres en edad fértil (MEF) en el departamento de Amazonas, posterior a un brote de zika. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de enfoque mixto cuanticualitativo. Se realizó un muestreo estratificado, aplicándose una encuesta a una muestra de 723 MEF de 15 a 49 años del distrito de Bagua, departamento de Amazonas y cuatro grupos focales con 35 MEF. Se aplicó una encuesta y guía de grupo focal. Se usaron frecuencias y teoría fundamentada para el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo respectivamente. Se integró ambos enfoques en la interpretación mediante abordaje narrativo. Resultados. El 86,3% de MEF conocen que es posible enfermar con zika, 10,1% que se transmite por relaciones sexuales, 2,2% durante el embarazo y 68,5% consideran que es insuficiente la información. En la práctica; 60%(n=434) usa mosquiteros, 53,4%(n=386) tapa recipientes de agua y el 7,3%(n=4) perciben participación del gobierno local. Los datos cualitativos muestran desconfianza al control vectorial y expresan necesidad de apoyo psicológico a las gestantes y familia. Conclusiones. Existen brechas en el conocimiento y prácticas para la prevención del zika por trasmisión sexual y vertical, tienen desconfianza del control vectorial, no perciben participación del gobierno local, sugieren acompañamiento psicológico a la gestante con zika, a la madre con niño discapacitado y desean acceder a más información sobre zika.

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions about Zika in women of childbearing age (WCA) in the department of Amazonas in Peru, following a Zika outbreak. Materials and methods. Descriptive study with a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach. We carried out stratified sampling, by applying a survey to a sample of 723 WCA aged 15 to 49 years in the district of Bagua, department of Amazonas, then we carried out four focus groups with 35 WCA in each group. Frequencies and the grounded theory were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis respectively. Interpretation of both methods was integrated using a narrative approach. Results. We found that 86.3% of WCA knew that it is possible to get sick with Zika, 10.1% knew that it is transmitted through sexual intercourse, 2.2% knew that it can be transmitted during pregnancy and 68.5% consider that the information is insufficient. In practice, 60% (n=434) used mosquito nets, 53.4% (n=386) covered water containers and 7.3% (n=4) perceived local government involvement. Qualitative data showed distrust of vector control and expressed the need for psychological support for pregnant women and their families. Conclusions. There are gaps in the knowledge and practices of WCA regarding the prevention of sexual and vertical transmission of Zika; WCA distrust vector control, do not perceive local government involvement, suggest psychological support should be provided to pregnant women with Zika, as well as to mothers with disabled children, and wish to access more information about Zika.

Detección y control del cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de 35 a 44 años en Ecuador / Detection and control of cervical cancer in women aged 35 to 44 yearsin Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud pública que se origina en las células que recubren el cuello del útero, cuya etiología se relaciona frecuentemente con el virus del Papiloma Humano. Esta patología solo se presenta en las mujeres, siendo el segundo más común entre las tipologías de cáncer; su aparición puede ser prevenible mediante el control y la detección oportuna. OBJETIVO: Determinar el nivel de control y detección de cáncer cérvico-uterino que tienen las mujeres de 35 a 44 años. METODOLOGÍA: La investigación es cuantitativa, descriptiva y de corte transversal. La muestra fue de 267 mujeres de 35 a 44 años. Se aplicó una encuesta virtual de manera voluntaria y aleatoria a la población femenina de dichas edades, en la cual se establecieron preguntas categorizadas en: Conocimiento general, Control y Detección, éstas nos ayudarán a comprobar el grado de información, control y detección del cáncer cérvico-uterino que tenga dicha población. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje general varía de acuerdo a las categorías de las encuestas empleadas, a partir de las cuales se refleja que el 52,8% tiene conocimiento acerca de los métodos de control y detección del cáncer cérvico-uterino, el 44,3% no ha recibido información acerca del tema y, el 2,9% tiene un conocimiento incompleto. CONCLUSIÓN: El cáncer cérvico-uterino afecta con mayor frecuencia a las mujeres sexualmente activas dentro del rango de edad de 35 y 44 años, siendo la falta de información de la población femenina y la ausencia de controles sanitarios algunos de los factores que predisponen a una alta incidencia y prevalencia de la morbi ­mortalidad a causa de esta patología.

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is a public health problem that originates in the cells lining the cervix, whose etiology is often associated with the Human Papillomavirus. This pathology only occurs in women, being the second most common among cancer typologies; its appearance can be preventable through control and timely detection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of control and detection of cervical-uterine cancer in women aged 35 to 44. METHODOLOGY: The research is quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample was 267 women aged 35 to 44 years. A voluntary and random virtual survey was applied to the female population of these ages, in which questions categorized in: General knowledge, Control and Detection were established, these will help us to verify the degree of information, control and detection of cervical-uterine cancer in that population. RESULTS: The percentage varies according to the categories of surveys used, showing that 50.3 per cent have knowledge of methods for the control and detection of cervical-uterine cancer, 41.1 per cent have not received information on the subject and 8.6% have incomplete knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical-uterine cancer most often affects sexually active women in the 35-44 age range, The lack of information from the female population and the absence of health controls are some of the factors that predispose to a high incidence and prevalence of morbidity -mortality due to this pathology.