Delivery of acupuncture in clinical trials: Research acupuncturists' perspectives / 中西医结合学报

Delivery of acupuncture in the setting of a clinical trial is a unique practice that diverges significantly from the delivery of acupuncture in a real-world clinical setting. Research acupuncturists, particularly those trained in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are often required to set aside valued precepts of traditional care, including diagnosing imbalances, individualizing treatment, and forging a therapeutic relationship with patients. TCM-trained acupuncturists express mixed feelings about participating in clinical trials. Many are eager to play a vital role in the advancement of acupuncture science and appreciate the need for strict protocol adherence to minimize bias. However, the acupuncturist(s) may also have concerns about clinical trial methodology, including but not limited to the delivery of a control condition, e.g., sham acupuncture. Investigators should anticipate certain questions and even a level of resistance to the requirements of research among acupuncturists and be prepared to address them. This manuscript presents a brief review of the subjective experience of the research acupuncturist within the available scientific literature as it pertains to the delivery of active and sham clinical research protocols. Our goals are to better understand the perspectives of acupuncturists who may participate in clinical research, so that their concerns may be addressed in study design and methodology. To that end, we suggest the creation of a novel training program specifically for clinical trial acupuncturists, intended for qualified TCM- and Western-trained practitioners, that would help to standardize the research acupuncturist's role and help to strengthen the design and execution of acupuncture studies. Please cite this article as: Anastasi JK, Capili B, Neumaier J, Hackett L. Delivery of acupuncture in clinical trials: Research acupuncturists' perspectives. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):315-319.

Scientists of Tomorrow/ Cientistas do Amanhã : a project to inspire, stimulate scientific thinking, and introduce scientific methodology for young students

ABSTRACT The Scientists of Tomorrow/ Cientistas do Amanhã project is an immersive science training program developed by the Program of Post-Graduation in Health Sciences at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. This program was conducted in partnership with Volunteering and Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Professor Paulo Freire in Paraisópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. The Scientists of Tomorrow Program comprised a short training period conducted in May 2022 involving 37 students, and a long training period from August to December 2022, which included 15 students. It aimed to popularize science through practical activities; transfer knowledge to young students; sensitize and guide them to pursue academic-scientific careers; reduce stereotypes about scientific work and scientists; and help students understand the social, political, and ethical roles of science within society. All activities were led by postgraduate students and professors from our postgraduate program, physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, biomedicals, and veterinarians from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, as well as medical students from Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein . Activities in the short training included lectures on cinema and science, strategies to combat fake news, non-violent communication, innovation, design-thinking framework, and developing a scientific project. During the long training period, discussions were focused on nanotechnology, animal research, big data, bioinformatics, meditation, blood and bone marrow donation, telemedicine, sex and sexually-transmitted infections, rehabilitation, career opportunities, and scientific integrity. In addition, practical activities were further expanded using optical and confocal microscopy, cytometry, and basic concepts regarding the structure and function of living cells. The program also included the launching of the open-air outreach Education E-natureza activity, which turned students into ambassadors of nature. In conclusion, the Scientists of Tomorrow Program was innovative and enabled young students to learn that science is a collective activity that can enhance public health.

Por um exercício coletivo de aprendizagem crítica e colaborativa na pós-graduação para além das fronteiras nacionais e epistemológicas / Towards a collective exercise of critical and collaborative learning in graduate studies: beyond national and epistemological borders / Por un ejercicio colectivo de aprendizaje crítico y colaborativo en los estudios de posgrado: más allá de las fronteras nacionales y epistemológicas

No contexto da pós-graduação, as inúmeras demandas e pressões que recaem sobre professores e alunos em termos de produtividade e o direcionamento metodológico das pesquisas incitam cada vez mais à criação de redes de colaboração que permitam não somente a troca de conhecimentos como também integram o percurso formativo dos pesquisadores no âmbito do mestrado e doutorado. Neste contexto, apresentamos aqui um relato que parte da experiência vivenciada no curso «Critical Research Methodologies: (Some) Cultural-Historical Perspectives". O curso, base para esta edição especial, resulta da confluência de três Metodologias de Pesquisa Crítica , com vistas a contribuir para a formação de pesquisadores, pautando-se em uma perspectiva dialógica e colaborativa de aprendizagem que possibilite a transformação social. O ferramental teórico abordado, bem como as atividades propostas no percurso formativo mostram-se essenciais e urgentes para um pensar metodológico mais abrangente e crítico ao promover a interação entre alunos e docentes de diferentes países e articular experiências sobre o fazer pesquisa. (AU)

In the context of graduate studies, the numerous demands and pressures that fall on teachers and students in terms of productivity and the methodological direction of research increasingly encourage the creation of collaborative networks that allow not only the exchange of knowledge but also integrate the formative journey of researchers in the context of master's and doctoral degrees. In this context, we present here a report based on the experience of the course "Critical Research Methodologies. The course results from the confluence of three strands of the so-called Critical Research Methodologies, aiming to contribute to researcher's education through a dialogical and collaborative learning perspective that enables social transformation. The theoretical approach, as well as the activities applied along course proved essential and demanding to achieve a more comprehensive and critical methodological thinking by promoting the interaction between students and teachers from different countries and articulating research experiences. (AU)

En el contexto de los estudios de postgrado, las numerosas exigencias y presiones que recaen sobre profesores y estudiantes en términos de productividad y de orientación metodológica de la investigación, fomentan cada vez más la creación de redes de colaboración que permitan no sólo el intercambio de conocimientos sino también integrar el recorrido formativo de los investigadores en el contexto de los estudios de máster y doctorado. En este contexto, presentamos aquí un informe basado en la experiencia del curso "Metodologías críticas de investigación: (algunas) perspectivas histórico-culturales". El curso resulta de la confluencia de tres Metodologías de Investigación Crítica, con el fin de contribuir a la formación de investigadores basada en una perspectiva de aprendizaje dialógico y colaborativo que permita la transformación social. El instrumental teórico abordado, así como las actividades propuestas en el trayecto formativo, son esenciales y urgentes para un pensamiento metodológico más amplio y crítico que promueva la interacción entre estudiantes y profesores de diferentes países y articule experiencias sobre el hacer investigación. (AU)

Profile of brazilian research productivity grant holders with a background in pediatric dentistry

Abstract This study outlines the profile of research productivity grant holders of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)] in the field of pediatric dentistry. A cross-sectional study with data collected from the Brazilian academic curriculum vitae database. The eligibility criterion was being a research productivity grant holder in pediatric dentistry from 2018 to 2020. In the period of interest, 215 individuals were research productivity grant holders in the field of dentistry, 33 of whom had graduate degrees (specialization, master's or doctorate) in pediatric dentistry. The period of scientific production and work concluded of advising of scientific initiation, master, doctoral and post-doctoral degrees was 2010 to 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze associations (5% significance level) between productivity grant level (2, 1D, 1C, 1B or 1A) and year of obtainment of the doctoral degree. The VOSviewer (version 1.6.17) was used to present graphically the interinstitutional collaborations. The sample was composed of Level 2 researchers (66.7%), women (66.7%), researchers linked to institutions in the southeastern region of Brazil (81.8%), with a doctoral degree concluded prior to 2002 (51.5%), began working as a professor at a higher education institution prior to 2007 (78.8%) and the title of full professor (45.5%). No significant association was found between productivity grant level and year of conclusion of the doctoral degree (p = 0.10). Median (interquartile range) of scientific articles was 119 (37-312). The prevalence of citations (57.52%) and JCR articles (62.76%) was higher among female researchers. In conclusion, CNPq research productivity grant holders in pediatric dentistry are essentially represented by females from the southeast region of the country (UFMG and USP). However, males have proportionally greater productivity.

Resumo Este estudo traça o perfil dos pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) da área de odontopediatria. Pesquisa transversal com dados coletados na base de currículos acadêmicos brasileiros. Os critérios de elegibilidade abrangeram os pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade de 2018 a 2020. Foram identificados 215 pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade na área de odontologia, dos quais 33 com pós-graduação (especialização, mestrado ou doutorado) em odontopediatria. O período de produção científica e trabalho de orientação concluído de iniciação científica, mestrado, doutorado e pós-doutorado foi de 2010 a 2020. Foi realizada análise descritiva e o teste de Kruskall-Wallis foi utilizado para verificar associações (nível de significância de 5%) entre nível da bolsa de produtividade (2, 1D, 1C, 1B ou 1A) e ano de obtenção do grau de doutor. O programa VOSviewer (versão 1.6.17) foi utilizado para identificar colaborações interinstitucionais. A amostra foi composta por pesquisadores de Nível 2 (66,7%), mulheres (66,7%), pesquisadores vinculados a instituições da região sudeste do Brasil (81,8%), com doutorado concluído antes de 2002 (51,5%), começaram a atuar como professor em instituição de ensino superior anterior a 2007 (78,8%) e o título de professor titular (45,5%). Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre nível de bolsa de produtividade e ano de conclusão do doutorado (p = 0,10). A mediana (intervalo interquartil) de artigos científicos foi de 119 (37-312). A prevalência de citações (57,52%) e artigos do JCR (62,76%) foi maior entre as pesquisadoras. Em conclusão, os pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade em Odontopediatria do CNPq são representados essencialmente por mulheres da região sudeste do país. No entanto, os homens apresentaram produtividade proporcionalmente maior.

Dr. C. Oscar Alonso Chil: ejemplo de consagración a la medicina cubana / Dr. C. Oscar Beto Alonso Chil: an example of dedication to the Cuban medicine

El Dr. C. Oscar Beto Alonso Chil, se graduó de Doctor en Medicina en 1954, fue uno de los médicos que no emigraron del país al triunfo de la Revolución. Se dedicó por entero al desarrollo de su especialidad: Medicina Interna; logró el Segundo Grado de especialización. Incansable investigador, consagró su vida y saberes a poner siempre en alto el nombre de la Medicina Cubana participando en eventos de prestigio nacional e internacional, como miembro de organizaciones y asociaciones de gran importancia tanto dentro como fuera del país y dirigiendo investigaciones con notables resultados. Fue propuesto para la categoría de Académico de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. No menos importante ha sido su labor docente como Profesor Titular de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Profesor de Mérito y Consultante. A lo largo de su trayectoria ha tutorado disímiles trabajos de pre y postgrado en su especialidad. Este educador mantuvo siempre un gran espíritu de sacrificio y dedicó la mayor parte de su carrera a su desarrollo científico y labor educativa los que le aportaron un gran reconocimiento, prestigio y admiración dentro de la comunidad de estudiantes y colegas.

Oscar Beto Alonso Chil, PhD in Medicine, graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in 1954, being one of the physicians who did not leave the country after the triumph of the Revolution. He dedicated his whole life to the development of his specialty, Internal Medicine, achieving the second degree of specialization. He was a tireless researcher who devoted his life and knowledge to set the name of the Cuban Medicine at a very high level during his participation in prestigious National and International events, as a member of very important organizations and associations both inside and outside the country, and carrying out the supervision of investigations with excellent results. He was nominated for the category of academician of the Cuban Academy of Sciences. Equally important was his teaching work as a full professor of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Professor Emeritus and Consultant. In the course of his teaching life he was the tutor of numerous undergraduate and postgraduate studies of his specialty. A great spirit of sacrifice prevailed in this educator who dedicated most of the time of his career to his scientific development and teaching labor which gave him a great recognition and the prestige and admiration among students and colleagues.

How Indian physiologists are contributing to the peer review of scientific literature? An audit of publons profiles

Background: Peer review is one of the cornerstones of sound scientific publication. When a paper is submitted to a journal, after an initial assessment, the editor sends the article to reviewers with similar research experiences for comprehensive comments. Aims and Objectives: In this article, we aimed to analyze the pattern of peer review by the reviewers in the physiology domain from India as found in publons.com. Materials and methods: We searched https://publons.com and clicked on 揃rowse� to search the profile of 揜esearchers.� The research field was selected as 揚hysiology� and the country as 揑ndia.� A total of 158 profiles were found with the search criteria. The number of publications, citations, peer review, H-index, and the editorial record was obtained for further analysis. The number of the peer review was tested with the number of publications and citations for any existing correlation. Results: Among the 158 researchers in the physiology domain, an average verified review was 8.09 � 32.12 and an average number of publications were 15.7 � 31.1. Their number of citations was 359.75 � 1296.24 with an average H-index of 4.15 � 7.85. There was a significant positive correlation with peer review versus number of publication (0.39 [95% CI: 0.24 to 0.51], P < 0.0001) and peer review versus number of citation (0.26 [95% CI: 0.11 to 0.41)], P = 0.0008). Conclusion: Peer reviewers in the physiology domain from India have contributed by reviewing an average of 8 peer reviews. However, many of the profiles showed zero contribution. More publications and more citations would expose the researchers to a wider audience worldwide, including the editors. Hence, they would get peer review requests.

Tensiones y posibilidades del investigador educativo colombiano: de la disolución mercantil a la defensa del deseo de saber / Tensions and Possibilities of the Colombian Educational Researcher: From Mercantile Dissolution to the Defense of the Desire to Know

Resumen El artículo expone elementos históricos que han incidido en la configuración de la investigación educativa en Colombia en las últimas décadas para mostrar de qué forma tal contexto ha influenciado en el investigador educativo. En primer lugar, describe vacíos presentes en los trabajos de investigación en educación. Desde allí, el análisis se centra en la universidad contemporánea y los efectos que ha tenido el capitalismo cognitivo y la mercantilización en estas instituciones que son uno de los escenarios donde se efectúa investigación educativa. En un tercer momento, muestra la incidencia de la lógica mercantil en la formación de investigadores educativos. Finalmente, el artículo propone elementos para tensionar el campo e incidir en la formación de los futuros investigadores y en las prácticas de los investigadores vigentes, de tal manera que se logre una reorientación de los parámetros que determinan al campo educativo.

Abstract The article exposes historical elements that have influenced the configuration of educational research in Colombia in recent decades to show how this context has influenced the educational researcher. In the first place, it describes gaps present in educational research works. From there, the analysis focuses on the contemporary university and the effects that cognitive capitalism and commodification have had on these institutions, which are one of the scenarios where educational research is conducted. Thirdly, it shows the incidence of mercantile logic in the training of educational researchers. Finally, the article proposes elements to stress the field and influence the training of future researchers and the practices of current researchers, so as to achieve a reorientation of the parameters, which determine the educational field.

Mensuração da atividade física e comportamento sedentário: uma análise baseada em grupos de pesquisa / Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior: a research group-based analysis

O presente estudo caracterizou os grupos de pesquisa brasileiros que possuem linhas de pesquisa voltadas à temática da mensuração da atividade física e/ou comportamento sedentário. Autores de artigos originais envolvendo desenvolvimento, adaptação, tradução e testagem de qualidade de medidas de instrumentos da atividade física/comportamento sedentário na população brasileira foram convidados a responder um instrumento online contendo 19 questões para a identificação de líderes e de características gerais dos grupos de pesquisa. Vinte e oito grupos de pesquisa foram identificados, sendo o pioneiro criado na década de 1970 e a maioria nas últimas duas décadas. Enquanto a região sudeste apresentou a maior concentração de grupos, foi identificada ausência de grupos nas regiões norte e centro-oeste. Os métodos de mensuração mais testados por estes grupos foram os subjetivos, predominantemente questionários (n = 24), seguidos pelos métodos objetivos por meio de acelerômetros (n = 18) e pedômetros (n = 9). Foram identificadas várias conexões (parcerias permanentes com outros grupos/instituições) em nível nacional e internacional, especialmente com países da América do Norte, Europa e Austrália. Espera-se que os resultados do presente estudo possam estimular ações colaborativas entre grupos e pesquisadores brasileiros com o intuito de reduzir desigualdades regionais e aprimorar a produção do conhecimento na área da mensuração da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário

The present study characterized the Brazilian research groups that have research lines focused on the meas-uring of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. Authors of original articles that involved the devel-opment, adaptation, translation, and quality testing of measures of physical activity/sedentary behavior instruments in the Brazilian population were invited to answer an online instrument containing 19 questions to identify leaders and general characteristics of research groups. Twenty-eight research groups were identified, the pioneer being created in the 1970's and the majority in the last two decades. While the Southeast region had the highest concentration of groups, the absence of groups was identified in the North and Midwest regions. The measurement methods most tested by these groups were subjective, predominantly questionnaires (n = 24), followed by objective methods using accelerometers (n = 18) and pedometers (n = 9). Several connections (permanent partnerships with other groups/institutions) were identified at national and international levels, especially with countries in North America, Europe, and Australia. It is expected that the results of the present study can stimulate collaborative actions between Brazilian groups and re-searchers to reduce regional inequalities and improve the production of knowledge in the area of measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior

Research competence and training needs of young general practitioners / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the research competence and training needs of young general practitioners (GPs) in Guangdong province.Methods:A questionnaire survey on research competence and training needs was conducted in December 2020 among GPs from one selected economically developed area and one selected less developed area in Guangdong Province.Results:A total of 172 young GPs were included in the study. The survey showed that 75.6% (130/172) and 76.2% (131/172) respondents thought that participation in scientific research and research literacy were important, but only 11.9% (21/172) had participated in research project, among whom 81.0% (17/21) undertook data collection. The basic score of evidence-based medicine was 24.00(21.00, 28.00), and 55.2% respondents (95/172) were able search literature when they encountered problems and 43.7% (77/172) used domestic databases. The self-assessment score of scientific research ability was 14.00(12.00, 17.00), the score of research training needs was 41.00(31.00, 49.50), and the scores of "scientific research topic selection, scientific research design, statistical analysis, organization and implementation, and paper writing" were generally high. There was significant difference in the total scores of the two scales of evidence-based medicine basis and scientific research ability self-assessment among respondents with different educational background ( P<0.05). The basic score of evidence-based medicine of orientation-trained GPs was higher than that of non-orientation-tranined GPs; the average score of research training needs in female respondents was higher than that in males ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The study suggests that young general practitioners have inadequate experience in research participation and organization, and low self-ratings of research competence, but generally high personal efficacy in research. It is recommended that appropriate training content and well-organized intervention should be developed for young GPs.

Special Interest Group for Promoting Primary Care Research on Social Determinants of Health / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

The third annual meeting of Primary Care Research (PCR) Connect was the start of the Special Interest Group (SIG) initiative addressing research on the social determinants of health. The SIG is important for building networks among researchers to promote primary care research on complex systems.

Experiencias etnográficas y preocupaciones éticas en espacios de atención a la salud en México

en México, la integración de estudiantes-investigadores de antropología en salud a espacios de atención a la salud es muy reciente, por lo que resulta relevante conocer el proceso histórico y de la misma forma problematizar la interacción de estos con los prestadores de salud, así como con sus usuarios, a fin de discutir sobre la posibilidad de acceso para realizar indagaciones sobre las prácticas etnográficas, funciones y consecuencias de la presencia del investigador social en dicho espacio, desde la visión del estudiante de posgrado. Por lo anterior, se realizaron grupos focales con diez alumnos del área de antropología en salud, en los que se averiguó sobre la experiencia de sus investigaciones en los ámbitos anteriormente mencionados, llegando a la conclusión de que son de relevancia tres ejes: en primer lugar, la preparación de trabajo antropológico para y en la institución, seguido de la performatividad en la institución y, por último, los conflictos tanto administrativos, como operativos en la práctica etnográfica. Estos ejes se desarrollaron en este trabajo, y a través de ellos se plantearon y describieron las tensiones de la práctica profesional antropológica en instituciones de salud, con base en el hecho de que la etnografía en estos espacios confronta a dos disciplinas y lógicas institucionales diferentes. Finalmente, se realizó una reflexión desde las implicaciones éticas del desarrollo de la etnografía en estos espacios, al abrigo de los derechos humanos del usuario-paciente.

in Mexico, the integration of anthropology students-researchers in health care spaces is very recent, so it is relevant to know the historical process and in the same way to problematize the interaction of these with health care providers, as well as with their users, in order to discuss the possibility of access to conduct research on ethnographic practices, functions, and consequences of the presence of the social researcher in this space, from the vision of the graduate student. Therefore, focus groups were conducted with ten students in the area of anthropology in health, in which they in-quired about the experience of their research in the aforementioned areas, reaching the conclusion that three axes are relevant: first, the preparation of anthropological work for and in the institution, followed by the performativity in the institution and, finally, both administrative and operational conflicts in ethnographic practice.Axes that were developed in this work, through which the tensions of the anthropological professional practice in health institutions were raised and described based on the fact that ethnography in these spaces confronts two dif-ferent disciplines and institutional logics. Finally, a reflection was made on the ethical implications of the development of ethnography in these spaces, under the protection of the human rights of the user-patient.

no México, a integração de estudantes-pesquisadores de antropologia em saúde a espaços de atenção à saúde é muito recente, portanto resulta relevante conhecer o processo histórico e, da mesma forma, problematizar a interação deles com os prestadores de saúde, bem como com seus usuários, a fim de discutir sobre a possibilidade de acesso para realizar questionamentos sobre as práticas etnográficas, funções e consequências da presença do pesquisador social nesse espaço, a partir da visão do estudante de pós-graduação. Por isso, foram realizados grupos focais com dez alunos da área de antropologia em saúde, nos quais se averiguou sobre a experiência de suas pesquisas nos contextos anteriormente mencionados, chegando à conclusão de que três eixos são de relevância: em primeiro lugar, a preparação de trabalho antropológico para e na instituição, seguido da performatividade na instituição e, por último, os conflitos tanto administrativos quanto operacionais na prática etnográfica. Eixos que são desenvolvidos neste trabalho por meio dos quais são descritas as tensões da prática profissional antropológica em instituições de saúde com base no fato de a etnografia nesses espaços confrontar duas disciplinas e lógicas institucionais diferentes. Finalmente, foi realizada uma reflexão a partir das implicações éticas do desenvolvimento da etnografia nesses espaços, sob a proteção de direitos humanos do usuário-paciente.

Dr. Francisco Valdés Lazo: un médico excepcional / Dr. Francisco Valdés Lazo: an exceptional physician

José Martí sentenció: "Saberse sacrificar es el precio del éxito durable en todo", y con grandes sacrificios y éxitos en su vida laboral se resume la obra del Dr. Francisco Valdés Lazo, un médico excepcional que supo vincular sus responsabilidades administrativas con la docencia y la investigación. Incansable luchador por los avances de la Medicina, gestor de la Escuela Cubana de Pediatría, representa un gran ejemplo para los médicos cubanos y de Latinoamérica. Durante su vida estudiantil colaboró de forma destacada en las actividades que se desarrollaron, siendo fundador de las milicias revolucionarias. Una vez graduado es ubicado en el hospital pediátrico de Santa Clara, además atendía a los milicianos que se encontraban movilizados en la lucha contra bandidos en El Escambray. Al cumplir el servicio social, ya había demostrado sus condiciones de liderazgo, siendo ubicado como subdirector del Hospital Pediátrico "Pedro Borrás"; sus cualidades como revolucionario, inteligencia y entrega total al trabajo, le permitieron ser promovido a diferentes cargos de dirección hasta ser ubicado en el nivel central. Brindó asesoría científica a diferentes países del mundo, entre ellos, Guinea Bissau, Nicaragua, Bolivia, México y Guatemala; impartió numerosos cursos de postgrado nacionales e internacionales y recibió diferentes condecoraciones como médico e investigador. Unido a su humanismo, sus métodos de dirección, su carácter afable y su sentido del humor aun en situaciones difíciles, hacen de este profesional de la Medicina cubana un ejemplo a seguir para todas las generaciones de médicos(AU)

José Martí declared: "Knowing how to sacrifice is the price of lasting success at everything." The work of Dr. Francisco Valdés Lazo can be summed up in great sacrifices and successes during all his working life. He was an exceptional physician who knew how to link his administrative responsibilities to teaching and research. He was a tireless fighter for the advances in Medicine, the founder of the Cuban School of Pediatrics and a great example for Cuban and Latin American doctors. During his student life, he collaborated prominently with different activities, being the founder of the revolutionary militias. As soon as he graduated, he started to work in the pediatric hospital of Santa Clara. He also cared for the militiamen who were mobilized in the fight against bandits in El Escambray. After he finished his social service, he had already demonstrated his leadership condition; therefore, he was designed as deputy director of the Pedro Borrás Pediatric Hospital. His qualities as revolutionary as well as his intelligence and total dedication to work allowed him to be promoted to different management positions until he was positioned at the central level. He provided scientific advice to different countries in the world such as Guinea Bissau, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Mexico, and Guatemala. He taught numerous national and international postgraduate courses and received different awards as physician and researcher. His humanism, management methods, affable character and his sense of humor, even in difficult situations, make this Cuban medical professional an example to be followed for all generations of doctors(AU)

La resignificación participativa de la fundamentación pedagógica como escenario vital para la construcción del Proyecto Educativo Institucional / Participatory Reunification of Pedagogical Foundation as a Vital Scenario for the Construction of the Institutional Educational Project (PEI)

Resumen La Escuela Normal Superior Pbro. José Gómez Isaza (Antioquia - Colombia) realizó una investigación acción participativa propendiendo por resignificar de la fundamentación pedagógica de su Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI). Situación suscitada por la necesidad de formar otro tipo de maestros, con un perfil acorde a las demandas del contexto y las diversas poblaciones con las que se desenvuelven. Después de haber desplegado una ruta metodológica pensada por los actores/investigadores, fue necesaria una nueva fundamentación pedagógica, subyaciendo así una propuesta pedagógica crítico-dialógica que repensó desde categorías potencializadoras elementos básicos del currículo: formación, didáctica, investigación, relaciones pedagógicas y evaluación. Con esta propuesta se entretejió sistémicamente un nuevo PEI.

Abstract Priest José Gómez Isaza Normal High School, Antioquia, Colombia led a participatory action research striving for the redefinition of the pedagogical foundation of its Institutional Educational Project (PEI). This situation sprang from the need to form other types of teachers, according to a profile based on the demands of the context and the various populations with which they develop. After having deployed a methodological route which was designed by the actors/researchers, a new pedagogical foundation was necessary. Thus, underpinning a critical-dialogical pedagogical proposal, which reconsidered from potentializing categories, basic elements of the curriculum: training, didactics, research, pedagogical relations, and evaluation. With this proposal, a new PEI was systematically interwoven.

Percepção de professores-pesquisadores sobre questões éticas em pesquisas on-line / Perception of professor-researchers on ethical issues in online research / Percepción de profesores-investigadores sobre cuestiones éticas en investigaciones en línea

Resumo O artigo investiga a percepção de professores-pesquisadores em relação à ética em pesquisa on-line. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo que entrevistou profissionais vinculados a programas de pós-graduação em educação de universidades brasileiras que atuam com tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação. Os dados foram organizados em mapa dialógico, cuja análise permitiu identificar alguns sentidos atribuídos à ética em pesquisa. Os entrevistados demonstraram reconhecer a importância da ética em pesquisa on-line e compartilharam opiniões, preocupações e críticas que permitiram (des)construir discursos a fim de defender uma prática científica direcionada à proteção dos participantes de pesquisas.

Abstract This article analyzes the perception of professors on online research ethics. This qualitative study interviewed professionals linked to graduate programs in Brazilian universities, who work with digital information and communication technologies. Data were organized in a dialogic map, whose analysis allowed identifying meanings attributed to research ethics. Respondents recognized the importance of ethics in online research and shared opinions, concerns, and criticisms that allowed (de)constructing discourses to defend a scientific practice aimed at protecting research participants.

Resumen El artículo investiga la percepción de profesores-investigadores acerca de la ética en la investigación en línea. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, que entrevistó a profesionales vinculados a programas de educación de posgrado en universidades brasileñas y que trabajan con tecnologías digitales de la información y la comunicación. Se organizaron los datos en un mapa dialógico, cuyo análisis permitió identificar algunos significados atribuidos a la ética de la investigación. Los encuestados demostraron reconocer la importancia de la ética en la investigación en línea y compartieron opiniones, preocupaciones y críticas que permitieron (des)construir discursos para defender una práctica científica orientada a proteger los participantes de investigaciones.

La formación de tutores de doctorado como opción académica de la universidad médica cubana contemporánea / The training of doctoral tutors as an academic option of the contemporary Cuban medical university

El análisis histórico del proceso de formación doctoral en el campo de las ciencias médicas y de la salud en Cuba permite plantear que la forma acostumbrada de ejecutar la tutoría de estudiantes de doctorado resulta de la experiencia obtenida en el ejercicio y la práctica de esta actividad en el transcurso del tiempo. Con poca frecuencia, los potenciales tutores reciben algún entrenamiento acerca del proceso de tutoría, por lo que carecen de las herramientas necesarias para hacer frente a los desafíos del proceso y cumplir con un desempeño profesional exitoso. Por tanto, se impone la propuesta de programas que basados en la reflexión sobre la práctica tutorial nacional y foránea, establezcan herramientas dirigidas a perfeccionar el desarrollo profesional de los tutores en la formación de los doctores. Por todo lo mencionado, y ante los cuestionamientos acerca de la idoneidad y competencias del tutor de doctorado, el objetivo del artículo es argumentar sobre los beneficios que implica el diseño e implementación de programas de formación de tutores en las ciencias biomédicas como estrategia metodológica para fortalecer su preparación, potenciar la producción científica de los doctorandos y elevar la calidad de la formación de los futuros investigadores(AU)

The historical analysis of the doctoral training process in the field of Medical and Health Sciences in Cuba allows us to argue that the customary way of executing the tutoring of doctoral students results from the experience obtained in the exercise and practice of this activity in over time. Infrequently, potential tutors receive some training about the mentoring process, so they lack the necessary tools to face the challenges of the process and meet successful professional performance. Therefore, the proposal of programs is a necessity based on reflection about national and foreign tutorial practice and establishing tools aimed at perfecting the professional development of the tutors in the training of doctors. For all the aforementioned, and in view of the questions about the suitability and competences of the doctoral tutor, the objective of the article is to argue about the benefits of the design and implementation of training programs for tutors in Biomedical Sciences as a methodological strategy to strengthen their preparation, enhance the scientific production of doctoral students and raise the quality of training for future researchers(AU)

Application of medical failure mode and effect analysis in blood sample management in phase I clinical trials / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the application effect of medical failure mode and effect analysis in the blood sample management of phase I clinical trials, and to provide a basis for improving the quality of blood sample management. METHODS: Convenient sampling was used to draw blood samples from healthy subjects in phase I clinical trials as the research objects. According to whether the medical failure mode and effect analysis method was implemented, they were divided into 3 080 control groups and 3 064 observation groups. The unqualified rate of blood samples, the number of unqualified items, the satisfaction of subjects and the passing rate of the researcher's examination between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The unqualified rate of blood samples in the control group was 1.95%, and the unqualified rate of blood samples in the observation group was 0.59%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The number of unqualified items in the blood samples of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The satisfaction of subjects in the observation group and the passing rate of the investigator were higher than those in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The implementation of medical failure mode and effect analysis not only provides qualified biological samples for the detection and analysis of drug concentration in clinical trials, but also enhances the standardization and specialization of researchers, and contributes to the improvement of the overall quality of clinical trials.

Pesquisa Psicanalítica: Da Transferência com a Psicanálise à Produção do Ensaio Metapsicológico / Psychoanalytic Research: From Transference with Psychoanalysis to the Production of the Metapsychological Essay

Resumo São frequentes os debates acerca da epistemologia e potencialidade da pesquisa psicanalítica, especialmente em função da inserção da Psicanálise no âmbito universitário, sobremaneira em nível de pós-graduação. Em vista disso, o presente artigo propõe uma possível articulação entre três pilares que sustentam uma proposta de pesquisa psicanalítica, quais sejam, o pesquisador psicanalítico, sua transferência com a Psicanálise e a produção de saber metapsicológico ancorada no espaço de orientação universitária. Defende-se que um pesquisador psicanalítico, no exercício aqui proposto de três tempos do testemunho, a partir de sua transferência com a Psicanálise e no espaço de orientação da pesquisa - possibilitado pelo orientador psicanalista - torna possível a produção de um saber em Psicanálise.

Abstract There are frequent debates about epistemology and the potentiality of psychoanalytic research, due in large part to the insertion of Psychoanalysis in the university realm, especially at the graduate level. Therefore, this article proposes a possible articulation between three pillars that support a psychoanalytic research proposal, namely, the psychoanalytic researcher, his transference with Psychoanalysis, and the production of metapsychological knowledge anchored in the space of university guidance. It is argued that a psychoanalytic researcher, in the exercise proposed here with three testimony tenses, from its transference using Psychoanalysis and in the space of research guidance - made possible by the psychoanalytic advisor - allows the production Psychoanalytic knowledge.

Cómo determinar en forma transparente y justa las autorías de un trabajo de investigación / How to determine in a transparent and fair way the authors of a research paper

Para que una persona sea merecedora de la autoría de una investigación debe haber realizado alguna contribución académica sustancial para que esta pudiera llevarse a cabo y, además, ser capaz de dar cuenta públicamente de la integridad de sus procesos y sus resultados. Este artículo resume: 1) la matriz propuesta por L. W. Roberts para contribuir a definir las autorías durante las etapas iniciales de la investigación, 2) los criterios de autoría del Comité Internacional de Editores de Revistas Médicas para definir quiénes merecen dichos créditos y quiénes no, 3) la taxonomía de 14 roles propuesta por la Declaración CRediT para transparentar las tareas realizadas por cada una de las personas proclamadas autoras de una investigación biomédica y 4) las principales conductas que degradan la transparencia de las autorías

For a person to deserve an investigation authorship he/she must have made some substantial academic contribution so that that research could be carried out and, in addition, must be able to publicly account for the integrity of their processes and their results. This article summarizes: 1) the matrix proposed by Roberts to help defining authorship during the initial stages of the investigation; 2) authorship criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors to define who deserves such credits and who does not; 3) the 14-role taxonomy proposed by the CRediT Declaration to transparent the tasks performed by each of the proclaimed authors of a biomedical research; 4) the main behaviors that degrade the transparency of authorships

Perfil e vozes dos participantes de pesquisas clínicas no Brasil / Profiles and voices of participants in clinical research in Brazil / Perfil y voces de los participantes de investigaciones clínicas en Brasil

Resumo Este estudo de caso buscou traçar o perfil socioeconômico de participantes de ensaios clínicos em centro de pesquisa brasileiro, analisando suas decisões, motivações e experiências, seu conhecimento sobre riscos, benefícios e cuidados dispensados e o processo de consentimento. Dados de 327 participantes foram coletados, realizando-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 19 deles. Nas pesquisas executadas no centro estudado houve maior participação de homens, de pessoas com poucos anos de estudo formal e de baixa renda. A maioria é aposentada, não tem assistência privada à saúde e tende a não perceber os efeitos da investigação ou superestimar os benefícios médicos diretos. A busca pelo tratamento médico foi o principal fator que influenciou suas decisões/participação, e a assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido não garantiu a expressão da autonomia. Conclui-se que o perfil e o conteúdo dos discursos dos participantes são sensíveis indicadores de vulnerabilidade e desigualdade social.

Abstract This case study aimed to trace the socioeconomic profile of participants in clinical research at a Brazilian research center, analyzing their decisions, motivations, experiences, knowledge of risks, benefits and health care provided, and the consent process. The data of 327 participants were collected, and semi-structured interviews conducted with 19 of them. In the research carried out at the center studied there was a greater participation of men and of people with few years of formal education and low income. Most are retired and have no private health plan, tend not to notice the effects of the investigation, or to overestimate its direct medical benefits. The search for medical treatment was the main factor influencing their decisions/participation, and signing the informed consent form did not guarantee the expression of autonomy. We concluded that the participants' profile and speeches content are sensitive indicators of vulnerability and social inequality.

Resumen Este estudio de caso trató de esbozar el perfil socioeconómico de participantes de ensayos clínicos en un centro de investigación brasileño, analizando sus decisiones, motivaciones y experiencias, su conocimiento sobre los riesgos, beneficios y cuidados prestados y el proceso de consentimiento. Se recopilaron datos de 327 participantes y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 19 de ellos. En las investigaciones realizadas en el centro estudiado hubo una mayor participación de hombres, de personas con pocos años de educación formal y con bajos ingresos. La mayoría es jubilada y no tiene asistencia sanitaria privada, tiende a no percibir los efectos de la investigación o a sobrestimar los beneficios médicos directos. La búsqueda de tratamiento médico fue el factor principal que influyó en sus decisiones/participación, y la firma del término de consentimiento libre e informado no garantizó la expresión de la autonomía. Se concluye que el perfil y el contenido de los discursos de los participantes son sensibles indicadores de vulnerabilidad y desigualdad social.