ABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo pretende discutir, a partir de um relato biográfico, a prática de aborto em contexto popular enquanto estratégia de cuidar de si. Para tanto, analisa a história de vida de Helena, uma mulher de camada popular, marcada pela violência de gênero e a desigualdade social. Trata das leituras e das práticas de eventos da vida sexual e reprodutiva como "regra", "fazer descer", "abortar", "ter filhos" e "ter companheiro", com o intuito de compreender o manejo empreendido entre códigos hegemônicos, usos cotidianos e modos de sobrevivência da solidão e da violência.
Abstract This article discusses the practice of abortion in a popular context as a strategy of caring for oneself, by analyzing the life story of Helena, a working class woman whose trajectory is marked by gender violence and social inequality. It deals with the understanding and practices of sexual and reproductive life events, such as "menses", "provoking menstruation", "abortion", "having children" and "having a partner", in order to understand the management undertaken at the intersection of hegemonic codes, daily practices, and modes of surviving solitude and violence.
Resumen Este artículo pretender discutir, a partir de una biografía, la práctica del aborto en un contexto popular como uno de los modos de una cuidarse a sí misma. Por eso, analiza la historia de vida de Helena, una mujer de estrato popular, marcada por la violencia de género y por la desigualdad social. Por eso, son abordadas las interpretaciones de eventos de la vida sexual y reproductiva como la "regla", "hacer bajar la menstruación", "abortar", "tener hijos" y "estar en pareja", para comprender el manejo de códigos sociales hegemónicos, sus usos cotidianos y modos de sobrevivencia a la solitud y a la violencia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Social Control, Informal , Brazil , Women's Health/trends , Abortion, Induced/methods , Domestic Violence , Battered Women , Social Vulnerability , Qualitative Research , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
El Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) constituye la endocrinopatía más frecuente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva. En los últimos años se avanzó considerablemente en la comprensión clínica y fisiopatológica del SOP. Sin embargo los aspectos comportamentales del SOP continúan siendo menos claros. El objetivo del actual trabajo radicó en revisar las alteraciones en el ánimo y en el rendimiento cognitivo en mujeres con SOP. Se buscaron artículos originales publicados en las bases de datos Pubmed y Science direct (lapso 2006-2015). Se concluye que las mujeres con SOP experimentan con frecuencia depresión y trastornos de ansiedad. El índice de masa corporal resultó el principal predictor de psicopatología. Un estudio longitudinal de grandes dimensiones desestimó un mayor riesgo para trastornos bipolares. Por otro lado algunos estudios señalaron dificultades en el rendimiento cognitivo en mujeres con SOP, particularmente en funciones verbales. En cuanto a un supuesto perfil cognitivo más masculino en el SOP, existen evidencias a favor y evidencias en contra. En fin, no es posible confirmar la presencia de déficits cognitivos, ni tampoco un perfil específico en el SOP, ya que la investigación sobre sus aspectos cognitivos continúa siendo muy escasa. Respecto a los mecanismos explicativos de las alteraciones comportamentales del SOP, se propone la existencia tanto de factores biológicos como psicosocioculturales. Por último, y a raíz de la revisión actual, se sugiere asignar mayor relevancia clínica a los trastornos asociados al ánimo en mujeres con SOP e incrementar la investigación sobre los aspectos cognitivos de esta enfermedad...
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age. In recent years substantial progress was made in the clinical and pathophysiological understanding of PCOS. However the behavioral aspects of PCOS are still less clear. The aim of the present work was to review the changes in mood and cognitive performance in women with PCOS. We searched for original articles published in the databases Pubmed and Science direct (period 2006-2015). It is concluded that women with PCOS frequently experience depression and anxiety disorders. The body mass index was the main predictor of psychopathology. Meanwhile, a large longitudinal study dismissed an increased risk for bipolar disorder. On the other hand, some studies reported difficulties in cognitive performance in women with PCOS, particularly in verbal functions. As for a course more masculine cognitive profile in the PCOS, there are evidences in favor and against. It is not possible to confirm the presence of cognitive deficits in PCOS , nor a specific profile, because the research on the cognitive aspects of PCOS remains scarce. Regarding mechanisms explanatory of behavioral disturbances in PCOS, it is proposed the existence of biological and psychosocial/cultural factors. Following the current review, it is suggested allocate clinical relevance for mood disorders in women with PCOS and increase research of its cognitive aspects...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cognition , Depression , Hyperandrogenism , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/psychologyABSTRACT
Modelos teóricos inspirados na teoria da história de vida têm avaliado padrões de reprodução humanos em países desenvolvidos, com resultados ainda não conclusivos. Em vista das condições de vida na população brasileira, foram investigadas relações entre marcos da carreira reprodutiva feminina, condições ambientais e variáveis psicossociais relacionadas às condições de criação. Foram entrevistadas 606 mulheres em seis estados. Os resultados apóiam a teoria da história de vida, mostrando associações entre condições de vida na infância e início da vida sexual e da reprodução, mas não com a idade da menarca. Sugerimos que diferentes marcadores da vida reprodutiva podem estar sob controle de diferentes fenômenos e que a diversidade de condições da população brasileira oferece contextos alternativos para testar hipóteses.
Several models inspired by the life history theory have assessed the patterns of human reproduction in developed countries with promising but inconclusive results. Considering the diversity of life conditions in Brazil, we investigated the relationship between the time of main events in female reproductive life, environmental conditions and psychosocial variables related to child-rearing. We interviewed 606 women in six different states in Brazil. Results corroborate the life history theory, showing associations among the investigated factors, especially between life conditions during childhood and the beginning of sexual life and reproduction, but not to sexual maturity. We suggest that landmarks in reproductive life, although related, can be under the influence of several phenomena. Diversity of life conditions in Brazil offers alternative contexts to hypotheses testing.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Reproductive Behavior/psychology , Child Rearing/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Cultural CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge and practice about tetanus toxoid immunization of a group students from a public university. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out on 113 female students randomly selected from Dhaka University. The interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 19.7±1.2 years (mean±SD). About 90% of the respondents knew about tetanus. Regarding age groups prone to develop tetanus, 49% respondents told ‘children <1 year’, 26.5% ‘neonate’, 14.7% ‘children of 1-5 years’, 3.9% ‘children of 6-12 years’, 5.8% ‘women of 15 years and above’. Respondents showed lack of knowledge about the target group for TT vaccination. None has mentioned about the necessity of TT immunization before the start of reproductive life. Regarding number of dose for complete vaccination 60% respondents mentioned ‘five’, 10.9% ‘three’ and 4.9% ‘two’. Twenty two percent (22.1%) of the respondents did not know. Over one-third (34.5%) of the respondents was found to be completely immunized, 24.8% on schedule, 17.7% incompletely immunized and 23% was not at all immunized. Respondents’ source of knowledge about TT immunization was TV in 35% cases followed by health workers 24%, newspaper 16%, radio and other sources 25%. Among the nonvaccinated group 50% respondents told of their unawareness about need for vaccination against tetanus before the start of their reproductive life, 15.4% told about lack of information regarding of place and time of vaccination and 19.6% complained about inconvenience schedule and place of vaccination. Conclusions: More than two-thirds of the respondents had knowledge about tetanus toxoid immunization before the start of their reproductive life but only half of them were completely vaccinated. Mass media found to be the main source of information. So planners and policy-makers should utilize mass medium and gear up the activities of health workers to convey the correct massages regarding tetanus toxoid immunization to its clients.