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1.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 35(2): 570-585, mar./apr. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048611

ABSTRACT

Pyrostegia venusta is usually found in the secondary growth of the Atlantic forests, and in the Brazilian Savanna. Flowers and leaves of this plant are used in folk remedies for treating a wide variety of healthy conditions, this way is important evaluate its safety and antioxidant potential for this applications. For this, was made a ethanolic extract from its flowers and analyzed with toxicological,genotoxicity and antioxidant tests, the toxicological analysis was made by reproductive toxicity in rats and clatogenicity/aneugenicity in human lymphocytes. The genotoxicity was studied by micronucleus test mice bone marrow. The antimutagenic test in root cells of Allium cepa, the antioxidant assays used was DPPH, FRAP, Lipid Perxidation and REM, beyond of that the extract was analyzed in HPLC showing the profile of its compounds. The toxicological analysis showed that P. venusta has no negative significant effect on reproductive and cellular level. The micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow, the extract protected cells from cyclophosphamide, mutagenic compound, in a similar way. The A. cepa test showed that the extract reduced chromosomal disorders formations. The antioxidant activity of extract was significant, except in REM test. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids compounds. P. venusta extract does not present reproductive toxicity and genotoxic effects. However, the extract of this species showed antigenotoxic and antioxidant potential, possibly due to the different flavonoid compounds present in its extract.


Pyrostegia venusta é geralmente encontrada no crescimento secundário das florestas atlânticas e na savana brasileira. Flores e folhas desta planta são utilizadas em remédios populares para tratar uma grande variedade de doenças, desta forma é importante avaliar a segurança e o potencial antioxidante para estas aplicações. Para tanto, o extrato etanólico das flores foi avaliado com testes toxicológicos, genotóxicos e antioxidants. A análise toxicológica foi realizada por meio da toxicidade reprodutiva em ratos e a clatogenicidade/aneugenicidade em linfócitos humanos, a genotoxicidade foi estudada por teste de micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongo. A antimutagenicidade em células da raiz de Allium cepa. Os ensaios antioxidantes utilizados foram DPPH, FRAP, TARBS e MRE. O extrato foi analisado em HPLC. A análise toxicológica reprodutiva mostrou que P. venusta não tem efeito negativo sobre o nível reprodutivo e cellular. No teste do micronúcleo o extrato protegeu as células da ciclofosfamida, um composto mutagênico. O teste de A. cepa mostrou que o extrato reduziu as formações dos distúrbios cromossômicos. A atividade antioxidante do extrato foi significativa, exceto no teste REM. A análise fitoquímica mostrou a presença de compostos flavonoídicos. O extrato de P. venusta não apresenta toxicidade reprodutiva e efeitos genotóxicos. No entanto, o extrato desta espécie apresentou potencial antigenotóxico e antioxidante, possivelmente devido aos diferentes compostos flavonoídicos presentes em seu extrato.


Subject(s)
Toxicology , Flavonoids , Mutagenesis , Phenolic Compounds , Oxidation , Medicine, Traditional , Mutagens
2.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 55(4): [e145008], Dezembro 21, 2018.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-998576

ABSTRACT

Reproductive and developmental toxicology has focused on the need to approach the effects of organism exposure to various drugs during pregnancy after the mid-50's, when the thalidomide tragedy stroke humanity. In recent decades, this area of study has developed a lot due to animal testing, raising awareness on the need to improve the quality of life of such animals. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate how the science of animal welfare can improve scientific research as a whole, including the reproductive and developmental toxicology fields, by emphasizing environmental enrichment in animal facilities. To do so, we conducted an integrative literature review on several quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches that are applicable to toxicology studies. Here, we present evidence that environmental enrichment improves animal welfare and prevents or reduces the negative effects of captive housing, which must be a principle of toxicological research for ethical, legal and scientific reasons.(AU)


Na toxicologia da reprodução e do desenvolvimento, a atenção necessária foi dada aos efeitos da exposição do organismo às inúmeras drogas durante o período gestacional somente após a metade dos anos 50, quando a tragédia da talidomida atingiu a humanidade. Assim, esta área alcançou desenvolvimento científico com a contribuição da experimentação animal nas últimas décadas. O uso de animais de laboratórios para a pesquisa científica expôs a necessidade de melhorar a qualidade de vida destas espécies. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar como a ciência do bem-estar animal pode melhorar a pesquisa científica como um todo, incluindo na área de toxicologia da reprodução e de desenvolvimento, enfatizando o enriquecimento ambiental em biotérios. Uma revisão integrativa de literatura foi realizada, incluindo abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas, quais podem ser aplicadas para estudos de toxicologia. Aqui, são mostradas evidências de que o enriquecimento ambiental melhora o bem-estar animal e previne ou reduz os efeitos negativos do cativeiro, qual deve um princípio da pesquisa toxicológica por razões éticas, argumentos legais e garantias científicas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Toxicology/classification , Animal Welfare , Animal Experimentation
3.
National Journal of Andrology ; (12): 370-375, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-689747

ABSTRACT

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have similar physiological and biological effects to those of plant hormones, and therefore are used widely in agroforestry. The residues of PGRs in agricultural products are seriously detrimental to human health because they have been found with hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, even carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. Furthermore, PGRs are suspected to disrupt the function of human and animal reproductive systems. This paper presents an overview on various toxicities of PGRs on human and animal reproductive health and their underlying mechanisms, aiming to arouse people's attention to PGR residues in food and environment and reduce PGR-induced damage to the male reproductive system and to human health as well.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Plant Growth Regulators , Toxicity , Reproduction , Reproductive Health
4.
National Journal of Andrology ; (12): 757-762, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-812882

ABSTRACT

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is found not only nephrotoxic, teratogenic, neurotoxic, and immunotoxic, but also reprotoxic for human and animals. In the recent decade, more attention has been paid to the impact of OTA on human reproduction and the studies of its underlying mechanisms. Many studies show that OTA affects the function of the reproductive system by acting as an endocrine disrupter and, as a testicular toxin, decreases sperm quality and even induces testis cancer. This review summarizes the toxicological characteristics and toxicokinetic process of OTA as well as recent progress in the studies of various toxic effects of OTA and their underlying mechanisms, hoping to call the attention from more people to the toxicity of OTA to male reproductive health.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Endocrine Disruptors , Pharmacokinetics , Toxicity , Fertility , Ochratoxins , Pharmacokinetics , Toxicity , Reproduction , Spermatozoa , Testicular Neoplasms , Testis
5.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 32(4): 1092-1102, july/aug. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-965657

ABSTRACT

The study evaluated the histomorphometrical aspects of testis and epididymis of adult rats with pulmonary emphysema experimentally induced by exposure to cigarette smoke for 30 weeks. Previous studies related to effects of the cigarette smoke on male reproductive tissue were performed in relatively shorter time periods and thus, it does not allow a direct correlation between smoke exposure and damage to reproductive structures like testis and epididymis. In order to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke for long period on the testis and epididymis, twelve adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Control (CG; exposed to ambient air) and Smoking (SG; exposed to cigarette smoke). The weight of the testes, epididymides, seminal glands and prostate were not affected (p>0.05) by experimental treatment. In the SG, the testes presented cellular desquamation, significant decrease in the number of germ cells and Sertoli cell, and reduction (p<0.05) in area and diameter of seminiferous tubules. The exposure of animals to cigarette smoke did not promoted histological changes in the epididymis, but decreased significantly the ductular area and epithelial height in the caput and corpus regions. It was concluded that testis was more susceptible than the epididymis to the effects of cigarette smoke constituents in rats with pulmonary emphysema experimentally induced by prolonged cigarette-smoke exposure.


O estudo avaliou os aspectos histomorfométricos dos testículos e epidídimos de ratos adultos induzidos experimentalmente ao enfisema pulmonar por exposição à fumaça de cigarro, durante 30 semanas. Estudos prévios relacionados aos efeitos da fumaça de cigarro sobre o aparelho reprodutor masculino foram realizados com tempos de exposição relativamente curtos e, dessa forma, não permitem estabelecer uma correlação direta entre exposição à fumaça e danos às estruturas reprodutoras, como testículo e epidídimo. Buscando, portanto, avaliar o efeito da fumaça de cigarro sobre os testículos e epidídimos de animais expostos por longos períodos à fumaça de cigarro, doze ratos albinos da linhagem Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos: Controle (GC; expostos ao ar ambiente) e Tabagista (GT; expostos à fumaça de cigarro). Os pesos dos testículos, epidídimos, glândulas seminais e próstata não foram afetados (p>0,05) pelo tratamento experimental. No GT, os testículos apresentaram descamação celular, diminuição significativa no número de células germinativas e células de Sertoli, além de uma redução (p<0,05) na área e diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos. A exposição dos animais à fumaça de cigarro não promoveu alterações histológicas nos epidídimos, mas diminuiu significativamente a área ductular e a altura epitelial nas regiões de cabeça e cauda. Concluiu-se que os testículos foram mais susceptíveis do que os epidídimos aos efeitos dos constituintes da fumaça de cigarro em ratos induzidos experimentalmente ao enfisema pulmonar.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Emphysema , Reproduction , Smoke , Toxicology , Comorbidity , Tobacco Products
6.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 52(4): 342-349, 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780259

ABSTRACT

Samanea tubulosa is a plant used for medicinal and feeding purposes. However, ingestion of S. tubulosa pods has been associated with bovine abortion. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of diet containing 5% of S. tubulosa pod meal on male and female Wistar rats. Diet was administered to male rats (n = 10) for 60 days before mating. Female rats (n = 10) received the treatment for 30 days, during cohabitation and from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD20. Treated animals were mated with untreated rats. In male rats, plant consumption caused decreased food consumption and 20% fertility index reduction. Litters from treated males presented lower body weight and crownrump length. Female rats treated with the plant increased water and food intake and body weight. Decreases in fertility, fecundity and gestation indices and increase of placenta weight and mean number of corpora lutea were found. Thus, owing to the possible general and reproductive toxic effects, long-term consumption of S. tubulosa is not recommended for phytotherapic or food purposes...


Samanea tubulosa é uma planta utilizada na fitoterapia e na alimentação animal. Entretanto, a ingestão de vagens de S. tubulosa tem sido associada à ocorrência de abortos em bovinos. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da dieta contendo 5% de vagens de S. tubulosa em ratos machos e fêmeas Wistar. A dieta foi administrada para ratos machos (n = 10) por 60 dias antes do acasalamento. Ratos fêmeas (n = 10) receberam o tratamento por 30 dias, durante a coabitação e do dia gestacional (GD) 0 ao GD 20. As fêmeas tratadas foram acasaladas com ratos não tratados. Em machos, o consumo da planta causou diminuição no consumo de ração e redução de 20% no índice de fertilidade. A prole de machos tratados apresentou menor ganho de peso e comprimento cabeça cauda. Fêmeas tratadas com a planta apresentaram aumento do consumo de ração e água e do peso corporal. Ainda, foram observadas diminuição na fertilidade, fecundidade e no índice de gestação e aumento do peso da placenta e no número médio de corpos lúteos. Desse modo, em decorrência aos possíveis efeitos tóxicos sistêmicos e reprodutivos, o consumo prolongado de S. tubulosa não é recomendado para fins fitoterápicos ou alimentar...


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Abortion, Veterinary/prevention & control , Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animal Feed/toxicity , Rats, Wistar/metabolism , Birth Rate , Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents/analysis , Estrous Cycle , Fertility , Ovarian Follicle/physiology
7.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 55(2): 257-262, Mar.-Apr. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622705

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the male reproductive system. Adult male rats were exposed to NaF in drinking water for 30 days at three concentrations: 1.54 (control, tap water), 50 and 100 ppm. Body and organ weights, daily sperm production, sperm number and morphology were investigated. No difference was observed on the sperm number and morphology among the groups, as well as body weight and organ absolute and relative weights. Overall, despite the presence of a mild degree of dental fluorosis in the higher dose group, the results indicated that exposure to NaF at the doses used in the present study did not adversely affect sperm production and morphology of male rats.

8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(4): 845-852, Aug. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562051

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito de duas preparações fitoterápicas comerciais que continham soja sobre o desenvolvimento geral e sexual da progênie de ratos Wistar e sobre o potencial teratogênico das preparações fitoterápicas durante um estudo de toxicidade reprodutiva. Para tanto, observaram-se, diariamente, as características de desenvolvimento dos filhotes e analisou-se o comportamento em campo aberto, e, para avaliar o potencial teratogênico, realizou-se diafanização dos fetos removidos por cesariana. Inferiu-se que o tratamento dos pais não comprometeu o desenvolvimento de sua progênie e também não determinou efeitos teratogênicos aos fetos de ratos Wistar.


The effect of two commercial phytotherapic preparations containing soy was evaluated on the general and sexual development of Wistar rats offspring and on the teratogenic potential during a reproductive toxicity study. For this, the offspring development characteristics were daily observed, and the behavior in open field was studied. To assess the teratogenic potential, diaphanization of the fetuses removed by caesarean section was done. It was concluded that the treatment of the parents did not compromise the development of their progeny and also did not determine the teratogenic effects in the fetuses.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Sexual Development , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Rats, Wistar/growth & development , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced , Glycine max
9.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 32(4): 423-429, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-877595

ABSTRACT

Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler is a common plant in Brazilian cerrado. Fruits of this plant are employed in human feeding and folk medicine. Cattle producers affirm that consumption of the fruits cause abortion in cows, and even death. Considering that the plant may be consumed by pregnant women and animals, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible toxic effects of the ingestion of B. tomentosa fruit (10% added to the diet), from the first to the twenty-first days of gestation, on reproductive parameters and on physical and neurobehavioral development of rats offspring. An increase in food consumption at pregnancy days 11 and 17, and weight increase at day 17 of pregnancy were observed. Besides that, we verified an increase in weight of male offspring on post natal day 1. Other parameters were not affected by plant consumption. These results indicate that the consumption of B. tomentosa at 10% during pregnancy cause slight toxicological effects. The changes verified in the present study indicate toxic action of the fruit possibly induced by flavonoids with hormonal action; however, further studies must be accomplished to corroborate this hypothesis.


Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler é uma planta típica do cerrado brasileiro. Os frutos desta planta são empregados na alimentação humana e medicina popular. Criadores de bovinos afirmam que o consumo desta planta produz aborto em vacas bem como a morte destes animais. Uma vez que a planta pode ser consumida pelo homem e animais, em idade fértil e inclusive gestantes, o presente estudo avaliou os possíveis efeitos tóxicos da ingestão de dieta com 10% de frutos de B. tomentosa do primeiro ao vigésimo primeiro dia de gestação sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos e sobre o desenvolvimento físico e neurocomportamental das ninhadas de ratos. Foram observadas elevações no consumo de alimentos nos dias 11 e 17 de gestação e no peso ao dia 17 de gestação. Aumento do peso dos filhotes machos foi verificado no primeiro dia após o nascimento. Outros parâmetros não foram afetados pelo consumo da planta. Estes resultados indicam que a ingestão, durante a gestação, de uma dieta acrescida com 10% de B. tomentosa causa efeitos tóxicos leves. As alterações verificadas no presente estudo indicam ação tóxica do fruto possivelmente induzidos por flavonoides de ação hormonal; no entanto, estudos detalhados devem ser conduzidos para garantir esta hipótese.


Subject(s)
Rats , Plants, Toxic , Teratology , Toxicology
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(3): 765-770, sept. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-598934

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of boron (B) using as a biological model Drosophila malanogaster. Analizing specifically the responses over descendency to doses of 6,0 and 12 mg/L, comparing a control group which culture medium was prepared with water with boron concentrations of 0,6 mg/L, according to World Health Organization. The results show a significative alteration in the number of descendency from F1 to F3 and then a tendency to normalization in F4 and F5. Also a significant change in proportions between the males and females, with an acute effect on F1 and then a possible chronic effect from F2 to F5, increasing the proportion of females over males. This differences between genders are significant only until F4, on F5 these proportions are not significant. In F3 in doses of 12.0 mg/L of boron, it is observed a larger range of changes, altering the phenotypic expression, where the numbers of males which increase their size are significantly higher of those females who increase their size, 10 percent and 5,2 percent respectively. There is a tendency to normality in every pattern of study from the descendants of F4 and F5, above all the percentage of survival, possibly due action of steroid hormones of resistance to stress such as "ecdysone hormone".


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del boro (B), usando como modelo biológico a Drosophila melanogaster. Específicamente analizar las respuestas sobre la descendencia a dosis de 6,0 y 12 mg/L y comparar con el grupo control cuya concentración de boro en el agua del medio de cultivo no supera los 0,6 mg/L, según los estándares de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los resultados muestran una alteración significativa en el número de la descendencia desde F1 a F3 y luego una tendencia a la normalización a partir de la F4 y F5. También hay un cambio significativo en las proporciones entre machos y hembras, con un efecto agudo en F1 y luego un posible efecto crónico desde F2 a F5, aumentando la proporción de hembras con respecto a los machos. Sin embargo estas diferencias entre sexos ya no son significativas solamente hasta F4. En F5 estas proporciones no son significativas. En F3 en dosis de 12 mg/L de boro, se observan los mayores cambios, alterando la expresión fenotípica, donde el número de machos que incrementan su tamaño, son significativamente más altos con respecto a las hembras que aumentan de tamaño. La tendencia a la normalidad en todos los patrones de estudio a partir de la descendencia F4 a F5, sobre todo en el porcentaje de sobreviva, posiblemente se deba a la acción de hormonas esteroidales de resistencia al estrés, tal como la hormona "Ecdysona".


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Boron/toxicity , Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development , Drosophila melanogaster , Boron/pharmacology , Culture Media , Reproduction
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