ABSTRACT
Las escuelas latinoamericanas enfrentan demandas desde los entornos en los que operan, que definen escenarios caracterizados por las brechas entre aquello que las escuelas están capacitadas para ofrecer (representado principalmente por los docentes en el aula) y las necesidades emergentes de estudiantes que responden a entornos sociales concretos y muy diversos. Cerrar esta brecha es una prioridad y se estima que para ello es necesario fortalecer las capacidades de los docentes en aspectos como la contextualización de sus prácticas. Para ello se ejecutaron diversas intervenciones empleando distintos formatos de capacitación y metodologías de trabajo. Se presenta un estudio observacional realizado sobre una experiencia de desarrollo profesional docente que incorporó un componente de investigación-acción, con 21 docentes en servicio. El propósito del estudio fue establecer cómo y cuánto se fortalecieron las habilidades y expectativas que componen la competencia de investigación docente en el grupo mencionado. Se emplearon distintas herramientas para juntar información como pruebas, grupos focales, análisis de testimonios y de textos. Asimismo, se utilizaron complementariamente análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, con énfasis en este último. Los resultados dan cuenta de mejoras significativas en las habilidades de problematización, empleo de evidencias y herramientas metodológicas, formulación de hipótesis y estrategias de intervención y redacción científica; así como de mejoras igualmente significativas en la competencia de investigación en general. Los mismos no reportan cambios o mejoras en las expectativas de empleo de la investigación en la enseñanza.
Currently many schools in Latin America face strong demands from their environments, these demands are marked by an increasing and more complex economic poverty, a deeper social inclusion and a lack of social cohesion, which are reflected in an escalated individualism. In addition to these demands, there are other expectations imposed by the academic and political world. In the academic world, contextualized learning and quality education services are expected, while in the political world, the demands are constituted by more levels of inclusion and of student permanence in schools. Together, these demands define a scenario for education characterized by several gaps: the ones between the performances of students from public and private schools, urban and rural schools, considering if they are male or female students, amongst others. It is important to highlight one of the most substantial disparity, which is the breach that exists from what the school is able to offer, greatly represented by the teacher in the classroom, and the emerging needs of the students,these needs correspond to particular and very diverse social environments, where every specific demand must be satisfied. To Close this gap, and the others previously mentioned, which are of no less importance, a priority in the political agenda of the governments must be given. To accomplish this major point, it is necessary to strengthen teachers' abilities to use and manage technologies and tools that will allow them to cater to the diversity of students in each of the schools attended, as well as contextualize teaching practices, and adapt them to reach the needs of these specific groups. In order to address these points many interventions, which used various training modes and work methodologies, were executed. However the actions taken, they have not have the desired outcome until now. Moreover the evidence resulting from international research specify that to strengthen the skills of the teachers accordingly, it is necessary that the training of in-service teachers should allow the promotion of spaces for reflection and dialog, as well as the opportunity to question common knowledge and practices. Data obtained from the field report that training given to teachers only generates real changes in teaching practices when these teachers have previously changed their understanding and beliefs of what teaching is to them, aligning them with the new approaches. This same data also reports that one of the most effective methodologies to generate these positive changes is the use of action research. The following observational investigation composed a study group of 21 in-service teachers attending a professional development that incorporated an action-research component. The purpose of this study is to establish how, and to what extent, the capacities for competitive research were strengthened in the group previously mentioned. To achieve this, different information collection tools were used for the observation of teaching performance: Tools such as tests, focus groups, analysis of testimonies and products. Complementary methodologies were also used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis, giving an emphasis on the latter. The results obtained from the quantitative analysis account for a significant improvement in each one of the seven skills that were part of this research, which are presented in the study as a whole. The results of the qualitative analysis report improvements in areas such as the formulation of problems, the use of evidences and methodological tools, hypothesis formulation and intervention, and scientific writing strategies, as well as important improvement in the capacity to research generally speaking. However, the outcome of this investigation has not created and impact in teachers so that will pursue them to implement and evaluate the use of research in their teaching practices.
ABSTRACT
En la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la UNA no contamos con un plan de desarrollo de la docencia, ni con un perfil docente que oriente la formación del médico en el ámbito de la docencia, y a la evaluación del desempeño docente. Se pretende que este trabajo elabore un documento que delinee el perfil genérico del docente de la FCM-UNA, contextualizado global y localmente, como base para generar las políticas y estrategias de un plan de desarrollo docente, que sirva como guía del itinerario formativo del docente médico y que además siente las bases para la evaluación y promoción de la carrera docente en nuestra facultad. Consideramos que este estudio, con el establecimiento del perfil del docente médico de la FCM-UNA, sentará las bases para diseñar, impulsar y gestionar un plan de desarrollo de la docencia que contemple la implementación, fortalecimiento y acompañamiento de la carrera docente, además de la evaluación y el aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación médica en nuestra facultad. Generará nuevos conocimientos pertinentes en el área de la docencia que den cuenta de la familia de problemas a las cuales nos enfrentemos y contribuya a propiciar espacios de reflexión sobre la docencia médica, y además se constituya en un modelo de análisis de la docencia en otros escenarios universitarios a nivel regional. Establecerá las bases para impulsar una formación docente que garantice la implementación de nuevo curriculum integrado y basado en competencias. Impulsará un marco normativo que motive y jerarquice la función docente, mediante el establecimiento de las condiciones necesarias para el desarrollo de la docencia en nuestro medio.
In the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the UNA we do not have neither a teaching development plan nor a teacher profile to guide the training of doctors in the field of teaching and teacher evaluation. This paper is intended to prepare a document outlining the generic profile of teachers of the FCM-UNA, globally and locally contextualized, as the basis for generating policies and strategies for a teacher development plan, to serve as a guide to the teacher training itinerary and also providing the basis for the evaluation and promotion of the teaching profession in our faculty. We believe that this study, with the establishment of the medical teacher profile of the FCM-UNA, will lay the foundation to design, promote and manage a development plan that includes teaching implementation, strengthening and support of the teaching profession, in addition to evaluation and quality assurance of medical education in our faculty. It will generate relevant new knowledge in the area of teaching that takes into account the group of problems which we face, and it will help to promote opportunities for reflection on medical education, and I will also constitute a model of analysis of teaching in other university scenes from the region. It will set the basis for boosting teacher training to ensure the implementation of new integrated and competency-based curriculum. It will promote a regulatory framework that will encourage and rank the teaching, by establishing the necessary conditions for development of teaching in our conditions.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of an established Research Hospital Competitiveness Evaluation System.Methods To evaluate the research competitiveness of 34 tertiary hospitals and their departments in Shanghai using above system.The reliability and validity of the indicator system were analyzed with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis based on the structural equation model.Results After adjusting for structure of the index system via item parceling, the CFI, MFI, RMSEA AND IFI were 1.000, 1.009, 0.000 and 1.028, the Cronbach's alpha of whole set indicators system was 0.768.Conclusions The results suggested that the measured reliability and validity are both in good degree, survey results can reflect the actual competence of evaluated hospitals.
ABSTRACT
Objective Establishing the scientific research competitiveness evaluation index system of Shanghai hospitals.Methods Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process were applied.Results Thirty-four experts were invited to provide evaluation index and weighted scores.The positive coefficient from two rounds of expert's consultation were 88.24％ and 94％.The expert's opinion of authority coefficient of each indicator's was greater than 0.7.The degrees of coordinative consistency was high.Kendall concordance coefficient was increasing with the increasing of consulting times.After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,2 level-one indictors,10 level-two indictors and 47 level-three indictors were confirmed.Conclusions After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,using all objective indicators,an Index System for research competitiveness evaluation in the hospitals in Shanghai has been created and could be used with scientific,objectivity and feasibility.
ABSTRACT
Objective To provide the evidence for cooperation in research on Kashin-Beck disease in China by ana-lyzing the research competence of authors in papers on Kashin-Beck disease and their cooperation .Methods Papers on Kashin-Beck disease were retrieved from 4 commonly used Chinese perodical databases .Key words Information was collected and organized using BICOMS to produce a co-words matrix,atlas of co-words was plotted using NetDraw, the data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.Results Of the 3454 authors engaged in research of Kashin-Beck disease from 1957 to 2012,81 published 15 or more than 15 papers.Cluster analysis showed that these 81 authors were from Institute of Endemic Diseases,Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School; Institute of Kashin-Beck Disease,Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control;Jilin No.2 Center for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control;Centers for Disease Prevention and Control of China Academy of Sciences , Henan Province and Gansu Province .Conclusion A large number of researchers are engaged in research of Kashin-Beck disease .Their research interest and charac-teristics are clear.However, the cooperation between different institutions is weak and should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIËN: la hipertensión arterial constituye un grave problema de salud nacional y mundial, cuya prevención representa la medida más importante, universal y menos costosa, por lo que nos motivamos a investigar acerca de la calidad de las investigaciones sobre hipertensión arterial en este campo, y de esta manera, aproximarnos a la formación de la competencia investigativa del médico en especialización en medicina general integral. OBJETIVO: determinar las insuficiencias que se evidenciaron en la actividad investigativa sobre hipertensión arterial del médico en etapa de especialización en medicina general integral desde la atención primaria de salud. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con elementos cualitativos a través de la revisión de una muestra de los trabajos de terminación de especialización en medicina general integral ejecutados en las diferentes áreas de salud del municipio Santiago de Cuba, desde 1988 a 2007. El cálculo de la muestra se realizó a través de un muestreo por conglomerados y las unidades muestrales se seleccionaron de forma intencional, escogiendo las investigaciones sobre hipertensión arterial realizadas en ese período. Entre las principales variables estudiadas estuvieron: clasificación del tipo de estudio, programa ramal al que pertenecían, valoración de los denominados condicionantes esenciales en una investigación científica, para comparar los hallazgos encontrados con las consideraciones plasmadas en las oponencias de dichas tesis. RESULTADOS: prevalecieron los estudios descriptivos pertenecientes a los programas ramales de atención materno infantil, adulto mayor y medicina natural y tradicional, así como la intervención comunitaria para elevar el nivel de conocimientos desde diferentes aristas del tema. CONCLUSIONES: se evidenciaron, en sentido general, insuficiencias en el proceso de investigación de los residentes y de otros profesionales involucrados en la formación posgraduada en medicina general integral con la ...
INTRODUCTION: the arterial hypertension is a serious problem of national and world health, whose prevention is the more important, global and less expensive measure, thus, we analyze on the quality of the researches on arterial hypertension in this field and so, to approach to creation of the physician's research competence in integral general medicine. OBJECTIVE: to determine the insufficiencies demonstrated in the research activity on arterial hypertension of physicians in process of specialization un integral general medicine from the health primary care. METHODS: a descriptive study was conducted on qualitative elements by means of a review of a sample of papers of integral general medicine specialization termination in different health areas from the Santiago de Cuba municipality from 1988 to 2007. The estimate of sample was carried out by sampling of conglomerates and the sampling units were selected in an intentional way, choosing the researches so arterial hypertension performed during that period. Among the main study variables were: classification of type of study, its branch program, assessment of so called essential conditioning features in a scientific research to compare the findings encountered with the registered considerations in the opponent points of such theses. RESULTS: there was a prevalence of descriptive studies from the branch programs of maternal-infantile care, the elderly and the natural and traditional medicine, as well as the community involvement to raise the knowledge level from the different lines of the subject. CONCLUSIONS: in general, insufficiencies in the research process of residents were evidenced and of other professionals involved in the postgraduate training in integral general medicine with the consequent limitation in the research competence and its professional performance in primary health care