Pesquisa social em saúde: por que ler Norbert Elias? / Social research in health: why read Norbert Elias? / Investigación social en salud: ¿por qué leer Norbert Elias?

Resumo: Este ensaio busca refletir sobre os desafios teórico-metodológicos do campo da pesquisa social em saúde e, especialmente, explorar a matriz conceitual presente na obra de Norbert Elias, sociólogo e historiador cuja abordagem sobre o processo civilizador contribui substancialmente para a compreensão das singularidades que conformam a existência individual e coletiva. Investigando longas cadeias de interdependência no decorrer da história, Elias desafiou interpretações deterministas sobre os processos sociais e construiu análises expressivas sobre uma pluralidade de objetos em perspectiva interdisciplinar, construtivista e relacional. Ao iluminar a dinâmica de interação e constituição mútua dos indivíduos e da sociedade, o autor redefine a natureza das relações recíprocas entre as estruturas sociais, a economia psíquica e o corpo. Nesse sentido, a apropriação dessa postura reflexiva pode originar estudos e processos de investigação. Considerando a complexidade da Saúde Coletiva, propõe-se, assim, estimular possíveis articulações, diálogos e usos do referencial teórico eliasiano na problematização e construção de estratégias e caminhos de pesquisa.

Abstract: This essay aims to reflect on the theoretical-methodological challenges of social research in health and, especially, to explore the conceptual matrix present in the work of Norbert Elias, a sociologist and historian whose approach to the civilizing process greatly contributes to understanding the singularities that shape individual and collective existence. By investigating long chains of interdependence throughout history, Elias challenged deterministic interpretations of social processes and built a vigorous analysis of a plurality of objects from an interdisciplinary, constructivist, and relational perspective. By illuminating the dynamics of interaction and the mutual constitution of individuals and society, the author redefines the nature of the reciprocal relations among social structures, the psychic economy, and the body. In this sense, the appropriation of this reflexive perspective can fertilize studies and research processes. Considering the complexity of Public Health, we propose to stimulate possible articulations, dialogues, and uses of the Eliasian theoretical framework in the problematization and construction of strategies and research paths.

Resumen: El ensayo busca reflexionar sobre los desafíos teórico-metodológicos del campo de la investigación social en salud y, sobre todo, explorar la matriz conceptual presente en la obra de Norbert Elias, sociólogo e historiador cuyo enfoque sobre el proceso civilizador aporta una gran contribución a la comprensión de las singularidades que configuran la existencia individual y colectiva. Investigando largas cadenas de interdependencia a lo largo de la historia, Elias desafió interpretaciones deterministas sobre los procesos sociales y construyó un análisis vigoroso sobre una pluralidad de objetos desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, constructivista y relacional. Al iluminar la dinámica de interacción y constitución mutua de los individuos y de la sociedad, el autor redefine la naturaleza de las relaciones recíprocas entre las estructuras sociales, la economía psíquica y el cuerpo. En este sentido, la apropiación de esta postura reflexiva puede fertilizar estudios y procesos de investigación. Considerando la complejidad de la Salud Colectiva, se propone incentivar posibles articulaciones, diálogos y usos del marco teórico eliasiano en la problematización y construcción de estrategias y caminos de investigación.

Mapeo de protocolos de investigación, publicaciones y colaboraciones sobre la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe / Mapping of research protocols, publications, and collaborations on COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean / Mapeamento de protocolos de pesquisa, publicações e colaborações sobre COVID-19 na América Latina e no Caribe

RESUMEN Objetivo. Mapear protocolos de investigación, publicaciones y colaboraciones sobre la enfermedad por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) desarrollados en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Métodos. Se incluyeron protocolos registrados en plataformas internacionales y publicaciones de investigaciones que consideraron población, datos y autores de ALC. La fuente de información para los protocolos fue principalmente la Plataforma Internacional de Registro de Ensayos Clínicos (ICTRP, por su sigla en inglés) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud; para las publicaciones se utilizaron bases electrónicas y repositorios específicos sobre la COVID-19. Se realizaron búsquedas de las publicaciones hasta el 11 de noviembre y de los protocolos hasta el día 30 de noviembre de 2020, inclusive. La información de los protocolos se extrajo según variables estandarizadas de la plataforma ICTRP y la de las publicaciones, según criterios preestablecidos. Resultados. De los protocolos, 63,0% fueron estudios sobre terapias, 10% de prevención y 45% fueron colaborativos. Con respecto al financiamiento, 64% de los protocolos no provino de la industria. En cuanto a las publicaciones, 23% fueron sin revisión de pares y 23% fueron colaborativas. Los diseños más frecuentes fueron las revisiones sistemáticas y estudios de corte transversal; 47,1% fueron realizados en servicios de salud y 22% en el ámbito comunitario; 38,0% se enfocaron en el diagnóstico y 27,9% en el pronóstico. Se realizó una síntesis cualitativa según la línea de cuidado y las estrategias de abordaje. Conclusiones. Se observó un aumento del número de investigaciones colaborativas en comparación con estudios anteriores y de protocolos no financiados por la industria. La agenda de investigación propuesta se cubrió en gran parte conforme al avance de la pandemia.

ABSTRACT Objective. To map research protocols, publications, and collaborations on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) developed in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. Included were research protocols registered in international platforms and research publications containing populations, data, or authors from LAC. The source of information for protocols was primarily the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP) of the World Health Organization; for publications, specific electronic databases and repositories pertaining to COVID-19 were used. The search for publications was conducted up to 11 November; the search for protocols, up to 30 November 2020 (both dates inclusive). Data was extracted from protocols using standardized variables from the ICTRP, and from publications following pre-established criteria. Results. Among the protocols, 63.0% were therapeutic studies, 10% focused on prevention, and 45% were collaborative; 64% of the protocols received no funding from industry; 23% of the publications were not peer-reviewed and 23% were collaborative in nature. The most frequent study designs were systematic reviews and cross-sectional studies; 47.1% of studies were conducted in health facilities and 22% in community settings; 38.0% focused on diagnosis and 27.9% on prognosis. A qualitative synthesis was performed by line of care and approach strategies. Conclusions. There was an increase in the number of collaborative research studies relative to earlier studies and in protocols not funded by industry. The proposed research agenda was covered in large part as the pandemic unfolded.

RESUMO Objetivo. Mapear protocolos de pesquisa, publicações e colaborações sobre a doença causada pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19, na sigla em inglês) desenvolvidos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC). Métodos. Foram incluídos protocolos registrados em plataformas internacionais e publicações de pesquisas que consideraram população, dados e autores da ALC. A fonte de informação para os protocolos foi principalmente a Plataforma Internacional de Registros de Ensaios Clínicos (ICTRP, na sigla em inglês) da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para as publicações, foram utilizadas bases de dados eletrônicas e repositórios específicos sobre COVID-19. As publicações foram pesquisadas até 11 de novembro, e os protocolos, até 30 de novembro de 2020 (inclusive). As informações dos protocolos foram extraídas de acordo com variáveis padronizadas da plataforma ICTRP e das publicações, segundo critérios pré-estabelecidos. Resultados. Dos protocolos, 63% eram estudos sobre terapias, 10% sobre prevenção e 45% eram colaborativos. Em relação ao financiamento, 64% dos protocolos não vieram da indústria. Em relação às publicações, 23% eram sem revisão por pares e 23% eram colaborativas. Os delineamentos mais frequentes foram revisões sistemáticas e estudos transversais; 47,1% foram realizados em serviços de saúde e 22% no âmbito comunitário; 38,0% focaram no diagnóstico e 27,9% no prognóstico. Realizou-se uma síntese qualitativa segundo a linha de cuidado e as estratégias de abordagem. Conclusões. Observou-se um aumento no número de pesquisas colaborativas (em comparação com estudos anteriores) e de protocolos não financiados pela indústria. A agenda de pesquisa proposta foi coberta, em grande parte, à medida que a pandemia progredia.

Update process ofthe National Agenda for Public Health Research 2021-2022 / Proceso de actualización de la agenda nacional de investigación en salud pública 2021-2022

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN : Una Agenda Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (ANISP) participativa y con priorización temática constituye un elemento estratégico para generar recomendaciones y políticas públicas basadas en evidencia, que imparten positivamente en la salud de las poblaciones y permitan lograr los objetivos sanitarios. En la actualización de la ANISP participaron la Dirección de Investigación en Salud (DIS) del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (MSAL), a través de la Red Ministerial de Investigación en Salud (REMINSA), y actores de los niveles gubernamentales provinciales y nacionales pertenecientes a los sectores público, privado, de la salud, académico y de investigación. Se adaptó la herramienta original propuesta por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, utilizada en el proceso en 2019. La actualización abarcó diferentes etapas. La selección de los temas contó con la legitimidad, reconocimiento y participación de los actores vinculados a la salud, a la gestión gubernamental y privada y a la investigación científica; se trabajó de manera federal y transversal, por consenso con las redes provinciales y un Comité Central Asesor en el MSAL. A partir de los lineamientos preliminares obtenidos, se elaboró una encuesta en línea semiestructurada, que fue distribuida a todos los actores federales y recibió 431 respuestas. El proceso resultó en 55 lineamientos priorizados, divididos en 6 áreas temáticas y 33 subtemas, seleccionados por votación según importancia, impacto y factibilidad.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION : A participatory National Public Health Research Agenda (ANISP) with thematic prioritization is a strategic element to generóte evidence-based recommendations and public policies that have a positive impact on the health of populations and enable to achieve health objectives. The Directorate of Health Research (DIS) ofthe Argentine Ministry of Health (MSAL), through the Ministerial NetWork of Health Research (REMINSA), along with adors from the provincial and national government levels belonging to public, privóte, health, academic and research sectors participated in the update of the ANISP. They adapted the original tooI proposed by the Pan American Health Organizatlon and used in the process in 2019. The update included different stages. The selection ofthe topics had the legitimacy, recognition and participation ofthe actors involved, related to health, to government and privóte management and to scientific research; the work was conducted in a federal and transversal manner by consensus with the provincial networks and a Central Advisory Committee in the MSAL. Based on the preliminary guidelines obtained, a semi-structured online survey was developed and distributed to all federal actors, receiving 431 responses. The process resulted in 55 priorilized guidelines, divided into 6 thematic oreas and 33 sub-themes, selected by voting according to importance, impact and feasibility.

Como a comunidade internacional da medicina de precisão tem se posicionado diante dos desafios impostos pela pandemia da COVID-19? / What is the position of the international precision medicine community in relation to the challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic? / ¿Cómo se ha posicionado la comunidad internacional de medicina de precisión ante los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia de COVID-19?

Medicina de precisão pode ser definida como um movimento de transformação da biomedicina contemporânea que orienta a atividade de pesquisa acadêmica, modelos de negócios e o desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de saúde desenhados individualmente para o usuário, baseado em informações genéticas e outros marcadores biomédicos dos pacientes. Ao longo dos últimos anos, essa comunidade tem sido bastante atuante no cenário científico internacional. No entanto, durante a pandemia da COVID-19 ainda não ficou claro quais posicionamentos ou estratégias têm sido adotadas por esses grupos para o enfrentamento da crise sanitária. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a comunidade internacional da medicina de precisão está reagindo à pandemia da COVID-19, e em que estão baseadas as suas abordagens e potenciais soluções sugeridas para a mitigação dos efeitos negativos causados pelo aumento das infecções pelo novo coronavírus. Para tanto, foi feita pesquisa documental em 28 documentos provenientes de 18 fontes selecionadas, em que analisou-se as narrativas difundidas pelos profissionais da medicina de precisão em artigos científicos, editoriais, comentários, perspectivas, notícias de jornais e boletins e conferência virtual da Coalizão de Medicina Personalizada (PMC, em inglês). Com isso, buscou-se compreender como esses grupos imaginam uma nova configuração sociotécnica para o enfrentamento da pandemia e de seus efeitos.

Precision medicine can be defined as a movement of transformation of contemporary biomedicine that orients academic research activity, business models, and the development of health products and services designed individually for the user, based on patients' genetic information and other biomedical markers. In recent years, this community has been quite active in the international scientific scenario. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still not clear which positions or strategies these groups have adopted to respond to the health crisis. This article aims to understand how the international precision medicine community is reacting to the COVID-19 pandemic and the basis for their approaches and potential solutions suggested for mitigation of the negative effects from the increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections. A search was thus conducted in 28 documents from 18 selected sources, analyzing the narratives adopted by precision medicine experts in scientific articles, editorials, commentaries, perspectives, newspaper stories, newsletters and online conferences of the Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC). The objective was to understand how these groups envisage a new sociotechnical configuration to respond to the pandemic and its effects.

La medicina de precisión puede definirse como un movimiento de transformación de la biomedicina contemporánea, que orienta la actividad de investigación académica, modelos de negocio y desarrollo de productos, así como de servicios de salud diseñados individualmente para el paciente, basados en información genética y otros marcadores biomédicos de los pacientes. A lo largo de los últimos años, esta comunidad ha sido bastante activa en el escenario científico internacional. No obstante, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 todavía no quedó claro cuáles son las posiciones o estrategias que han sido adoptadas por esos grupos para enfrentarse a la crisis sanitaria. El objetivo de este ensayo es comprender cómo la comunidad internacional de la medicina de precisión está reaccionando a la pandemia de la COVID-19, y en qué están basados sus abordajes y potenciales soluciones, sugeridos para la mitigación de los efectos negativos causados por el aumento de las infecciones por el nuevo coronavirus. Para ello, se realizó una investigación documental sobre 28 documentos provenientes de 18 fuentes seleccionadas, donde se analizaron las narrativas difundidas por los profesionales de la medicina de precisión en artículos científicos, editoriales, comentarios, perspectivas, noticias de periódicos y boletines, además de la conferencia virtual de la Coalición de Medicina Personalizada (PMC, en inglés). Con todo ello, se buscó comprender cómo esos grupos imaginan una nueva configuración sociotécnica para enfrentarse a la pandemia y sus efectos.

A cross-sectional analysis of investigator needs for non-communicable disease research at the University of the West Indies, Mona / Análisis transversal de las necesidades de los investigadores de las enfermedades no transmisibles en la Universidad de las Indias Occidentales en Mona / Uma análise transversal das carências dos pesquisadores envolvidos em pesquisa de doenças não transmissíveis na Universidade das Índias Ocidentais, Mona

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the needs of academic staff conducting non-communicable disease (NCD) research at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus in Jamaica. Methods. Utilizing a cross-sectional design an online survey was created using the research electronic data capture application (REDCap); it was disseminated via email to 708 academic staff members in the Faculties of Medical Sciences and Science & Technology between September and November 2018. Participants were asked to indicate their level of access to expertise, training and equipment for conducting research. Descriptive analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. Results. Most respondents were women (74.2%), predominantly scientists (33.1%) or specialist physicians (22.6%). Less than 2/3 of respondents reported publishing research findings in peer reviewed journals, with a quarter not disseminating their research findings in any medium. Resources for field research/data collection, epidemiological methods and principles, and data management/data analysis were generally available. However, there was limited access to training, expertise and equipment in emerging techniques for NCD research such as metabolomics, bioinformatics/analysis of large-scale data sets and health economics. Additional challenges included limited access to financing for research, inadequate workspace and poor administrative support for conducting research. Conclusions. There is a need for more local research seed funding, stronger administrative support for researchers, and opportunities for training in cutting edge NCD research techniques. Jamaican researchers could benefit from being part of a regional research centre of excellence with critical research skills and equipment that builds research networks and strengthens the NCD research response.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Describir las necesidades del personal académico que investiga las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) en el Campus de Mona de la Universidad de las Indias Occidentales, en Jamaica. Métodos. Mediante un diseño transversal, se elaboró una encuesta en línea con RedCap, una aplicación para la captura de datos electrónicos para la investigación, y se divulgó por correo electrónico a los 708 miembros del personal académico de las Facultades de Ciencias Médicas y Ciencia y Tecnología entre septiembre y noviembre del 2018. Se pidió a los participantes que indicaran su nivel de acceso a conocimientos, capacitación y equipo para llevar a cabo investigaciones. El análisis descriptivo se realizó con STATA, versión 14. Resultados. La mayoría de los entrevistados fueron mujeres (74,2%), predominantemente científicas (33,1%) o médicas especialistas (22,6%). Menos de dos terceras partes de los entrevistados informó que publicaban los resultados de sus investigaciones en revistas arbitradas y una cuarta parte declaró que no divulgaba los resultados de sus investigaciones en ningún medio. Por lo general, tenían a su disposición recursos para la investigación de campo o la recopilación de datos, métodos y principios epidemiológicos, así como para la gestión y el análisis de datos. Sin embargo, tenían poco acceso a conocimientos, capacitación y equipo en las técnicas emergentes para la investigación sobre ENT como la metabolómica, la bioinformática o el análisis de conjuntos de datos a gran escala y economía de la salud. Otros retos incluyeron poco acceso al financiamiento para la investigación, espacios de trabajo inadecuados y un apoyo administrativo deficiente para investigar. Conclusiones. Se necesita más capital inicial destinado a la investigación local, un mayor respaldo administrativo a los investigadores y oportunidades de capacitación en las técnicas más recientes de investigación de ENT. Los investigadores jamaiquinos podrían sacar provecho de formar parte de un centro regional de excelencia para la investigación con el equipo y las capacidades de investigación fundamentales para contribuir a la formación de redes de investigación y fortalecer la respuesta investigadora a las ENT.

RESUMO Objetivo. Descrever as carências enfrentadas pelo grupo acadêmico que realiza pesquisa em doenças não transmissíveis (DNT) na Universidade das Índias Ocidentais, campus de Mona, Jamaica. Métodos. Uma pesquisa transversal online foi desenvolvida com o uso da plataforma de captura eletrônica de dados de pesquisa (RedCap) e distribuída por e-mail a 708 integrantes dos grupos acadêmicos nas Faculdades de Ciências Médicas e de Ciência e Tecnologia entre setembro e novembro de 2018. Foi pedido aos participantes que informassem o grau de acesso a conhecimento especializado, capacitação e equipamentos para a realização de pesquisa. Uma análise descritiva foi realizada com o uso do software STATA versão 14. Resultados. Participaram, na sua maioria, mulheres (74,2%), com o predomínio de pesquisadores científicos (33,1%) ou médicos especialistas (22,6%). Menos de 2/3 informaram publicar os resultados de suas pesquisas em periódicos científicos com avaliação por pares e 25% disseram que não divulgavam seus resultados em nenhum veículo. Afirmaram que, em geral, havia recursos para realizar pesquisa de campo/coleta de dados, métodos e procedimentos básicos epidemiológicos e gerenciamento/análise de dados. Porém, era limitado o acesso a capacitação, conhecimentos especializados e equipamentos para empregar métodos emergentes de pesquisa de DNT como metabolômica, bioinformática/processamento em larga escala de grandes conjuntos de dados e economia da saúde. Outras dificuldades citadas foram limitação de financiamento para pesquisa, inadequação dos locais de trabalho e apoio administrativo deficiente à realização de pesquisas. Conclusões. Faz-se necessário mais financiamento para projetos iniciantes locais, firme apoio administrativo aos pesquisadores e oportunidades para capacitação em métodos de ponta de pesquisa de DNT. A situação dos pesquisadores jamaicanos poderia melhorar se fizessem parte de um centro de excelência regional com recursos e equipamentos essenciais para a realização de pesquisa que lhes permitisse formar redes de pesquisadores e fortalecer a resposta da pesquisa de DNT.

COVID-19 research agenda for health care services

@#Due to the long quarantine, with several levels of intensity and degrees of implementation, we all have, more or less, similar experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting early this year, we stayed home for a long time, we had ourselves tested, our friends or relatives had themselves tested, and some of us may even have tested positive for the infection. We listened to, or read, or watched the news, about the statistics of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, lockdowns, reopenings, resurgence and reinfections. And then, we received all sorts of information—true, fake, inaccurate, anecdotal—and some were derived from systematically produced knowledge, i.e., properly conducted research or ongoing research.

Avaliação das pesquisas nos cenários da atenção primária à saúde: produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados / Evaluation of research in primary health care scenarios: production, dissemination and use of results

Resumo O artigo discorre acerca das implicações da pesquisa em saúde nos cenários da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Analisa o modo como o conhecimento produzido pela investigação científica repercute no cotidiano dos serviços da APS, dando ênfase aos processos de produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo avaliativo participativo do tipo estudo de caso, ancorado na teoria construtivista. Participaram da pesquisa profissionais de saúde da APS e gestores e técnicos da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Fortaleza. Para a coleta das informações, utilizou-se a técnica do círculo hermenêutico-dialético e a análise do material empírico tomou como base a hermenêutica crítica. Nos resultados, são discutidos aspectos relacionados à escolha dos temas de pesquisa, à relevância das investigações e à utilização dos resultados para a tomada de decisão informada. Para superar os obstáculos encontrados para produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados das pesquisas, sugere-se a elaboração de uma agenda de prioridades em pesquisa, em âmbito municipal, a partir da qual os problemas da APS seriam elencados, priorizados e investigados a partir de uma metodologia participativa, capaz de envolver todos os implicados.

Abstract The article discusses the implications of health research in Primary Health Care (PHC). It analyses how the knowledge produced by the scientific investigation impacts the PHC services routine, emphasizing results production, dissemination, and use processes. Therefore, a participatory research of case study type, anchored in the constructivist theory, was carried out. PHC health professionals, managers and technicians of the Health Secretariat of the State of Ceará, Brazil, and the Municipal Health Secretariat of Fortaleza participated in the study. The hermeneutic-dialectical circle technique was used to collect information, and the empirical material analysis was based on critical hermeneutics. In the results, aspects related to the choice of research topics, relevance of investigations, and the use of the results for well-informed decision-making are discussed. To overcome the obstacles found in the production, dissemination, and use of the research results, we suggest a research priority agenda be developed at the municipal level, from which the problems of PHC would be listed, prioritized, and investigated based on a participatory methodology, capable of engaging all those involved.

Implementing lessons learned from past versions of the Philippine National Unified Health Research Agenda

Background@#Considering the scope and magnitude of the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA), the implementation of the agenda requires adequate planning. Reviewing the implementation of the first and second versions of NUHRA, implemented from 2006 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2016 respectively, is thus useful in identifying potential challenges for implementing the current version.@*Objectives@#This article aimed to 1) describe strategies employed in the previous NUHRAs,2) describe uptake of the previous NUHRAs; and 3) identify lessons learned from the implementation of NUHRA 1 and 2.@*Methods@#Review of the NUHRA 1 and 2 evaluation reports and minutes of PNHRS Research Agenda Committee meeting was conducted. Interviews with PCHRD division head and staff and representatives from the academe and regional consortia were also conducted.@*Results@#A total of 96 of the 422 NUHRA 1 priorities were implemented, while 45 of the 56 NUHRA 2 priorities were implemented. While NUHRA 1 implementation was delegated to numerous agencies, dissemination was conducted primarily by PCHRD through launch events and fora. Implementation of the NUHRA 2 was delegated only to the four core agencies of the PNHRS, with each agency employing different strategies for the dissemination of the NUHRA 2.@*Conclusion@#Involvement of agencies beyond the core of PNHRS may be the better direction for implementation of the current NUHRA. Strong support and commitment of the core agencies will be key in the effective implementation of the NUHRA.

Mapping the influence of socioeconomic development plans on Philippine Health Research Agenda: A descriptive study

Background@#Understanding and addressing social determinants of health through evidence-based action is a strategy that has been advocated by the World Health Organization as part of its “Health for All” strategy in 1978 and “Health in All Policies“ framework in 2013. It has then been recommended that the research agenda-setting process should be informed by socio-economic development plans with the specific aim of gathering data on social, economic, and cultural conditions that affect health.@*Objective@#This paper reviewed the PDP 2011-2016, PDP 2017-2022, MDGs, and SDGs and identified common directions with the NUHRA 2011-2016 and 2017-2022.@*Methods@#A content analysis of the three identified priorities of the NUHRA vis-a-vis the PDP 2011-2016, the PDP 2017-2022, the MDGs, and the SDGs was done in order to identify harmonization of the priorities of the NUHRAs targets and indicators with those of the other plans and agendas. A gap analysis across all topics was done to identify links and gaps.@*Results@#The results established the common ground between health research priorities and international and national plans. Comparing the number of direct relationships between the NUHRAs, PDPs, MDGs, and SDGs, it was noted that there were more direct links between NUHRA 2017-2022, PDP 2017-2022, and the SDGs compared to NUHRA 2011-2016, PDP 2011-2016, and MDGs. The direct links were mostly found in 1) maternal, newborn and child health, 2) health systems, 3) communicable diseases, 4) water, sanitation, and hygiene, 5) environment, and 6) infrastructure development.@*Conclusion@#The NUHRAs may serve as pathways to achieve the goals stipulated in other socio-economic development plans. The relationships of these to health are complex, nonlinear and often the effects manifest after a long period of time, and as such require rigorous research.

Approaches to health research priority setting in the Philippines across the years

@#<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> As one of the research councils under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), health research priority setting has been the mandate of the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) since its establishment in 1982. The development of the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA) convenes the major stakeholders for health in the country to establish the priorities for health research. The NUHRA aims to address the most urgent health issues in the country for the generation of solutions to the health concerns of the country.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVES AND METHOD:</strong> Through document review, this paper describes the approaches and lessons learned in research priority setting since the establishment of the Philippine National Health Research System.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The Philippines has employed a bottoms-up, top-down, and a combination of both approaches to develop its health research agenda.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The health research agenda-setting must consider evolving funding sources, its link to production of researches with high probability of knowledge translation to health technology innovation, and policy formulation. Measuring the impact of the NUHRA to the health systems and health situation of the country is a difficult assessment, but the gradual change in healthcare technology utilization and evidence-informed policies towards health equity can be a subjective measurement of the NUHRA's success.</p>

Effect of personality, power, and emotion on developing the 2017-2022 Philippine health research agenda: A case study

@#<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Social dynamics, specifically personalities, power dynamics, and emotions, have been shown to influence the methods, outputs, and quality of multi-stakeholder processes, especially the development of a national health research agenda.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE AND METHODS:</strong> Using a case analysis approach utilizing related conceptual frameworks, the paper determined how personalities, power dynamics, and emotions affected the research priority-setting exercise, identified lessons learned, and recommended how to effectively manage these social dynamics in consultations. Data gathering methods were participant observation and process documentation, results of which were codified and analyzed.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Dominant personalities, stakeholders with power, and stakeholders that openly expressed dissatisfaction were most likely to attempt to change the methods and final outputs of the consultation, with varying level of success. Other dominant personalities used their power constructively for a smooth flow of generating and agreeing on ideas.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> In this case, social dynamics was shown to heavily influence the decision-making process, thus underlining its importance in organizing multisectoral representation. Effectively managing social dynamics may thus have to consider building trust and respect between participants, mediating discussions, reaching a mutually beneficial solution, and establishing and implementing mutually agreed house rules. The significant role of facilitators in developing a climate for truly inclusive participation must also be recognized.</p>

Stakeholders in the development of the National Unified Health Research Agenda of the Philippines

@#<p><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> Stakeholders and stakeholder engagement in agenda setting are not well documented despite its increased recognition. This paper aimed to describe stakeholder engagement in the agenda setting. Specifically, it aimed to (1) describe the process of stakeholder engagement in the development of the NUHRA 2017-2022; (2) describe characteristics of stakeholders involved; and (3) identify lessons learned during the engagement.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Documents pertinent to the agenda setting process, which included profile of participants and feedback on the consultation process were reviewed and analyzed. Key informant interviews were also conducted among selected PCHRD officials and members of the Philippine National Health Research System - Research Agenda Committee. Stakeholder mapping was conducted prior to the engagement to identify potential stakeholders. Consultations were conducted in each region involving different stakeholders. Stakeholders in the consultation process were national government agencies, local government units, academe, public and private health facilities, and non-government organizations (NGOs).</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The stakeholder with the highest representation was the national government (n=110), while the lowest were public and private health facilities (n=14 each). Interactive discussion of stakeholders with diverse background, is the top item that went well during the consultation and should be retained in the future, and; brainstorming session and presentation were identified item that needs improvement.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> A diverse and well-represented set of stakeholders is important in an agenda setting to appropriately identify priorities and to improve uptake of the agenda. Stakeholder engagement, however, should not be limited to agenda setting, collaborative work must be sustained in all aspects of the research cycle.</p>

Implementing lessons learned from past versions of the Philippine National Unified Health Research Agenda

BACKGROUND: Considering the scope and magnitude of the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA), the implementation of the agenda requires adequate planning. Reviewing the implementation of the first and second versions of NUHRA, implemented from 2006 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2016 respectively, is thus useful in identifying potential challenges for implementing the current version. OBJECTIVES: This article aimed to 1) describe strategies employed in the previous NUHRAs,2) describe uptake of the previous NUHRAs; and 3) identify lessons learned from the implementation of NUHRA 1 and 2. METHODS: Review of the NUHRA 1 and 2 evaluation reports and minutes of PNHRS Research Agenda Committee meeting was conducted. Interviews with PCHRD division head and staff and representatives from the academe and regional consortia were also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 96 of the 422 NUHRA 1 priorities were implemented, while 45 of the 56 NUHRA 2 priorities were implemented. While NUHRA 1 implementation was delegated to numerous agencies, dissemination was conducted primarily by PCHRD through launch events and fora. Implementation of the NUHRA 2 was delegated only to the four core agencies of the PNHRS, with each agency employing different strategies for the dissemination of the NUHRA 2. CONCLUSION: Involvement of agencies beyond the core of PNHRS may be the better direction for implementation of the current NUHRA. Strong support and commitment of the core agencies will be key in the effective implementation of the NUHRA.

Uma agenda de pesquisa para a Atenção Primária à Saúde no estado de São Paulo, Brasil: o estudo ELECT / A research agenda for Primary Health Care in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: the ELECT study / Una agenda de investigación para la Atención Primaria de Salud en el estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil: el estudio ELECT

A consolidação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) requer políticas públicas embasadas por evidências científicas. Este artigo apresenta o estudo ELECT, cujo objetivo foi identificar temas prioritários de pesquisa para a fortalecimento da APS no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Com a participação de especialistas e de um grupo focal com usuários, foi obtida uma lista com os vinte principais obstáculos, bem como dez temas de pesquisa prioritários, na APS. Os resultados apontam para problemas e temas de pesquisas relacionados à: organização da gestão, capacitação de profissionais e gestores, valorização profissional, criação de mecanismos de colaboração entre equipes de saúde e informatização dos recursos. Espera-se, assim, estimular o debate no contexto da APS sobre o papel da priorização de pesquisas, seus obstáculos e proposições de pesquisa. Almeja-se, também, estimular a adoção de modelos mais participativos de seleção de temas de pesquisa.(AU)

The consolidation of Primary Health Care (PHC) requires public policies based on scientific evidence. This paper presents the ELECT study, aimed to identify priority research themes for strengthening PHC in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A list of the twenty main obstacles and ten priority research themes in PHC were obtained with participation of specialists and a focus group with users. The results point to problems and research issues related to organizational management, training of professionals and managers, professional development, creation of cooperation mechanisms between health teams and computerization of resources. It is expected to stimulate debate in the context of the PHC on the role of research prioritization, its obstacles and research propositions. It also aims to encourage the adoption of more participatory models of selection of research topics.(AU)

La solidificación de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) requiere políticas públicas con base en evidencias científicas. Este artículo presenta el estudio ELECT, cuyo objetivo fue identificar temas prioritarios de investigación para el fortalecimiento de la APS en el estado de São Paulo. Con la participación de especialistas y de un grupo de opinión formado por usuarios, se obtuvo una lista con los veinte principales obstáculos, así como diez temas de investigación prioritarios en la APS. Los resultados señalan problemas y temas de investigación relacionados a la organización de la gestión, la capacitación de profesionales y gestores, la valorización profesional, la creación de mecanismos de colaboración entre equipos de salud e informatización de los recursos. Se espera por lo tanto incentivar el debate en el contexto de la APS sobre el papel de la priorización de investigaciones, sus obstáculos y propuestas de investigación. Se anhela también incentivar la adopción de modelos más participativos de selección de temas de investigación.(AU)

Hacia la formulación de una Agenda de Investigación en Discapacidad para Colombia / Towards the formulation of a Disability Research Agenda for Colombia / Por uma Agenda de Pesquisa sobre Deficiência para Colômbia

Resumen Objetivo: describir el proceso y los resultados de la primera fase del proyecto Construcción de una agenda de investigación en discapacidad para Colombia. Metodología: se elaboró una primera aproximación a la agenda de investigación en discapacidad a través de un proceso participativo desarrollado en seis momentos: 1) Identificación y convocatoria de actores a nivel regional y nacional; 2) Preparación de una propuesta inicial de grandes áreas y temas prioritarios en la agenda; 3) Mesas de regionales para la identificación de necesidades y capacidades de investigación, y discusión de la propuesta inicial; 4) Recategorización a partir de los aportes regionales; 5) Mesa nacional para la concertación de áreas prioritarias y categorías transversales de investigación; 6) Socialización. Resultados: se configura una propuesta de agenda orientada por cuatro categorías transversales y con cinco áreas temáticas. Se avanza en la aproximación a subtemas, que aún requieren mayor desarrollo. Esta propuesta se constituye en una base que debe ser complementada y validada en una fase posterior del proyecto. Conclusiones: una agenda de investigación en discapacidad que recoja las necesidades y capacidades de los diversos actores involucrados en la generación y apropiación del conocimiento en dicho campo, apunta al mejor aprovechamiento y al desarrollo de las capacidades y los recursos destinados a la investigación, así como a investigaciones transdiciplinarias que contribuyan a la toma de decisiones políticas y a la transformación de las realidades sociales del colectivo de personas con discapacidad y sus familias en el país y sus territorios.

Abstract Objective: to describe the process and results of the first stage in the project Development of a research agenda on disability for Colombia. Methodology: a first approach to the agenda of research on disability was developed through a participative process with six moments: 1) Identification and call for regional and national actors; 2) Preparation of an initial proposal including main areas and priority topics on the agenda; 3) Regional boards for the identification of research needs and abilities, and discussion of the initial proposal; 4) Reclassification from the contributions of the regional boards; 5) National board for the coordination of priority areas and cross-cutting research categories; 6) socialization. Results: the study configures and agenda proposal oriented by four cross-sectional categories and five thematic areas. There was progress approaching subtopics, which still require more development. This proposal is constituted on a base that must be complemented and validated in a later stage of the project. Conclusions: a research agenda on disability that collects the needs and abilities of the various actors involved in the generation and dissemination of knowledge in this field aims to an improvement in the usage and development of abilities and resources destined to research, and to transdisciplinary research that contributes to the political decision making and the transformation of the social realities of the group of persons with disabilities and their families in the country and in their territories.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o processo e os resultados da primeira fase do projeto: Construção duma agenda de investigação em incapacidade para Colômbia. Metodologia: Se elaborou uma primeira aproximação pra agenda da investigação na incapacidade a través dum processo participativo desenvolvido em seis momentos: 1) Identificação e convocatória de atores num nível regional e nacional; 2) Preparação duma proposta inicial de grandes áreas e temas prioritários na agenda; 3) Mesas regionais pra identificação de necessidades e capacidades de investigação, e discussão da proposta inicial; 4) Recategorização a partir dos aportes regionais; 5) Mesa nacional pra concertação de áreas prioritárias e categorias viés de investigação; 6) Socialização. Resultados: Se configura uma proposta de agenda orientada por quatro categorias viés e com cinco áreas temáticas. Se avança na aproximação aos subtemas, que ainda requererem major desenvolvimento. Esta proposta se constitui numa base que deve ser complementada e validada numa fase posterior do projeto. Conclusões: Una agenda de investigação em incapacidade que recolha as necessidades e capacidades dos diversos atores envolvidos na geração e apropriação do conhecimento em dito campo, assinala ao melhor curtimento e ao desenvolvimento das capacidades e os recursos destinados pra investigação, assim como pra investigações transdisciplinares que contribuam na toma de decisões políticas e a mudança das realidades sociais do coletivo de pessoas com incapacidade e as suas famílias no país e os seus territórios.

Capacidades de investigación sobre determinantes sociales de la salud en Brasil, Colombia y México / Research capacities on social determinants of health in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico / Capacidades de investigação sobre determinantes sociais da saúde no Brasil, Colômbia e México

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las capacidades de investigación sobre determinantes sociales y determinación social de los procesos saludenfermedad (DSS) en Brasil, Colombia y México con base en los sistemas nacionales de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (SNCTI) y la producción científica sobre DSS (2005-2012) de cada país. Metodología: se realiza un estudio exploratorio a partir de revisión de literatura, consulta de plataformas nacionales de cada SNCTI, entrevistas y foros de consulta, contemplando las siguientes categorías de estudio para analizar las capacidades de: 1. Producción científica, formación de investigadores y políticas relativas a capacidades de investigación; 2. Redes de colaboración; 3. Infraestructura para la investigación y 4. Producción y apropiación social del conocimiento. Resultados y Discusión: la investigación sobre DSS se divulga principalmente en revistas científicas de circulación nacional, en Brasil y Colombia, mientras que en México se publica principalmente en revistas extranjeras. Los tres países cuentan con SNCTI consolidados, sin embargo, son escasos los montos de financiamiento para investigación sobre DSS. Conclusiones: es necesario articular acciones de fortalecimiento de capacidades de investigación, fortaleciendo redes y posicionando los DSS en agendas estratégicas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the research capacities on social determinants and social determination of the health-disease process (SDH) in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico based on the characteristics of the National Systems of Science, Technology and Innovation (SNCTI) and the scientific production on SDH between 2005 and 2012. Methodology: an exploratory study was conducted. Data were obtained from literature reviews, the national platforms for each SNCTI, interviews and forums. The following categories of study were taken into account when analyzing capabilities: 1. Scientific production, training of researchers and policies concerning research capabilities. 2. Collaborative networks; 3. Infrastructure for research and 4. Production and social appropriation of knowledge. Results and discussion: research on SDH is primarily published in scientific journals. In Brazil and Colombia, findings are primarily published in national journals, while the majority of research on SDH from Mexico is published in international journals. All three countries have solid SNCTI. However, funding for research on SDH is scarce. Conclusion: it is necessary to coordinate actions to strengthen the capacities for research on SDH in order to strengthen networks and position SDH on strategic agendas.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as capacidades de investigação sobre determinantes sociais e determinação social dos processos saúdedoença (DSS) no Brasil, Colômbia e México com base nos sistemas nacionais de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (SNCTI) e a produção científica sobre DSS (2005-2012) de cada país. Metodologia: Se realiza um estudo exploratório a partir da revisão de literatura, consulta de plataformas nacionais de cada SNCTI, entrevistas e foros de consulta, contemplando as seguintes categorias de estudo para analisar as capacidades: 1. Produção científica, formação de investigadores e políticas relativas a capacidades de investigação; 2. Redes de colaboração; 3. Infraestrutura para a investigação e 4. Produção e apropriação social do conhecimento. Resultados e discussão: A investigação sobre DSS se divulga principalmente em revistas científicas de circulação nacional, em Brasil e Colômbia, entanto que no México se publica principalmente em revistas estrangeiras. Os três países contam com SNCTI consolidados, mas, são escassos os montantes de financiamento para investigação sobre DSS. Conclusão: È necessário articular ações de fortalecimento de capacidades de investigação, fortalecendo redes e posicionando os DSS em agendas estratégicas.

Distribution of the Korean Dental Hygiene Research Agenda Suggested by the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and Affiliated Groups / 치위생과학회지

The objective of this study was to realize research demands by gathering the research agenda from the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups through a Delphi survey. The study subjects were the heads of eight groups. The Delphi survey was conducted by e-mail after a researcher explained the objective of the study to the heads. The research agenda was classified according to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification and the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification. To compare the number of research agendas according to classification among the groups, we conducted a chi-squared test by using IBM SPSS 20.0. In total, 316 agendas were submitted. According to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification, there was a significant difference among the groups, and the agendas associated with clinical dental hygiene (36.7%) were the best. According to the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification, there was no significant difference and the agendas associated with health promotion and disease prevention (27.8%) were the best. In conclusion, the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups demanded similar research agendas, corresponding to the purpose of each establishment. However, the groups did not seem to show unique characteristics according to the purpose of each establishment. In other words, the groups should corroborate such characteristics and suggest a corresponding agenda to establish specific areas of research in dental hygiene. Also, dental hygiene researchers should mark the academic classification of the studies they want to submit.

The Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health: its history and current challenges / O Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte: sua história e desafios atuais / El Observatorio de Salud Urbana de Belo Horizonte: su historia y retos actuales

Abstract The Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health (OSUBH), housed in an academic setting, was founded in 2002 as part of a broader agenda to strengthen local and national health systems. Its mission is to build the capacity of the workforce in research on population health and to conduct studies on urban issues that can guide the planning of activities aimed at improving the health of populations, especially in heavily urbanized areas, associated with intra-urban inequalities. It focuses on the acquisition of advanced knowledge on urban health (metric) through scientific research, to contribute to public policies that may interfere with health, both at individual and community levels. During its lifetime, many partnerships and studies have been developed, but many challenges still exist in order for it to consolidate its position as a legitimate space and as a tool to generate systematic information for governments and populations.

Resumo O Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte (OSUBH), aninhado em um ambiente acadêmico, foi fundado em 2002, em uma intensa agenda de saúde local e nacional. Sua missão é construir a capacidade da força de trabalho em pesquisa em saúde da população e realizar estudos urbanos com temas que podem orientar o planejamento de ações para melhorar a saúde das populações, especialmente em áreas intensamente urbanizadas, associadas com desigualdades intraurbanas. Centra-se na aquisição de conhecimentos aprofundados sobre a saúde urbana (métricas) por meio de pesquisa científica, visando a contribuir com políticas públicas que possam interferir na saúde, tanto no nível individual como no comunitário. Em sua trajetória, parcerias e estudos têm sido implementados, mas muitos desafios se colocam para a sua legitimação no sentido de consolidar-se como ferramenta na geração de informações sistemáticas para governos e população.

Resumen El Observatorio de Salud Urbana de Belo Horizonte (OSUBH), establecido en un ambiente académico, fue fundado en 2002, dentro del marco de un vigoroso programa de salud local y nacional. Su misión es fomentar y fortalecer la capacidad de trabajo en investigación en el área de la salud, con la realización de estudios centrados en las poblaciones urbanas, procurando impulsar la planificación para mejorar la salud urbana, especialmente, en las áreas de intensa urbanización asociadas a desigualdades intra-urbanas. La actividad se centra en la adquisición de un conocimiento profundo (métricas) sobre la salud urbana, a través de la investigación científica, con el fin de contribuir a las políticas públicas que pueden interferir en la salud, tanto a nivel individual, como comunitario. En su trayectoria, se han realizado asociaciones y estudios, pero, además, existen muchos desafíos para su legitimación, con el fin de consolidarse como una herramienta para generar información sistemática para gobiernos y poblaciones.