ABSTRACT
Resumen La delincuencia juvenil implica la concreción de conductas tipificadas como delito según un marco legal, por una población exenta de responsabilidades jurídicas plenas. Dados los cambios biológicos, cognitivos y sociales que confluyen durante la adolescencia, es preciso que desde la psicología se enriquezca el contexto teórico sobre las variables que inciden en la aparición de conductas tipificadas como delito durante este periodo vital. Por tal razón, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo describir los factores de riesgo y de protección para la manifestación de conductas delictivas durante la adolescencia. El método desarrollado consistió en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, concretamente de artículos empíricos publicados en español e inglés en las bases de datos Scopus y Redalyc en una ventana de tiempo comprendida entre enero de 1998 y junio de 2019. Como resultado se encontró un total de 2,202 estudios, después del proceso de cribado y verificación de los criterios de exclusión e inclusión se seleccionaron 41 artículos como unidades de análisis. Con base en el modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1987), en la lectura a texto completo de los artículos seleccionados se identificaron 16 factores de riesgo en el microsistema y cuatro en el exosistema, además de 13 factores de la dimensión personal. Del mismo modo, se hallaron factores de protección, siete enmarcados en el microsistema, uno en el exosistema, y siete dentro de la dimensión personal. La discusión de los resultados está centrada en las consideraciones a tener en cuenta en los programas de prevención e intervención de las conductas tipificadas como delito en la adolescencia.
Abstract Juvenile crime implies a population exempt from full legal responsibilities performing behaviors defined as a crime according to a legal framework. Due to the biological, cognitive and social changes that coalesce during adolescence, it is necessary to enrich the theoretical context of the variables that influence the appearance of these criminal behaviors during this vital period from a psychological perspective. For this reason, this study's objective was to describe the risk and protective factors of demonstrating criminal behaviors during adolescence. The developed method consisted of a systematic review of literature, specifically empirical articles published in English and Spanish in the Scopus and Redalyc databases in a period of time between January 1998 and June 2019. As a result, 2,202 studies were found. After the screening process and having verified exclusion and inclusion criteria, 41 articles were selected as units of analysis. Based on the Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (1987), after having fully read the selected articles, 16 risk factors were identified in the microsystem and four in the exosystem, in addition to 13 factors in the personal dimension. In the same way, protective factors were observed - seven in the microsystem, one in the exosystem and seven in the personal dimension. The discussion on these results focuses on the considerations to be taken into account in prevention and intervention programs for criminal behaviors during adolescence.
Resumo A delinquência juvenil implica a realização de condutas classificadas como crime, segundo um marco legal, por uma população isenta de plenas responsabilidades jurídicas. Dadas as mudanças biológicas, cognitivas e sociais que convergem durante a adolescência, é necessário que a partir da psicologia seja enriquecido o contexto teórico sobre as variáveis que afetam o aparecimento de condutas classificadas como crime neste período vital. Por esse motivo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os fatores de risco e proteção para a manifestação de comportamentos delitivos na adolescência. O método desenvolvido consistiu em uma revisão sistemática de literatura, especificamente de artigos empíricos publicados em espanhol e inglês nas bases de datos Scopus e Redalyc no período de janeiro de 1998 a junho de 2019. Como resultado, foram encontrados 2.202 estudos e, após o processo de triagem e verificação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão, foram selecionados 41 artigos como unidades de análise. Na leitura dos textos completos dos artigos selecionados, com base no modelo bioecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1987), foram identificados 16 fatores de risco no microssistema e quatro no exossistema, além de 13 fatores da dimensão pessoal. Da mesma forma, foram encontrados fatores de proteção, sete enquadrados no microssistema, um no exossistema e sete na dimensão pessoal. A discussão dos resultados está centrada nas considerações a levar em conta nos programas de prevenção e intervenção das condutas classificadas como crime na adolescência.
Subject(s)
Humans , Juvenile Delinquency , Risk , Dangerous BehaviorABSTRACT
Resumo Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise das ações de divulgação e popularização da ciência na Fiocruz a partir de duas perspectivas. O estudo tem por objetivo investigar como se organiza um sistema de divulgação e popularização da ciência em uma instituição científica de grande porte e como esse sistema se articula com seu discurso institucional. Além de fazer uma breve revisão da evolução do tema na história da Fiocruz, realizamos um levantamento de como o mesmo tem sido tratado nos documentos oficiais de planejamento. Com o mapeamento das ações realizadas em 2015 e 2016, foi possível compreender melhor esse universo e classificá-lo de acordo com suas características junto ao público.
Abstract An analysis is presented of actions taken by the Brazilian research institution Fiocruz for the communication and popularization of science, from two perspectives. The aim was to investigate how a system for the communication and popularization of science is organized at a large scientific institution and how it is articulated with the institutional discourse. A brief review is presented of how the topic has developed over the history of Fiocruz, followed by a discussion of the way it has been addressed in its official planning documents. The science communication/popularization actions undertaken in 2015 and 2016 were mapped out and classified according to how they interact with the public, giving a better understanding of this area.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Science/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Science/education , Brazil , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Foundations/historyABSTRACT
Objective:Investigator Initiated Trials (IIT) play a key role in promoting comprehensively the development and homogeneity of clinical diagnosis and treatment, thus, this article aims to explore a set of recommendations for the construction and management of clinical research institutes that support IIT.Methods:Through the combination of literature review and institutional construction practice cases, based on the experience of domestic and foreign universities and well-functioning medical institutions in building clinical research centers, as well as summarizing the construction cases of the clinical research institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, to discuss the construction and management plan of such centers.Results:Propose recommendations for the construction and management standards of clinical research centers that support IIT, covering the principles of center construction, basic settings, organizational structure, functional departments, basic platforms, staffing, document management and institutional evaluation.Conclusions:We hope this study can provide reference to universities and medical institutions for the construction of the clinical research institute.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Knowledge of decomposition residual odor volatiles can improve cadaver dog training and forensic techniques for victim recovery. The purpose of this study is to characterize decomposition VOCs in soils contaminated with decomposing porcine remains throughout various decomposition phases in an outdoor environment. Both a pig-meat simulation model as well as pig carcasses were used in place of human cadavers, allowed to decompose for three distinctive time periods, 14, 17 and 21 days, and then removed from the deposition site. After removal, the headspace of soil samples, taken from under the cadaver decomposition island (CDI), were analyzed once per week for a period of 4 weeks using solid phase micro extraction- gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) as the instrumental analysis method. While there have been limited studies in terms of volatile residual odor in soil matrices, it is the goal of this work to further expand the analytical knowledge of residual decomposition odor volatiles by adding another geographical location such as the West Texas region characterized by arid and colder climate conditions. Characterization of VOCs of interest was conducted highlighting trends in abundance and presence as a function of remains contact with soil surface as well as post-remains removal soil collection times.
Resumen Mediante el conocimiento de las sustancias volátiles de olor por descomposición residual se puede mejorar el adiestramiento de perros de venteo y las técnicas forenses para la recuperación de víctimas. El propósito de este estudio es caracterizar los compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV) de descomposición en suelos contaminados con restos porcinos en estado de descomposición a lo largo de varias fases en un entorno exterior. Se utilizó un modelo de simulación de carne de cerdo y de cadáveres de cerdos en lugar de cadáveres humanos, los cuales se dejaron descomponer durante tres períodos de tiempo distintos: 14, 17 y 21 días; posteriormente se retiraron del lugar de depósito. Después de la extracción, el espacio vacío de las muestras de suelo, tomadas de debajo de la isla de descomposición cadavérica (CDI, por sus siglas en inglés), se analizaron una vez por semana durante un período de 4 semanas utilizando la microextracción en fase sólida -cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas (SPME-GC/MS, por sus siglas en inglés) como método de análisis instrumental. Si bien se han realizado estudios limitados con respecto a los olores residuales volátiles en las matrices del suelo, el objetivo de esta labor es ampliar aún más los conocimientos analíticos acerca de las sustancias volátiles de olor por descomposición residual añadiendo otra ubicación geográfica como la región del oeste de Texas, caracterizada por condiciones climáticas áridas y más frías. Se llevó a cabo la caracterización de los COV de interés, destacando las tendencias en la abundancia y presencia en función del contacto de los restos con la superficie del suelo, así como los tiempos de recolección del suelo después de la eliminación de los restos.
Resumo Através do conhecimento das substâncias odoríferas voláteis devido à decomposição residual, podem ser aprimorados o treinamento dos cães farejadores e as técnicas forenses para a recuperação das vítimas. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar compostos orgânicos voláteis de decomposição (COV) em solos contaminados com restos suínos em estado de decomposição ao longo de várias fases em um ambiente externo. Foi utilizado um modelo de simulação de carne de porco e carcaças de suínos em vez de carcaças humanas, que foram deixadas em decomposição por três períodos diferentes: 14, 17 e 21 dias; eles foram posteriormente removidos do local de depósito. Após a extração, o espaço vazio das amostras de solo, retiradas da ilha de decomposição cadavérica (CDI em inglês), foram analisadas uma vez por semana durante um período de 4 semanas usando microextração em fase sólida - cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa (SPME-GC / MS em inglês) como método de análise instrumental. Embora tenham sido realizados estudos limitados sobre odores residuais voláteis em matrizes de solo, o objetivo deste trabalho é expandir ainda mais o conhecimento analítico sobre substâncias voláteis de odor residual de decomposição, adicionando outra localização geográfica, como a região do Oeste do Texas, caracterizado por condições climáticas áridas e frias. Foi realizada a caracterização dos COVs de interesse, destacando as tendências de abundância e presença em função do contato dos restos com a superfície do solo, bem como os tempos de coleta do solo após a remoção dos restos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dogs , Research , Police , Death , DogsABSTRACT
O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a percepção de QVT dos trabalhadores de um instituto de pesquisa brasileiro. A base teórico-metodológica para o estudo é a Ergonomia da Atividade Aplicada à Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho. Participaram da pesquisa 275 respondentes. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o Inventário de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, disponibilizado em versão digital para todos os trabalhadores da organização. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por meio do software estatístico SPSS. Os principais resultados indicam que: os trabalhadores da organização percebem bem-estar no trabalho moderado e que fatores "organização do trabalho" e "reconhecimento e crescimento profissional" apontam para necessidade de mudanças. Os resultados obtidos forneceram subsídios fundamentais para o instituto formular o programa de QVT da organização.
The objective of this research was to analyze how Brazilian Research Insti-tute workers perceive QWL. The theoretical and methodological basis for the study was the Activity Ergonomics Applied to Quality of Work Life. For this purpose, 275 persons participated in the survey. To collect the data, we used the Inventory Assessment of Quality of Work Life, available in digital version for all workers of the organization. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software. The main results indicated that: workers perceive organizational well-being at moderate level and that the factors "work organization" and "recognition and professional growth" indicate the need for changes. The results provided crucial information for the institute, so that the QWL program of the organization could be reformulated.
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la percepción de CVL de los trabaja-dores de un instituto de investigación brasileño. La base teórica y metodológica para el estudio es la Ergonomía de la Actividad Aplicada a la de Calidad de Vida Laboral. Participaron de esta investigación 275 personas. Para recopilar los datos, se utilizó el Inventario de Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida Laboral, disponible en versión digital para todos los empleados de la organización. El análisis de datos se realizó a través del programa SPSS. Los principales resul-tados indicaron que: los trabajadores de la organización perciben bienestar moderado y que factores como "organización del trabajo" y "reconocimiento y crecimiento profesional" apuntan la necesidad de cambios. Los resultados proporcionaron informaciones fundamentales para que el instituto formule el programa de CVL de la organización.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Perception , Quality of Life/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research , Work-Life Balance , Government Employees/psychologyABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo analisa as atividades científicas de Carlos Artur Moncorvo de Figueiredo desenvolvidas na Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro, fundada por ele. As ações profissionais e políticas desse médico foram fundamentais à implementação da pediatria, tanto no campo do estabelecimento de um espaço técnico de cura como na formação de uma cátedra especial de ensino da pediatria nas faculdades de medicina do Império, à época sediadas na Corte e em Salvador. O que se encontrará aqui é uma defesa de que a pediatria surgiu como desdobramento de um movimento pela implementação da medicina experimental, e não como uma questão social em torno do combate à mortalidade infantil, como comumente se encontra implícito na historiografia.
Abstract The scientific activities of Carlos Artur Moncorvo de Figueiredo at the General Polyclinic of Rio de Janeiro (Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro), which he himself founded, are analyzed. His professional and political actions were fundamental for the introduction of pediatrics both in the establishment of a technical space for healing and in the formation of a specific discipline for the teaching of pediatrics at the faculties of medicine in the Empire, then based in the Court and in Salvador. Rather than arising in response to the social issue surrounding the fight against infant mortality, as is often implied in the historiography, pediatrics seems to have emerged from a movement for the implementation of experimental medicine.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Pediatrics/history , Ambulatory Care Facilities/history , Pediatrics/education , Brazil , Biomedical Research/history , Education, Medical/historyABSTRACT
AIM: Given the fact that Chongqing is a place rich in medical resource and the government is marking every effort in promoting the reform of drug clinical trial evaluation and the development of medical and health industry, the present study was designed to evaluating the current status of drug clinical research institute in Chongqing by investigating its administrative staff to further find ways for innovative development. METHODS: This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 54 managers from 20 clinical drug trial institutions in our city and systematically analyzed the level of institutions construction in our city by comparing the corresponding public data.RESULTS: Analyze of questionnaire survey revealed that the projected preformed in Chongqing were mainly from domestic pharmaceutical companies (90.00%) while 65%of the institutes took less than 40 projects in the past 3 years. The working seniority of administrative staff were mainly less than 6 years (79.59%) while some of the administrative staff still didn't get systemic training on clinical research. Additionally, public data analyze has revealed that 81 projects were registered as "ongoing" on ClinicalTrails.gov in the past 3 years in 22 drug clinical research institutes in Chongqing, which is much less than that in Beijing (61 institutes, 433 projects) and Shanghai (53 institutes, 326 projects). CONCLUSION: It is of great urgency to promote the development of drug clinical research institutes in Chongqing. The acceleration of innovative development of medical and health industry could be achieved by integrating the city's medical resources and constructing regional drug clinical research institute system.
ABSTRACT
Crosssectional study undertaken in the meadow repetition area of the RHC, Poonjeri, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu between June 2015 – September 2016. 337 persons aged 60 years and over were particular by multi stage random sample. Data was composed by family to family survey using a pre tested structured questionnaire. Quality of life was evaluated using WHO-QOL BREF. Chi square, ANOVA were used. This research work focuses to determine the morbidity pattern of elderly population based on the hypertension in a rural area of Tamil Nadu.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the current situation,problems and countermeasures of project performance evaluation of Non profit Central Research Institute Fund.Methods Identifying issues and proposing suggestions by process analysis of projects performance evaluation in one medical research institute (Institute Y for short).Results Preliminarily,Medical research institutes have already built the performance evaluation system of research project.However,applications of evaluation are limited,lacking of connections with project management milestones.Conclusions The problems and countermeasures obtained from Institute Y could provide reference for the performance evaluation of medical research projects in China.
ABSTRACT
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) or sporadic AD is the most common form of AD. The precise pathogenetic changes that trigger the development of AD remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in multiple genes which are associated with AD; most notably, these are ABCA7, bridging integrator 1 (B1N1), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), CD33, clusterin (CLU), complement receptor 1 (CRI), ephrin type-A receptor 1 (EPHA1), membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) genes. The proteins coded by the candidate genes participate in a variety of cellular processes such as oxidative balance, protein metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and synaptic function. This review summarizes the major gene loci affecting LOAD identified by large GWASs. Tentative mechanisms have also been elaborated in various studies by which the proteins coded by these genes may exert a role in AD pathogenesis have also been elaborated. The review suggests that these may together affect LOAD pathogenesis in a complementary fashion.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss how to establish high level and high quality scientific research teams of Clinical Medicine Research Institute under the Innovation driven Development strategy.Methods The data was collected and analyzed by methods of literature review,sampling and analysis methods.Results Clinical Medicine Research Institute as the medical science and technology innovation positions,has both high quality clinical and full-time scientific research personnel,as well as clear specialist development direction based on scientific research services,two major advantages.The measure from three aspects:improving the structure of scientific research team,building open scientific and technological innovation platform for research and communication,and establishing a suitable scientific research management mechanism can raise the competitive strength of scientific research team.Conclusions Outstanding talents and reasonable team structure are the key to the development of medical technology innovation.We should pay more attention to the construction of high quality research teams.
ABSTRACT
Objective To reveal the cooperation between American military medical research institutes by analyzing the scientific research cooperation networks in order to provide reference for domestic military medical research and its cooperation. Methods A co-occurrence matrix of high frequency research institutes was established by identif-ying the data using literature data analyzing tool TDA and analyzed by visualized tool Ucinet. Results The densely distributed academic cooperation networks in American military medical research institutes were characterized by small world properties and rapid internal knowledge flow with neither absolute knowledge barrier nor knowledge mo-nopolies. The number of co-authorship papers published by military medical research institutes was rather large and tended to increase year by year. The small size research institutes preferred to cooperate between each other. American military medical research institutes did not arbitrarily cooperate with high level research institutes and u-sually cooperated with the same kind of research institutes, including military medical universities, first class uni-versities, and top enterprises. Geo-factor was the most important factor for cooperation in research. Conclusion Frontier basic research, applied basic research, applied military and civilian research should encourage the exten-sive cooperation between military research institutes and excellent civilian research institutes by making full use of the geo-advantages of military medical research institutes. Administrative order and policies should be taken to pro-mote cooperation in military applied research field.
ABSTRACT
Objective To reveal the cooperation between American military medical research institutes by analyzing the scientific research cooperation networks in order to provide reference for domestic military medical research and its cooperation. Methods A co-occurrence matrix of high frequency research institutes was established by identif-ying the data using literature data analyzing tool TDA and analyzed by visualized tool Ucinet. Results The densely distributed academic cooperation networks in American military medical research institutes were characterized by small world properties and rapid internal knowledge flow with neither absolute knowledge barrier nor knowledge mo-nopolies. The number of co-authorship papers published by military medical research institutes was rather large and tended to increase year by year. The small size research institutes preferred to cooperate between each other. American military medical research institutes did not arbitrarily cooperate with high level research institutes and u-sually cooperated with the same kind of research institutes, including military medical universities, first class uni-versities, and top enterprises. Geo-factor was the most important factor for cooperation in research. Conclusion Frontier basic research, applied basic research, applied military and civilian research should encourage the exten-sive cooperation between military research institutes and excellent civilian research institutes by making full use of the geo-advantages of military medical research institutes. Administrative order and policies should be taken to pro-mote cooperation in military applied research field.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To ensure the authenticity, scientific and reliability of medical devices clinical trials results.Methods: The drug clinical research institute office set up full-time secondary quality control team, clarified the responsibility, made application form, problem check and track list, subjects’ identity registration form. Using computer network to make 19 medical equipment quality control of clinical trials.Results: Assure the rights and safety of subjects, the validity, accuracy and completeness of clinical trial data and clinical trial results.Conclusion: The drug clinical research institute office, full-time secondary quality control team made strict clinical trial project for the whole process of quality control and ensure the true, scientific and reliable results.
ABSTRACT
With the development of translational research,many research institutes on translational research appeare around the world.These research institutes should focus on core problem,enhance the construction of information platform and training talent,evaluate translational projects and establish supporting system.Compared with foreign research institutes on translational medicine,the construction of Chinese research institute on translational research is in the initial stage,and many aspects need to improve.According to the current situation in China,we put forward that the research institutes on translational research in China should be settled in medical universities and promote the development of translational research by enhancing the training talents,developing the innovation of system,strengthening financing ability.
ABSTRACT
With the development of science and technology,many scientific achievements were gained,while a lot of problems emerged at the same time,for example,the expansion of gap between basic research and clinical research,the difficulty of clinical application of basic research achievement,all these promote the development of translational medicine.The appearance of translational research not only promote the formation of medical development strategy at the national level and the development of multiple disciplines,but also push the formation of the medical scientific research institutions on translational research and speed up the transformation of important achievements.Translational medicine in China is in the initial stage,and the top design and layout need to be increased through making overall coordinate and support,estabilishing a perfect training talent and the establishment of uniformed information platform,and so on.
ABSTRACT
The performance appraisal (PA) system establishment in scientific research institutes on traditional Chi-nese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the management of TCM research work, which can set up both well-defined guidance and favorable appraisal regimen for scientific researchers, so that leads to the accomplishment of the scientific objectives. However, current PA system establishment has fallen seriously behind the real demand in most TCM research institutes. As a result, there is a serious lack of a mature, efficient, standardized, propagable PA system in TCM research field. In this paper, we tried to discuss the current situation and key issues in building modern PA system in TCM research institutes. The PA system development in scientific research institutes on TCM was pointed out. The PA system should be based on existed referenced similar platforms, with full consideration on professional features and Chinese culture. The PA system establishment should be with most science, systematicness, objectivity, and guidance. The PA system should also be established to evaluate the scientific researchers equitably, guide the scientific trend, provide proper institute, and promote scientific research.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los efectos fisiológicos y neuroquímicos en 60 ratones machos cepas Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) en edad adulto-joven con pesos promedios de 25,45 ± 3,05 g, sometidos durante seis semanas a dosis del principio psicoactivo de la marihuana el Δ-9-tetrahidrocannabinol en concentraciones entre 4 - 20%. Se realizaron tomas de sangre retroorbital para evaluar parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos antes, durante y post experiencia. Se monitorearon medidas tales como: peso, ingesta de agua, alimentos, actividad locomotora horizontal y vertical, entre otros. Al final de la experiencia se realizo autopsia y toma de muestras de regiones cerebrales, para medir niveles de neurotransmisores aminoacidicos y dopamina. Estos resultados permiten concluir que altas concentraciones del principio psicoactivo de la marihuana hacen más dependiente al consumidor con los consecuentes daños fisiológicos y neurológicos. Esto lleva a que cada vez se necesite más droga para producir el mismo efecto.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological and neurochemical effects in 60 (Naval Medical Research Institute) NMRI male mice strains in young adult - age average weight 25.45 ± 3.05 g, underwent six weeks at doses of the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana the Δ -9-tetrahydrocannabinol in concentrations between 4-20 %. Retroorbital blood shots were conducted to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters before, during and post experience. Weight, water intake, food, horizontal and vertical locomotors activity include: measures such as monitored. At the end of the experience autopsy was conducted and sampling of brain regions to measure levels of amino acid neurotransmitters and dopamine. These results suggest that high concentrations of the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana consumers become more dependent with consequent physiological and neurological damage. This leads to more and more drugs is needed to produce the same effect.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Mice , Biochemistry/classification , Cannabis/drug effects , Dopamine/physiology , Neurotransmitter Agents , Dronabinol/analysis , Public Health , Scientific Research and Technological Development , Hematology , Mice/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Em consequência da instituição do Ano Geofísico Internacional, em 1957, a Marinha do Brasil organizou uma expedição à ilha da Trindade, da qual participou Rudolf Barth, pesquisador do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz e do Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, membro da Academia Brasileira de Ciências e do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas. Esse cientista retornou à ilha da Trindade no ano seguinte, em uma segunda viagem com a Marinha brasileira. As pesquisas feitas então resultaram em algumas publicações científicas e em dois relatórios inéditos com observações e dados concernentes a fenômenos zoológicos (terrestres), meteorológicos, climatológicos, geomorfológicos e biológicos. Os relatórios são transcritos a seguir.
As a result of the institution of the International Geophysical Year in 1957, the Brazilian Navy organized an expedition to the island of Trindade, on which Rudolf Barth participated. He was a researcher at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute and the Naval Research Institute, and a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council. The scientist returned to the island of Trindade the following year, on a second expedition with the Brazilian Navy. The research findings then resulted in some scientific publications and two unpublished reports with observations and data concerning terrestrial, zoological, meteorological, climatological, geomorphological and biological phenomena. The reports are then transcribed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Zoology , Biology , Geomorphology , Expeditions , Meteorology , Research ReportABSTRACT
Research conducted by the Child Development Research Group in the Tropical Medicine Research Institute has made significant contributions to the understanding of the importance of early nutrition and the home environment for children's development and the impact of psychosocial stimulation for disadvantaged and/or undernourished children. The work has provided critical evidence that has contributed to the increasing attention given to early childhood development in the work and policies of agencies such as the World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). This review concerns research which documented the impact of malnutrition on children's development and for the first time demonstrated the benefits and necessity of psychosocial stimulation for improvement in development. Subsequent research was critical in establishing the importance of linear growth retardation (stunting) as a risk factor for poor child development. A twenty-two-year study of stunted children has demonstrated benefits through to adulthood in areas such as educational attainment, mental health and reduced violent behaviour, from an early childhood home visiting programme that works through mothers to promote their children's development. The group's research has also demonstrated that it is feasible and effective to integrate the stimulation intervention into primary care services with benefits to children's development and mothers' child rearing knowledge and practices. The group is currently conducting a study to provide information needed for scaling-up of parenting programmes through evaluation of a new approach to improving parenting through health centres and a modified home visit programme.
Una investigación dirigida por el Grupo de Investigación del Desarrollo Infantil en el Instituto de Investigación de Medicina Tropical, ha contribuido de manera significativa a comprender, por una parte, la importancia que tanto la nutrición temprana como el ambiente hogareño poseen para el desarrollo infantil de niños, y por otra parte, el impacto de la estimulación psicosocial para los niños desfavorecidos y/o desnutridos. La evidencia crítica ofrecida por este trabajo ha hecho que se le conceda mayor atención al desarrollo de la primera infancia en el trabajo y las políticas de agencias como el Banco Mundial, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF). Este estudio trata de una investigación que documenta el impacto de la desnutrición en el desarrollo de niños, y por primera vez demuestra los beneficios y la necesidad de la estimulación psicosocial para favorecer el desarrollo. La investigación subsiguiente fue decisiva para establecer la importancia del retraso del crecimiento linear (RCL) como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del niño pobre. Un estudio de veintidós años sobre niños con retraso en el crecimiento ha demostrado los beneficios hasta llegar a la adultez, en áreas como la educación, la salud mental y la reducción del comportamiento violento, a partir de un programa de visita a hogares de la primera infancia, que trabaja con las madres para promover el desarrollo de sus hijos.