ABSTRACT
La prevalencia de la hemofilia esporádica fue estimada hace más de 40 años y se demostró que aproximadamente un tercio de los casos son de novo. La mayoría de las mutaciones que ocurren en la hemofilia se producen durante la espermatogénesis masculina; en otros casos, los cambios ocurren en los estadios tempranos de desarrollo del embrión o una mutación germinal en la madre. El proceso de inactivación del cromosoma X es al azar. Extensos estudios han evidenciado que son más frecuentes las mutaciones en las meiosis masculinas que en las femeninas, con una proporción global de 3,5/1, especialmente las inversiones de los intrones 22 y 1. Se revisaron aspectos moleculares y bioquímicos de los factores VIII y IX. Destacamos la importancia del dominio B del factor VIII que contribuye a múltiples funciones esenciales, como el control de la calidad de la síntesis, la secreción, la unión con los fosfolípidos plaquetarios, la inactivación y el aclaramiento de la molécula completa
The sporadic hemophilia prevalence was estimated more than 40 years ago and it was shown that approximately a third of the cases are novo. Most of the mutations that occur in hemophilia are produced during the male spermatogenesis; in other cases, they occur in early stages of the embrión development or in the mother a germinal mutation. The X-cromosoma- inactivation process is at random. Extended studies have shown that male meiosis are more frequent than female ones, with a global proportion of 3,5/1, specially introns inversions 22 and 1. There were revised molecular and biochemical aspects of factors VIII and IX. We ruled out the importance of B domain in factor VIII, which contributes to multiple essential functions, as the quality control of synthesis, secretion, union with platelet phospholipids, inactivation and complete clearance of the molecule
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Comprehensive Health Care/methods , Hemophilia A/genetics , Hemophilia A/history , Hemophilia A/metabolism , Genetics, Population/methods , National Health Programs/ethicsABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estimar as tabelas de esperança de vida e de fertilidade para Sipha flava (Forbes, 1884) alimentados com capim-elefante, em diferentes temperaturas. Foram utilizadas câmaras climatizadas a 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 e 32ºC, UR 70 ± 10 por cento e fotofase de 12 horas, contendo 150 insetos em cada condição térmica. Foi constatada mortalidade gradual em todas as temperaturas. A maior longevidade e maior esperança de vida dos afídeos foi a 12ºC. As taxas líquidas de reprodução (Ro) e o tempo necessário para a população duplicar em número (TD) também foram maiores a 12ºC. A sobrevivência (l x) começou a diminuir a partir de 3,5 dias a 24ºC e a partir do primeiro dia nas demais temperaturas, seguindo uma redução gradativa com o desenvolvimento do inseto. O intervalo de tempo entre cada geração (T) diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura, até 28ºC. A maior fertilidade específica (m x) e a maior fecundidade total média ocorreram a 24ºC. A capacidade inata de aumentar em número (r m) foi menor a 12ºC. A razão finita de aumento (λ) foi maior a 20 e 24ºC. A temperatura de 24ºC mostrou-se mais adequada para o desenvolvimento de S. flava em capim-elefante por proporcionar maiores valores para os parâmetros reprodutivos.
The objective of this study was to estimate the life expectancy and fertility tables of Sipha flava (Forbes, 1884) fed with elephant grass at different temperatures. The investigations were conducted in climate controlled chambers at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32ºC, UR 70 ± 10 percent and 12-hour photophase, with 150 insects at each temperature. There was gradual mortality at all temperatures studied. The longest life expectancy and longevity values for the aphids were at 12ºC. The highest net reproduction rates (Ro) and longest population doubling time (DT) were also found at 12ºC. The survival (l x) started to diminish after 3.5 days at 24ºC and after the first day at the other temperatures, gradually declining with the development of the insect. The time interval between each generation (T) decreased as the temperature increased up to 28ºC. The highest specific fertility (m x) and total fecundity were recorded at 24ºC. The smallest value for innate capacity to increase in number (r m) were at 12ºC. The finite increase ratio (λ) were highest at 20 e 24ºC. The temperature of 24ºC is most suitable for the population density of S. flava to increase on elephant grass because it provides the highest values for the reproductive parameters.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the growth and development as well as reproductive capacity of CL Long Evans rats. Methods Eighty CL Long Evans rats(80 days old)were bred in a barrier system. A monogamous mating system is used to reproduce 5 litters. Their main indexes of growth and reproduction were determined. The body weight gain of 60 second litter rats were analyzed from day 20 to 100. Results The number and weight of the fetus, the weaning time weight per cote and per litter in the second litter were the highest, and the fifth litter was the lowest. The growth and development curve was the same as that announced by Taconic. Conclusion Long Evans rats have been confirmed suitable for continual reproduction for 4 litters and the second litter is the best one for mating.