ABSTRACT
Depression is a common emotional disorder that seriously affects people's life and health all over the world. The pathogenesis of depression is complex, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for antidepressants has a good therapeutic effect because of its multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target action mode. At present, the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM has not been fully clarified, but it is clear that depression is closely related to metabolic health. Therefore, in order to further explore the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM, this paper proposes research strategies on the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM based on functional metabolomics from the perspective of metabolism, the potential biomarkers of depression are analyzed with the help of multi-omics combined analysis technology, and the functional molecules of TCM for antidepressant are studied. Molecular biology techniques are used to accurately capture the molecular interactions between biomarkers of depression and functional compounds, which identify effective drug targets and further elucidate the biochemical functions and related mechanisms involved in depression metabolic disorders. This paper systematically reviews the research strategies and applications of functional metabolomics in the anti-depressive mechanisms of TCM, expounds on the core value of functional metabolomics, and summarizes the current research status and hot issues of TCM for antidepressants in recent years, providing new methods and new ideas for the study of mechanisms of TCM with the help of functional metabolomics.
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Depression constitutes the most common mental disorder with high prevalence rate， and is the leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Many factors are found to influence the development of depression， whereas either reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis or diagnostic criteria for subtype classification currently exist for depression. Therefore， this paper gives a detailed discussion on the current status and existing challenges of depression research in the context of brain imaging， psychoneuroimmunology and electroencephalography， thus providing a new perspective for research directions and future strategies related to depression.
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Metabonomics is the branch of systems biology. It has been widely used in the fields of diagnostic markers discovery, disease prognosis, drug action mechanism, drug efficacy and toxicity evaluation, traditional Chinese medicine syndromes differentiation. There are shortcomings in the conventional metabonomics research. Microdialysis technology is a new type of biosampling technology, and metabonomics research based on microdialysis technology is in the ascendant. In view of the particularity of microdialysis technology and its great differences from traditional sampling and pretreatment methods, the metabonomics process based on microdialysis technology has certain similarities with traditional metabonomics research, and its basic process has some particularity. Advantages and basic strategies of metabonomics research by microdialysis technology are systematically summarized for researchers' reference.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Metabolomics , Microdialysis , Research Design , Systems BiologyABSTRACT
As an outstanding representative of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM),ancient classical prescriptions carry the profound accumulation of the splendid civilization of Chinese medicine for thousands of years. It is the best part of the great treasure-house of Chinese medicine after thousands of years' training of TCM theory. It condenses the wisdom of all generations of doctors,and as the summary of clinical experience,it is the most brilliant pearl in the treasure house of TCM. The in-depth research and development of ancient classic prescriptions is a golden key to excavate the treasure house of TCM,which not only conforms to the development trend of TCM industry,but also brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the inheritance and innovation of contemporary Chinese herbal compound preparations. However,as a " new member" in the national drug research and development system,classic prescriptions have no specific implementation rules although the guidance is given by macro policies,and there is no successful case of research and development according to the registration requirements. Therefore,unified consensus and standards have not yet been formed for some key issues in the process of the development of the classic prescriptions,and much work is still in the exploration stage,so it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and discussion on these issues. In this paper,the problems in the research process of classical prescriptions were summarized,such as the resources of medicinal materials,the processing of decoction pieces,the prescription dosage,the molding technology and the quality evaluation,and the research strategy was put forward after analysis,hoping to provide a reference for the research and development of classical prescriptions.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Prescriptions , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the malignant tumors originated from keratinocytes. In recent years, bioinformatics has been widely used in the research of cSCC, including genomics, transcriptionomics and proteomics. Transcriptionomics is to study the function and structure of genes at the overall level, and reveal the molecular mechanism of specific biological processes. At present, microarray (gene chip) analysis method has been studied deeply. The selection and processing of gene chip expression database, online analysis platform and related software, as well as the latest research progress of gene expression chip in cSCC have herewith been reviewed in present paper.
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Excavating and characterizing the dosage forms characteristics of classic Chinese medicine preparations is the basis for the innovation of modern preparations of Chinese medicine. Through the combing statistics of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on the establishment of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, the research literature on Chinese medicine preparations at home and abroad, and the registration of new Chinese medicines in the past ten years, this paper finds that the research projects of classic Chinese medicines have been greatly reduced. The market share of traditional Chinese medicine classics has shrunk year by year. The modern preparation produced in the "preparation of traditional Chinese medicine by western medicine technology" mode dominates the market. However, because of its "degraded" effect, it is less competitive. Therefore, with the wave of classic dosage forms research promoted by national policies, accelerating the study of classical Chinese medicine preparations will not only promote the development of pharmaceutical discipline of traditional Chinese medicine, enhance the classic medical culture literacy, but also promote the protection and inheritance of classic medicine.
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As the Healthy China planning has been implemented, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has witnessed unprecedented developmental opportunities. However, the safety of TCM has always been like The Sword of Damocles in TCM area, endangering the healthy and sustainable development of TCM. In order to solve the problem of TCM safety in China as soon as possible, the author puts forward that the situation and issues of TCM safety should be considered with the change of the times. At the same time, it is suggested that the research on TCM safety should be listed as the most important project in TCM science and technology field. The safety evaluation and risk control system in line with China national situation and TCM characteristics should be established as soon as possible. The research strategy of TCM safety should be innovated from "five changes". The transition of adverse drug reactions of TCM from "still not clear" to "basically clear" should be tried to realize, which allow TCM inherited from our ancestors to make a greater contribution to human's health.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide references for effective quality control of soft capsules and discuss the applicability of method for dissolution test of soft capsules. METHODS: Based on analyzing dissolution requirements of soft capsules, we were compared the differences of methods for dissolution test in the pharmacopoeias of several countries with current correlative research from home and abord. RESULTS: The dissolution characteristics of soft capsules are more complex than common oral solid dosage forms, and the requirments are different in the pharmacopoeias of several countries. The formula of contents, hydrophilicity, rupture test and crossliking have impacts on the dissolution characteristics as well as dissolution device and so on. CONCLUSION: In order to develop the method for dissolution test of soft capsules, the dissolution device and medium, rupture test and in vitro-in vivo correlation etc. should be studied.
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This article reviewed the current situation of ethnomedicines in China, and propos that the important research on ethnomedicine is to focus on the theoretical and empirical characteristics of ethnomedicine and the special features in the processes of collecting,processing and clinical application of ethnomedicine, which will be benefit to find the research principles and methods with the characteristics of ethnomedicine. These principles include making clear of the effective substances and mechanisms, and theoretical and empirical characteristics of ethnomedicine. The three methods in the new drug discovery technology system for ethnomedicine are to solve the difference in varieties of traditional medical systems depending on finding the similarities of them, to find the conjunction in varieties of traditional medical systems through the key-herbs, and to find medicinal sources in varieties of traditional medical systems according to pharmaphylogeny.
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Multi-effect is a universal phenomenon for Chinese materia medica (CMM). However, only part of the chemical ingredients of CMM show effectiveness in a given formulas for the specific disease, which were recognized as the orientated effective components. In this paper, a strategy on the identification of orientated effective components from multi-effect CMM has been put forward, aiming at the discovery of the orientated material basis for CMM and their mechanisms. Based on these two prerequisites, "compatibility of prescriptions" and "different diseases" or "multiple effects", this strategy is carried out to identify and verify the orientated components of CMM in different syndromes by reverse analysis in vivo, compound compatibility or decomposed recipe analysis and comparative analysis methods, which combined the two key techniques of metabolomics and structure elucidation. Taking Astragali Radix, a Shanxi authentic herb, as an example, a scientific method was constructed for the study of oriented effective components of multi-effect CMM. The results will be expected to explain the compatibility of prescriptions from the molecular level, specify the direction for the quality control of CMM based on efficacy, provide the research basis for the selection of appropriate raw materials for clinical application and Chinese patent medicine production, and provide the foundation for multi-fractions CMM discovery.
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[Abstract ] In the 21st century, the arrival of the era of big data has quietly changed the medical model.The Big Data era not only challenges the traditional medical thinking model, but also offers significant opportunities for clinicians′scientific research.De-spite the arrival of the era of big data brings a new dawn for many fields of scientific research, the transition from large biological data to innovation resources is still the focus of our concern.Clinicians in the process of research should take full advantage of the big data of patients′clinical information, tumor biology, molecular markers and individuals′gene sequencing.They should in-depth explore, collect, organize, and make full use of those medical resources, completely learn patients′genomic variation and changes of their struc-ture and expression to find characteristic genetic markers and identify new driver genes and drug targets, providing an important basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Objective] Metabolomics is a genomics research methods, has good prospects in the study of mechanisms of acupuncture. In this paper, the progress of the research on the mechanism of the action of metabolism in the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion were reviewed. [Methods] Retrieve acupuncture mechanism studies,which use metabolic technology in nearly 15 years, and to summarize. [Results]Nearly 15 years metabolomics research techniques and tools developed rapidly. But the acupuncture metabomoic studies were still based on the research of animal experiments mainly, relative clinical research less. [Conclusion] With the deepening development of metabolomics studies, the metabolic characteristics of various diseases will gradually clear. Acupuncture clinical mechanisms research combined with metabolomics technology will have broader prospects. But the research strategy of metabololic technology on acupuncture clinical efficacy is yet to be further explored and improved.
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ABSTRACT: This is a review article prepared as a part of the assignment in the educational activity and training on research ethics titled “Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research” arranged by the Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh, in collaboration with the Department of Bioethics of National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA, through video conferencing between September 25 and November 13 of 2013. The search was confined to ‘Google’, ‘HINARI’ and ‘PubMed’ published articles. Besides, some guidelines on roles and responsibilities of Institutional Review Board (IRB) were taken into consideration. Key words used for searching were ‘institutional review board’, ‘ethical review committee’ and ‘ethical research’. A total of 18 journal articles and some guidelines were selected for this writing. The systemic review from the databases revealed some important discussions on research, ethical research, roles and responsibilities of IRB/ERC and its challenges, and national/institutional research strategies.
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Se presenta el nuevo diseño de la disciplina Informática Médica que forma parte del currículo de los estudios de Medicina en Cuba. La disciplina cuenta con 120 horas distribuidas en dos asignaturas, ubicadas en los dos primeros años de la carrera e integra contenidos de Informática, Estadística y Metodología de la Investigación. El programa se integra a la Estrategia curricular de Informática e Investigación vigente desde el curso 2010-2011. A partir de las opiniones de los profesores de todo el país recogidas en talleres territoriales, el análisis crítico de la experiencia acumulada durante más de cinco años impartiendo el programa anterior, opiniones de expertos del sistema nacional de salud y teniendo en cuenta las pautas para el perfeccionamiento del plan de estudios de Medicina se incorporó la migración al software libre, se duplicó el número de horas dedicadas a Metodología de la Investigación y se limitaron los objetivos a cumplir en el tema de Inferencia Estadística, entre otros cambios que se han comenzado a aplicar a partir de septiembre de 2010 y que se exponen en este trabajo(AU)
It is presented the new design of the discipline Medical Informatics which is part of the Medicine curriculum in Cuba. This discipline has 120 hours distributed in two subjects in the first two years of the studies. It includes contents of Informatics, Statistics and Research Methodology. Based on the professors opinions from all over the country, experts from the National Health System and taking into account the experience of more than five years teaching the previous discipline, it was decided to introduce the migration to free software, to duplicate the hours dedicated to Research Methodology and to diminish the goals in Statistical Inference, among other changes that are in practice since September 2010, and are exposed in this paper(AU)