Study on the efficacy evaluation criteria of randomized controlled trials of TCM in the treatment for edema / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the efficacy evaluation criteria of the existing TCM treatment for edema RCT research, and to provide reference for the construction of unified standards.Methods:The batabases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Web of Science were retrieved. The randomized controlled trials for the treatment of edema of TCM research, from September 1, 1993 to July 31, 2022, were screened and included. The content of efficacy evaluation, performed statistics on evaluation standard, the curative effect evaluation indexes, as well as standard composition, usage were extracted. We analyzed the characteristics, application and problems of the existing efficacy evaluation criterion.Results:A total of 123 Chinese articles were included. The included literature involved nephrogenic edema, cardiogenic edema, idiopathic edema, apoplexy limb edema and other edema. In recent years, randomized controlled trials on the treatment of edema by TCM have mainly used four efficacy evaluation criteria. Of which the Guidelines for Clinical Research on New Chinese Medicines (Trial) in 2002 had the highest utilization rate of 29.27%. Secondly, the utilization rate of Standard for Diagnosis and Curative Effect of TCM Diseases and Syndromes was 21.14%. The rest of the criteria were used by less than 6%. While 39.02% of the literature did not use the standards or used self-designed standards. Among the composition of efficacy evaluation indices, the application rate of TCM syndrome or symptom efficacy index was the highest (91.87%), the utilization rate of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire Indicators was only 4.88%; biochemical tests accounted for a large proportion of Western medical indicators, while the measurement of edema severity was rarely applied. Conclusions:At present, the evaluation criteria of edema curative effect are diversified and insufficiently popularized, which need to be further screened and improved. It is suggested to construct a TCM edema efficacy evaluation model based on the characteristics of edema syndrome, comprehensively evaluate the efficacy from multiple dimensions such as TCM syndromes, western medicine indicators, and quality of life, and improve the scientific indicators.

A ressonância dos manuscritos hindus e chineses na doutrina de Arthur Schopenhauer / The resonance of the chinese and indian manuscripts on Arthur Schopenhauer's doctrine

Este artigo pretende inventariar algumas leituras realizadas por Arthur Schopenhauer, na Alemanha do século XIX, e legitimar as ressonâncias de manuscritos da Índia e da China em sua filosofia. Em 1811, Schopenhauer era estudante na Universidade de Göttingen e nesse período o contato íntimo com informações sobre a Ásia o transformaram num entusiasta pelo misticismo chinês e hindu. Em 1813, tomou conhecimento das sabedorias hindu e chinesa, através de revistas especializadas (Asiastisches Magazin/Asiatic Researches), que estavam disponíveis na biblioteca que frequentava regularmente, uma instituição privada pertencente à Duquesa Anna Amália (Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliotek), em Weimar. Após anos de estudo, é possível perscrutar, na primeira edição de O Mundo como vontade e representação (1918- 1919), os resultados desse empreendimento acadêmico. Para este artigo, buscou-se estabelecer as ressonâncias em obras tardias do filosófico, a saber, o ensaio "Algumas observações sobre a literatura sânscrita", do volume II de Parerga e Paralipomena (1851), e o capítulo de Sobre a vontade da natureza intitulado "Sinologia", extraído da segunda edição de 1854.(AU)

This paper aims to inventory some reading by Arthur Schopenhauer in the 19th Century in Germany, and to legitimize the resonance of manuscripts from India and China on his Philosophy. In 1811, Schopenhauer was a student at the University of Göttingen and during that period he had a close contact with information about Asia which made him an enthusiast for Chinese and Hindu Misticism. In 1813, he learned of Hindu and Chinese Wisdom through specialized journals (Asiastisches Magazin/Asiatic Researches), which were available at the library that he regularly attended, a private institution belonging to Duchess Anna Amalia (Hergozin Anna Amalia Bibliotek) in Weimar. After years of study, it is possible to scrutinize into the first edition of The World as Will and Representation (1818-1819), the results of that academic venture. For this paper, we sought to establish the resonance in his late works, namely the essay "Some Observations on Sanskrit Literature", v. II of Parerga and Paralipomena (1851 and the chapter on On the Will of Nature entitled "Sinology", extracted from the second edition of 1854.(AU)

Modern Pharmacological Toxicology and Clinical Application of Antitumor Nanometer Realgar / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Realgar is toxic and belongs to drug of poison attack, with anti-cancer, anti-pest, dry wet and expectorant effects. Ancient doctors often used realgar to treat carbuncle, boil, abdominal pain and other diseases. Modern doctors use it to treat malignant tumors and blood diseases. The toxicity of realgar results in a small range of safety in its drug use. Modern scholars combine traditional Chinese medicine with nano-technology means to grind realgar into nano-realgar. Compared with realgar, nano-realgar has an improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity in vivo. Modern pharmacological researches use nano-realgar to interven lung cancer cells, skin cancer cells, cervical cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells and leukemia cells in experiments, which confirmed that nano-realgar has effects in inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and cell differentiation, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and angiogenesis, but with antiviral, sterilization of analgesic effects. Modern toxicological studies have been conducted in mice through intragastric treatment with different concentrations of nano-realgar preparation. The symptoms and signs of mice and various auxiliary examination indexes were recorded at different time periods. It was concluded that nano-realgar has regular effects on blood biochemical indexes at safe doses. In clinical trials, nano-realgar was applied to treat damaged wound surface of malignant tumor. It was found that nano-realgar can promote healing of wound surface of tumor, alleviate pain, relieve clinical symptoms, such as bleeding, purulence and odor, and improve quality of life of patients. In addition, with a simple usage and good patient compliance, administration with nano-realgar requires no hospitalization, can save medical resources, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Strengthen operational researches on influenza polices, and promote influenza vaccination in China / 中华预防医学杂志

This year of 2019 is the 10th anniversary of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, and a series of paper on epidemiology, disease burden, vaccine usage and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) incidences, cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination, are forming an important topic of "influenza disease burden and vaccine policies" in this journal, which provide evidences and options for China's influenza prevention and control. We should continue to strengthen the operational researches on influenza prevention and control polices, increase the influenza vaccine coverage in high-risk groups, and improve the capacities of control and pandemic preparedness.

Cultura como central ou periférica na produção de conhecimento em educação física no Brasil sob a ótica de pesquisadores / Culture as a central or peripheral in the production of knowledge in physical education in Brazil under the view of researchers / Cultura como elemento central o periférico en la producción de conocimiento en educación física en Brasil desde el punto de vista de los investigadores

Resumo O presente artigo discute o papel da cultura na produção de conhecimento em educação física no Brasil e identifica como alguns pesquisadores o percebem na área e em sua própria produção teórica. Orientam essa investigação entrevistas com seis pesquisadores de diferentes universidades brasileiras e incursões teóricas pelo objeto de estudo. Os resultados mostram que a cultura é tanto entendida como "central" por alguns dos entrevistados quanto "nem central nem periférica" por outros, com compreensões bastante distintas, o que aponta para possibilidades peculiares e justificáveis de fazer a leitura do campo a partir das bases teórico-argumentativas que orientam a produção de cada pesquisador.

Abstract This paper discusses the role of culture in the production of knowledge in Physical Education in Brazil and identifies how some researchers perceive it in the field and in its own theoretical production. To this end, we conducted interviews with six researchers from different Brazilian universities, as well as theoretical incursions into the object of study. The results show that culture is both understood as "central" by some of the interviewee, as "neither central nor peripheral" by others, and its understanding is quite diverse, which points towards peculiar and justifiable perspectives about the field derived from the theoretical-argumentative basis that guide the production of each researcher.

Resumen En este artículo se analiza el papel de la cultura en la producción de conocimiento en educación física en Brasil y se identifica la manera en que algunos investigadores lo perciben en el área y en su propia producción teórica. Guía esta investigación la realización de entrevistas con seis investigadores de diferentes universidades brasileñas, así como sus incursiones teóricas en el tema. Los resultados muestran que algunos de los encuestados ven la cultura como un elemento «central¼ y otros, como un elemento «ni central ni periférico¼, con comprensiones muy distintas, lo que apunta a posibilidades únicas y justificables de realizar una lectura del campo a partir de las bases teórico-argumentativas que guían la producción de cada investigador.

Advances in basic researches of pharmacological approachs of retinitis pigmentosa / 中华实验眼科杂志

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary ocular disease that can cause blindness.There is no effective treatment currently.Although new technologies,such as gene therapy,stem cell therapy,photogenetics and retinal prostheses have flourished in recent years,they have not been widely applied in clinical practice in the near future.Classical pharmacological treatment is the only choice for now.Although the mechanism of RP is not completely clear,researches have found that,photoreceptors apoptosis is the final common pathway in RP.Excessive inflammatory response,oxidative stress can influence RP process and cause retina degradation,and lack of neurotrophic factors and phototransduction associated molecules may also lead to RP exacerbation.According to the common pathological pathways of RP,pharmacological treatment can play its role widely and universally in different genotypes of RP on the above stages.This review provides an overview of the current basic researches of drug treatment from different respects,including anti-photoreceptors apoptosis,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation and neuro protection.

Short-term clinical effects of selecting duodenal transection timing on laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy: a multicentre retrospective study (A report of 239 cases) / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the short-term clinical effects of selecting duodenal transection timing on laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG).Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 239 gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing LADG in the 5 medical centers between March 2016 and March 2018 were collected,including 104 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,45 in Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,35 in Quanzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,30 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College,25 in Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University.Of 239 patients undergoing LADG + D2 lymph node dissection,107 receiving duodenal transection and then lymph node dissection in the upper region of pancreas after lymph node dissection in the lower region of pylorus and 132 receiving lymph node dissection in the upper region of pancreas and then duodenal transection were respectively divided into anterior approach group and posterior approach group.Sixty-four,8,16,14 and 5 patients in the anterior approach group and 40,37,19,16 and 20 patients in the posterior group respectively came from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,Quanzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative situations;(2) postoperative complications;(3) stratified analyses of surgical and postoperative situations in patients with different TNM staging,body mass index (BMI) and maximum tumor dimension;(4) follow-up and survival.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative overall survival and tumor recurrence or metastasis up to April 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (-x)±s,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the independent-samples t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (Q),and comparison between groups was analyzed using the nonparametric test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Comparison of ordinal data was done by the rank-sum test.Results (1) Surgical and postoperative situations:all the patients underwent successful operation,without perioperative death.Number of lymph node dissection in the upper region of pylorus in the anterior and posterior approach groups were respectively 3.9±2.6 and 3.0±2.5,with a statistically significant difference between groups (t=2.778,P＜0.05).Cases with Billroth Ⅰ,Billroth Ⅱ,Billroth Ⅱ +Bruan and Roux-en-Y of digestive tract reconstruction,operation time,dissected times of lymph nodes in greater curvature of stomach,lower region of pylorus,upper region of pancreas and lesser curvature of stomach,cases with visible port vein,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of overall lymph node dissection,numbers of lymph node dissection in greater curvature of stomach,lower region of pylorus,upper region of pancreas and lesser curvature of stomach,time to postoperative anal exsufflation,time for postoperative fluid diet intake,time for postoperative semi-fluid diet intake,intraperitoneal drainage-tube removal time and duration of postoperative hospital stay were respectively 16,32,47,12,(233.0±41.0)minutes,(14.6±5.4)tninutes,(21.9±6.3)nminutes,(32.7±6.8) minutes,(7.4±2.9)minutes,74,(87±73)mL,35.0±10.0,8.5±4.1,4.8±4.2,13.3±5.2,4.3± 3.3,(4.1±2.6)days,(5.4±2.8) days,(7.9± 3.5) days,(8.9± 2.9) days,(11.7± 4.5) days in the anterior approach group and 17,47,61,7,(243.0±44.0) minutes,(15.7±5.2) minutes,(23.1±8.0) minutes,(34.2±7.1) minutes,(7.9±2.8)minutes,79,(93±57)mL,33.0±10.0,8.1±4.8,5.3±4.9,12.5±5.6,3.8±2.4,(3.8±3.3)days,(5.0±3.6)days,(7.5±4.0) days,(8.5±3.8)days,(11.3±5.7) days in the posterior approach group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =3.431,t =-1.836,-1.546,-1.324,-1.634,-1.228,x2=2.552,t=-0.684,1.630,0.797,-0.871,1.148,1.314,0.954,0.951,0.884,1.065,0.694,P＞0.05).(2) Postoperative complications:cases with overall complications,anastomotic leakage,anastomotic stenosis,anastomotic bleeding,pancreatic fistula,postoperative gastroparesis,intra-abdominal hemorrhage,incision infection,pneumonia,intra-abdominal infection,bacteremia,intestinal obstruction,endolymphatic leakage,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲa,Ⅲb and Ⅳa of postoperative complications were respectively 15,1,1,1,0,3,1,2,3,0,1,3,0,3,9,1,2,0 in the anterior approach group and 25,3,0,1,2,2,2,5,7,3,2,3,1,6,14,1,2,2 in the posterior approach group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (x2=1.027,0.643,0.022,0.479,0.161,0.765,0.921,0.161,0.063,Z=-1.055,P＞0.05).Patients in 2 groups with complications were cured by symptomatic treatment.(3) Stratified analyses of surgical and postoperative situations in patients with different TNM staging,BMI and maximum tumor dimension:operation time,dissected times of lymph nodes in upper region of pancreas,cases with visible port vein,number of overall lymph node dissection,numbers of lymph node dissection in upper region of pylorus and upper region of pancreas were respectively (236.0±41.0)minutes,(33.9±6.2) minutes,32,36.0±12.0,3.8±3.0,13.4±5.5 in patients of the anterior approach group with Ⅲ stage of TNM staging and (253.0± 45.0) minutes,(36.5 ±7.0) minutes,29,31.0±t9.0,2.5±2.0,11.4±4.6 in patients of the posterior approach group with Ⅲ stage of TNM staging,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =-1.988,-2.066,x2 =4.686,t =2.472,2.757,2.016,P＜0.05).Numbers of overall lymph node dissection and number of lymph node dissection in upper region of pylorus were respectively 37.0± 12.0,3.6±3.1 in patients of the anterior approach group with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 30.0±7.0,2.0± 1.3 in patients of the posterior approach group with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =2.211,2.205,P＜0.05).Volume of intraoperative blood loss and number of lymph node dissection in upper region of pylorus were respectively (80±45) mL,4.0±2.6 in patients of the anterior approach group with maximum tumor dimension ≥ 3.3 cm and (110±67)mL,2.8± 1.8 in patients of the posterior approach group with maximum tumor dimension ≥ 3.3 cm,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =-2.320,2.589,P ＜ 0.05).(4) Follow-up and survival:of 239 patients,202 were followed up for 2-24 months,with a median time of 12 months,including 89 in the anterior approach group and 113 in the posterior approach group.During the follow-up,cases with overall survival,tumor recurrence and metastasis were respectively 85,3,8 in the anterior approach group and 109,3,11 in the posterior approach group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (x2=0.032,0.089,0.119,P＞0.05).Conclusions Both of anterior approach and posterior approach are safe and feasible in LADG,with equivalent short-term efficacies.The anterior approach in LADG has an advantage of the lymph node dissection in the upper region of pylorus compared with posterior approach,and it also is better for patients with later tumor staging,higher BMI and bigger tumor.

Psychosocial research and practice: a re-view / Pesquisas e práticas psicossociais: uma re-vista / Investigaciones y prácticas psicosociales: una re-vista

Social Psychology is a rapidly developing area and it is fundamental to analyze how and through which paths its scientific production is taking shape. The objective of this article is to share conclusions of the research "Estado da Arte em Psicologia Social em Minas Gerais" ("The State of the Art in Social Psychology"), whose general objective was to map the production on Social Psychology in this Brazilian state at present, through the analysis of some discursive corpora, such as annals of events and specialized journals. The methodology consists in content analysis associated with a phenomenological reading, considering the subjectivity and comprehension capacity of the interpreter team. The review results of the semiannual journal "Pesquisas e Práticas Psicossociais" ("Psychosocial Research and Practices") from the Federal University of São João del-Rei 2007/2008 will be presented. The results set a parameter for reflection on the construction of the Social Psychology field, denoting its multiplicity.

A Psicologia Social é área em franco desenvolvimento e é fundamental analisar como e por quais caminhos a sua produção científica vai se configurando. O objetivo deste artigo é compartilhar algumas conclusões da pesquisa: "Estado da Arte em Psicologia Social em Minas Gerais", cujo objetivo geral foi mapear a produção em Psicologia Social (PS) no estado de Minas Gerais na atualidade, por meio de estudos de análise de alguns corpora discursivos específicos, como anais de eventos e revistas especializadas. A metodologia utilizada foi, basicamente, a análise de conteúdo, associada a uma leitura fenomenológica, considerando a subjetividade e a capacidade compreensiva da equipe de intérpretes. Serão apresentados os resultados da análise da revista semestral "Pesquisas e Práticas Psicossociais", da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), referentes às edições de 2007/2008. Os resultados obtidos proporcionam um parâmetro para a reflexão acerca da construção do campo da Psicologia Social, denotando sua multiplicidade.

La Psicología Social es área en franco desarrollo y es fundamental analizar cómo y por cuales caminos su producción científica va configurándose. El objetivo de este artículo es compartir conclusiones de la investigación: "Estado del Arte en Psicología Social en Minas Gerais", cuyo objetivo general fue mapear la producción actual en Psicología Social en el estado, por medio del análisis de corpora discursivos específicos, como anales de eventos y revistas especializadas. La metodología fue el análisis de contenido asociado a una lectura fenomenológica, considerando la subjetividad y capacidad comprensiva del equipo de intérpretes. Se presentarán los resultados del análisis de la revista semestral "Investigaciones y Prácticas Psicosociales" de la Universidad Federal de São João del Rey, referentes a las ediciones de 2007/2008. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, se plantea como un parámetro para la reflexión acerca de la construcción del campo de la Psicología Social, denotando su multiplicidad.

Recent highlights of Chinese medicine for advanced lung cancer / 中国结合医学杂志

Owing to its unique superiority in improving quality of life and prolonging survival time among advanced lung cancer patients, Chinese medicine (CM) has, in recent years, received increased attentions worldwide. We utilized a bibliometric statistical method based on MEDLINE/GoPubMed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current application status of CM in lung cancer, by including annual and accumulated publications, origin distribution of countries and journals, and keywords with a higher frequency score. Then the relevant clinical trials and mechanistic studies were systematically summarized within the field according to research types. We have raised potential problems and provided potentially useful reference information that could guide similar studies in the future. The basic experimental results are highly consistent with clinical trials, leading us to conclude that CM can offer better overall therapeutic benefits when used in combination with routine Western medicine for patients with advanced lung cancer.

Producción científica de los profesionales del Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial "Conrado Benítez García" / Scientific production of professionals from "Conrado Benítez García" Teaching Provincial Oncological Hospital

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y métrico en el Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial "Conrado Benítez García" de Santiago de Cuba, en el periodo 1996-2013, para determinar la producción científica de sus profesionales tanto en revistas nacionales como extranjeras. En la serie fueron identificados 98 artículos científicos, el año de mayor cantidad de publicaciones fue el 2006 y la revista MEDISAN resultó la fuente con número superior de artículos; asimismo, los profesionales de esta institución publicaron más como coautores (62,8 %), sobre todo en la revista médica de su provincia (MEDISAN), con predominio de aquellos en la categoría académica de licenciado (34,7 %), los que ostentaban la categoría docente de auxiliar (24,5 %) y los acreditados con el grado científico académico de máster (47,1 % como autores principales y 14,3 % como coautores). Cabe señalar que el sexo femenino sobresalió como el de mayor aporte de publicaciones científicas.

A descriptive, retrospective and metric study was carried out in "Conrado Benítez García" Teaching Provincial Oncological Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in the period 1996-2013, to determine the scientific production of its professionals either in national as foreign journals. In the series 98 scientific works were identified, the year of higher quantity of publications was 2006 and journal MEDISAN was the source with higher number of works; also, the professionals of this institution published more as co-authors (62,8%), mainly in the medical journal of their province (MEDISAN), with prevalence of those in the licentiate academic category (34,7%), those with the teaching category of assistant professor (24,5%) and those credited with the academic scientific degree of master (47,1% as main authors and 14,3% as co-authors). It is necessary to point out that the female sex was that of higher contribution to scientific publications.

Research status of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction and analyses of key technologies and core issues / 中草药

Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction is one of the ancient decoctions, which has thousands years of history and has been still used nowadays. It is widely used in the diseases which are caused by exuberant fire in clinicl. Sanhuang Tablets and Yiqing Granules which are derived from Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction have become standing drugs in Chinese families. This paper reviewed the research reports on Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction for recent 50 years, analyzed the researching characteristics and superiorities of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction, and found out the key links and core problems. The aim of this paper is to provide the references for the research of modernization and development of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction.

Management of crosswise research projects in tertiary referral hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

The proportion of external research projects has constantly increasing in tertiary hospitals in recent years.However,compared with the government funded projects,the importance of those external research have not been recognized by both researchers and managers,and leading to various problems in project management.This article elucidates the problems and countermeasures of external research project management in tertiary hospital,with an attempt to further improve the management system and promote the overall development of the hospital scientific research.

Natural science-social science multidisciplinary research in medical research and its research organization / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Medical research has entered the era of mega-science.The multidisciplinary collaboration has attracted great attention.besides studies on genes and the environment interaction,multidisciplinary research between natural sciences has received widespread recognition.However muhidisciplinary researches on the interaction between the gene and social factors or behavioral factors on health science deserve more emphasis.This article described development of multidisciplinary research and its features;analyzed importants of conducting multidisciplinary research between natural and social disciplines,and finally provided suggestions on research organization reform in order to promote the multidisciplinary research.

Thought and Approaches for Hospital Pharmacy Researches Based on the Purpose of Translational Medi-cine / 中国药师

Objective:To investigate research topics and management methods for hospital pharmacy in order to promote the devel -opment of hospital pharmacy researches .Methods:The basic principles , main research fields , strategies and approaches of topic se-lection in hospital pharmacy , as well as the main points of research management were discussed .Results:The main research fields of hospital pharmacy included experimental studies and soft science researches .The principles of selected topics should follow practicabil-ity, scientificity, innovation, feasibility and effectiveness , and the topics should set off from the thinking path of pharmacy , be for the purpose of translational medicine and be based on the practical problems of clinical drug use .The quality evaluation of generic drugs , druggability research and so on could take advantage of close to clinics of hospital pharmacy , which may be the focus aspects .It is nec-essary to establish a continuous improvement of performance inspection system , improve the construction of echelon personnel and drive mechanism, and strengthen the scientific research cooperation inside and outside the team in hospital pharmacy researches .Conclu-sion:The scientific researches on hospital pharmacy are very important to develop pharmacy , which are worthy of further exploration .

Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Adaptação e validação das versões de 22 e de 13 itens em uma amostra de brasileiros com doenças crônicas / Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Adaptation and validation of the versions of 22 and 13 items in a sample of Brazilian patients with chronic diseases

A participação ativa na autogestão da saúde individual tem sido associada com resultados positivos tanto para o indivíduo como para as instituições de saúde. O instrumento Patient Activation Measure (PAM) tem sido utilizado para mensurar a ativação, constructo que engloba o conhecimento, a habilidades e a confiança do indivíduo para realizar ativamente comportamentos saudáveis. Este estudo metodológico teve como objetivos adaptar culturalmente as versões PAM13 e PAM22 e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas das versões adaptadas em uma amostra de indivíduos com doenças crônicas. O processo de adaptação cultural ocorreu de acordo com recomendações da literatura: tradução, retrotradução e conciliação das versões traduzidas, avaliação por um comitê de juízes, avaliação semântica dos itens, obtenção das versões adaptadas e avaliação psicométrica. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e dezembro de 2014, no Ambulatório Central do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Participaram do estudo 513 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de doenças crônicas há pelo menos seis meses, com idade entre 18 e 80 anos e que estavam em acompanhamento clínico regular no ambulatório. O PAM é respondido em uma escala ordinal com cinco pontos, que varia de discordo totalmente (1 ponto) até concordo totalmente (4 pontos), além da opção não se aplica (0 pontos). O intervalo possível do PAM22 é de 22 a 88 pontos e do PAM13 de 13 a 52 pontos. Os valores do escore bruto obtidos devem ser convertidos para uma pontuação de ativação, que varia de 0 a 100 pontos. Maiores pontuações indicam maior ativação. A validade de constructo do PAM foi avaliada pelas correlações entre as medidas de ativação e autoestima (Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg), ansiedade e depressão (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) e estado de saúde percebido (Escala Visual analógica); pela técnica de grupos conhecidos (sexo, idade, renda, escolaridade, tempo de diagnóstico e número de comorbidades) e sua dimensionalidade, pela variante da análise fatorial confirmatória que utiliza a análise dos caminhos, denominada de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE). A confiabilidade foi avaliada pela consistência interna e pela confiabilidade teste-reteste, num intervalo de tempo de 15 dias. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. A maioria dos participantes foi do sexo feminino (62,0%), a média de idade foi 49,8 anos (DP=14,57; variação 18-80 anos). O tempo médio de ensino formal foi de oito anos (DP=4; variação 0-20 anos). Os participantes apresentaram diversificadas doenças crônicas e 75% haviam sido diagnosticados há mais de dois anos. O escore de ativação médio do PAM22 foi de 60,2 (DP=12,7) e do PAM13 foi de 63,0 (DP=15,9). Foi verificado efeito teto em todos os itens do PAM13 e PAM22. As propriedades psicométricas de validade e confiabilidade do PAM de 13 itens (PAM13) e de 22 itens (PAM22) foram consideradas adequadas. A consistência interna foi de ?= 0,83 para o PAM13 e de ?=0,86 para o PAM22. A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi de fraca a moderada magnitude para ambos os instrumentos (p<0,05). A correlação entre os escores das duas versões do PAM com as medidas de autoestima, de ansiedade e depressão e do estado de saúde percebido foram de magnitude fraca a moderada (p<0,05). No que se refere aos grupos conhecidos, nenhuma das variáveis apresentou diferença estatística, no entanto a medida de ativação correlacionou com a escolaridade e com o numero de comorbidades (p<0,05). A modelagem de equações estruturais indicou a necessidade de exclusão de alguns itens, para que em as versões adaptadas do PAM se ajustassem ao modelo da unidimensionalidade. Concluímos que as versões brasileiras PAM13 e PAM22 apresentaram adequadas e aceitáveis propriedades psicométricas para medir a ativação de pacientes brasileiros com doenças crônicas. Portanto, as versões adaptadas do PAM podem ser utilizadas na prática clínica e em pesquisas de intervenção em pacientes com doenças crônicas

The active participation in the individual health self-management has been associated with positive outcomes as for the individual as for the health institutions. The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) instrument has been used for measuring the activation, a construct which includes the knowledge, skills and confidence of the individual to actively accomplish healthy behaviors. This methodological study aimed adapting culturally the PAM13 and PAM22 versions and evaluating the psychometric properties of the adapted versions in a sample of subjects with chronic diseases. The cultural adaptation process occurred according to literature recommendations: translation, back translation and conciliation of translated versions, an evaluation by a committee of judges, a semantics evaluation of the items, the obtainment of the adapted versions of the PAM and psychometric assessment. The data were collected between June and December of 2014, in the Central Ambulatory of Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The study included 513 subjects of both genders, with a diagnosis of chronic diseases for at least six months, with ages between 18 and 80 years old and that had regular medical monitoring in the ambulatory. The PAM is answered in an ordinal scale with five points, ranging from disagree strongly (1 point) to agree strongly (4 points) and the option does not apply (0 points).The possible range in the PAM22 is 22 to 88 points and of PAM13 is 13 to 52 points. The values obtained raw score must be converted to an activation score, ranging from 0 to 100 points. High scores indicate greater activation. The construct validity of the PAM was evaluated by the correlations between by activation measures and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and perceived health status (Analogical Visual Scale); by the known groups techniques (sex, age, income, education, time of diagnosis and number of comorbidities) and its dimensionality, by the confirmatory factorial analysis variation which uses the paths analysis, called Structural Modeling Equations (SEM). The reliability was assessed through the internal consistency and through the test-retest reliability, in a time of 15 day interval. The significance level adopted was of 0.05. The majority of the subjects were female (62.0%), the age average was 49.8 years old (DP=14.57; variation 18-80 years). The study average was eight years (DP=4; variation 0-20 years). The participants presented diverse chronic diseases and 75% had been diagnosed for more than two years. The average activation score of PAM22 was of 60.2 (DP=12.7) and of PAM13 was of 63.0 (DP=15.9). The ceiling effect was verified in all items of PAM13 and PAM22. The psychometric properties of validity and reliability of PAM of 13 items (PAM13) and of 22 items (PAM22) were considered adequate. The internal consistency was of ?= 0.83 to PAM13 and of ?= 0.86 to PAM22. The test-retest reliability was from weak to moderate magnitudes for both instruments (p<0.05). The correlation between the scores of the Brazilian versions of the PAM with the measures of self steem, anxiety and depression and the perceived health status was the weak and moderate magnitudes (p<0.05). Concerning known groups validity, none of the variables presented statistics difference, however the activation measure correlated to the education and the number of comorbidities (p<0.05). The structural equations modeling indicated the exclusion need of some items, so that in adapted PAM versions adjusted themselves to the one- dimensionality model. We conclude that the Brazilian versions of PAM13-B and PAM22-B presented adequate and acceptable psychometric properties to measure the activation of Brazilian patients with chronic diseases. Therefore, the adapted versions of PAM can be used in clinical practice and intervention studies in patients with chronic diseases

Mapping knowledge domain of counseling and psychotherapy researches in China / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To draw a mapping knowledge domains of research status and trend in counseling and psychotherapy field from 2001 to 2014 by Bicomb software.Methods:CNKI,Wan Fang,VIP were searched and re-trieval time ranged from January 1,2001 to December 31,2014.Bicomb and SPSS20.0 software were applied to conduct co-word matrix,similarity matrix and multidimensional scaling.Results:Setting 30 and more as the fre-quency standard,60 high frequency keywords were abstracted after analyzing 6546 articles.Cluster analysis showed that studies about counseling and psychotherapy mainly focus on seven categories including the effectiveness of counseling and psychotherapy,children and adolescents'mental health and counseling,the localization of counseling and psychotherapy,the process of counseling and psychotherapy,counseling and treatment principles,relationships of psychotherapy and ideological work in colleges as well as theories and practices in counseling and psychotherapy field.The mapping knowledge domain showed that four aspects of high frequency keywords in counseling and psy-chotherapy field basically correspond to the 7 categories made by cluster analysis.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates that psychological counseling and treatment development of our country is still in the stage of investi-gating effect.Future researches should attach importance to the integration research of psychological counseling and ideological and political education in colleges,the rise and development of internet psychological counseling and the development of children and adolescent mental health.

A Scrap from the Life and Works of Ma’sumi.

Abu Mahfuz Al-Karim Ma’sumi (1913-2009) spent his entire life in the service of Arabic language and literature. He got basic education at his birth place Bihar, after that he travelled to Dhaka, Kolkata and other places seeking knowledge and got modern as well as traditional Islamic knowledge. His great scholarship in Arabic and Islamic literature quite clearly reflects in his writings: books, articles, research papers etc. Ma’sumi’s voluminous book Buhuth Wa Tanbihat, is the collection of all his writings. The book has been published in Beirut in two volumes in 2001, under the supervision of Dr.Ajmal Ayyub Al-Islahi. The book under discussion deals with Arabic language, Literature, Islamic theology, researches, analysis and commentaries. The life and works of Ma’sumi have, of late, emerged as an important subject for research. And, in fact a number of writers and researchers in India and abroad have published articles and research papers on the life and works of this great personality. But so far my knowledge is concerned; no one has done any research work for any degree in India. Hence, this proposed research will be first of its kind. During the next few years all possible attempts will be made to prepare a complete and comprehensive work on Ma’sumi’s life and works. An attempt to undertake a research is required to bring out the contribution of Ma’sumi to Arabic literature. I think it will benefit the researchers in general and the researchers in Arabic language and literature in particular. This research work will also encourage other researchers to do their researches on some other aspect of Abu Mahfuz’s prolific work Buhuth Wa Tanbihat.

Animal's feeding cost accounting of the scientific researches in hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Due to lack of cost accounting,the scientific researches charge differently of experimental animals in every hospital.Animals feeding costs include two parts,direct costs and indirect costs.Through gathering statistics of different kinds of animals and cumulative feeding amounts of different researches,the article calculates the indirect costs of each research,this approach can make up deficiencies for the current management method and improve hospital management level.

¿Qué y quiénes publican en la revista EDUMECENTRO? / What and who publish in EDUMECENTRO Journal?

Los resultados del estudio bibliométrico que se presentan resumen algunas características asociadas con el tipo de contenido publicado en la revista EDUMECENTRO durante sus cuatro años de vida divulgativa. Se indaga sobre cifras y tipologías de artículos por edición, temáticas más abordadas, palabras clave de mayor empleo, y autores más citados. Se explora además la procedencia geográfica de los autores (municipios y provincias), y sus afiliaciones institucionales, asimismo se precisan los autores y coautores que más han publicado en este espacio del quehacer investigativo educacional. Se realiza una breve caracterización de la revista, los elementos que distinguen el contenido de sus publicaciones, los autores y coautores de sus artículos, y constituye una constancia documental que refleja el quehacer científico educacional de qué y quiénes han publicado en ella.

The results of the bibliometric study which is presented in this work summarize some of the characteristics associated to the type of contents published in Edumecentro Journal in its four years of work. It searches about figures and typology of articles per edition, topics covered, most frequent key words and the most quoted authors. It also explores about the geographical areas of the authors (provinces, municipalities), and institutions, as well as the authors and coauthors with the greatest number of works in the researching educational field. A brief characterization of the journal is presented comprising the distinctive elements of the issues, authors and coauthors of these articles. This constitutes a vivid documental reference which reflects the scientific-educational work carried out in this territory and what and those who have published in this journal.

Estudo piloto da avaliação do grau de compreensão do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido por pacientes partícipes em pesquisas oncológicas / Evaluation of understanding grade of the informed consent by subjects in oncology research: a pilot study

Introdução: Com o avanço da tecnologia na área da saúde, a pesquisa em seres humanos cresce a cada dia. O Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) é um documento que deve ser assinado obrigatoriamente por pacientes que aceitam participar de algum protocolo de pesquisa clínica. A sua compreensão é de extrema importância, nele devem estar contidas todas as informações sobre a pesquisa. Objetivos: Neste estudo avaliamos o grau de compreensão do TCLE pelos pacientes partícipes em pesquisas oncológicas. Avaliamos também os principais pontos e causas da não compreensão do TCLE e a compreensão do termo ?placebo?. Métodos: De janeiro até junho de 2012, todos os pacientes que vieram ao Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Hematologia e Oncologia (CEPHO) assinar um TCLE, para qualquer estudo em andamento, foram convidados a preencher dois questionários, sendo o primeiro referente a informações pessoais, motivos para participação na pesquisa e procedimentos de aplicação do TCLE e o segundo no qual o paciente teria que assinalar os itens que encontrou no TCLE. Dentre eles haviam itens falsos que foram usados como controle. Resultados: Um total de 23 pacientes participaram da pesquisa, o grau de compreensão dos pacientes foi de 72,4%, os assuntos menos entendidos foram as alternativas de tratamento para a doença e o termo ?placebo?. Conclusão: A compreensão do TCLE pelos pacientes foi considerada boa, mesmo com o fato de os TCLEs incluírem informações técnicas. Pelos achados deste trabalho se sugere que há necessidade de uma abordagem mais cuidadosa com algumas informações específicas, tais como o termo ?placebo? e as alternativas terapêuticas para a patologia em questão.