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ABSTRACT Objective In 2017 the number of refugees around the world reached 25.4 million. These people make up one of the most vulnerable populations globally. This study aims to understand the strategies refugees used to cope with the impact on their mental health by the difficult pre- and post-resettlement circumstances they encountered. Methods A systematic review of articles reporting case studies concerning adult refugees' experiences in the hosting country. The electronic databases searched were: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible manuscripts were examined through a narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-two articles fitted the inclusion criteria and four main themes were highlighted: reasons for fleeing; the impact of negative experiences on mental health; supportive experiences and coping strategies; and experiences of mental health treatment. Conclusions Refugees present a significant impact on mental health due to pre- and post-migration experiences. The approach offered to this group and reported as the most effective to deal with such an impact was the multidimensional approach that, besides caring for the psychic aspects, contemplated the cultural context of each one, assisted in housing, employment, financial aid, support with learning the new language and social activities.
RESUMO Objetivo Refugiados fazem parte de uma das populações mais vulneráveis do mundo, que em 2017 alcançou a cifra de 25,4 milhões de pessoas nessa condição. Este estudo visa compreender as estratégias utilizadas por eles para lidar com o impacto na saúde mental sofrido devido às circunstâncias pré e pós-reassentamento pelas quais perpassam. Métodos Revisão sistemática de artigos apresentando estudos de caso sobre experiências de refugiados adultos no país anfitrião. Foram pesquisados os seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus e Web of Science. Os manuscritos elegíveis foram examinados por meio de síntese narrativa. Resultados Vinte e dois artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e quatro temas principais foram destacados: razões para abandonar o país de origem; o impacto de experiências negativas na saúde mental; experiências de apoio e estratégias de enfrentamento; e experiências de tratamento em saúde mental. Conclusões Refugiados sofrem um significativo impacto na saúde mental devido às experiências pré e pós-saída do país de origem. A abordagem ofertada a esse grupo e relatada como mais eficaz para lidar com tal impacto foi a multidimensional, que, além dos cuidados aos aspectos psíquicos, contemplou o contexto cultural de cada um e auxiliou em questões de moradia, emprego, ajuda financeira, apoio ao aprendizado da nova língua e atividades sociais.
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Resumen El presente artículo analiza las técnicas y prácticas de la "gestión social" en la construcción de proyectos hidroeléctricos, como elementos de un dispositivo de gobierno para fijar las condiciones favorables a la expansión del sector. Este es un tipo de dispositivo compuesto por formas de visibilidad, enunciación, poder y subjetividad. La información empírica fue recopilada en 2014 mediante trabajo etnográfico con las poblaciones impactadas por el proyecto Hidroeléctrico Porce III, construido en Antioquia-Colombia en la década de 2000. Este abordaje permitió la desnaturalización de esas técnicas y prácticas, para situarlas en una lógica más amplia de expansión del capital, donde la autogestión de los afectados juega un papel central.
Abstract This article analyzes the techniques and practices of "social management" in the construction of hydroelectric projects, which is a governmental mechanism to set the favorable conditions concerning the expansion of the sector. This is a type of mechanism made up visibility, declaration, power, and subjectivity. The empirical data was collected in 2014, through ethnographic work with the populations impacted by the Porce III Hydroelectric Power Station Project, which was built in Antioquia, Colombia, in the decade of the 2000s. This approach let the denaturalization of those techniques and practices, in order for them to be located in a wider logic of capital growth, where self- management of those affected plays a key role.
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RESUMO Discutiremos neste artigo a relação entre juventude e território, contrapondo o espaço ocupado ao ideal de cidade e subjetividade contido nas remoções urbanas. O artigo é desdobramento da pesquisa "Territórios em movimento: narrativas de jovens sobre viver, habitar, resistir", realizada no mestrado acadêmico do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). A pesquisa acompanhou um projeto de extensão universitária realizado em parceria com equipe de atenção primária em saúde de uma comunidade de Porto Alegre em processo de remoção e reassentamento associado às reformas para sediar a Copa do Mundo de 2014. Utilizando-se de narrativas, a pesquisa problematizou a influência das experiências de jovens com os territórios de moradia em sua subjetivação. Os principais orientadores metodológicos foram o Método da Montagem, Narração, Flânerie, de Walter Benjamin. Solidariedade, vizinhança, violência, meio ambiente, rede intersetorial, relação com a cidade foram temas que emergiram.(AU)
ABSTRACT This article discusses the importance of the territory in the juvenile experiences, especially in urban occupations and in resettlement process, in counterpoint to the ideal of the city and subjectivity in the removals. Results of the research "Moving territories: youth narratives about living, reside, resist", held in Post Graduate Program in Social Psychology (Master) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). This study gathered data from a university extension project in partnership with a Primary Care Health Service in a community in an urban resettlement process associated to the 2014 World Cup in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants narrated their experiences with their territories and the research questioned the influences of these experiences in their subjectivity. The main methodological references are the Literaly Montage method, Narration, Flânerie, of Walter Benjamin. Solidarity, neighborhood, violence, environment, intersectional network, interaction between them and their city were themes that emerged.(AU)
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Humans , Adolescent , Adolescent , Housing , Urban Area , UrbanizationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Refugees resettled in the US may be at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about CVD-related issues among Karen refugees who have migrated to the US from the Thai-Myanmar border. The purpose of this study was to examine CVD-related health beliefs and lifestyle issues among Karen refugees resettled in the US. METHODS: Karen refugees resettled in the US from the Thai-Myanmar border (n=195) participated in a survey study on health beliefs related to CVD, salt intake, physical activity (PA), and smoking in the fall of 2016. RESULTS: A high-salt diet, physical inactivity, and smoking were major lifestyle problems. Participants who adhered to a low-salt diet considered themselves to be susceptible to CVD. Most participants did not engage in regular PA. Regular PA was associated with less perceived susceptibility to CVD and greater perceived benefits of a healthy lifestyle for decreasing the likelihood of CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Each refugee population may require individualized strategies to promote PA and a healthy diet. Future studies should develop health education programs that are specifically designed for Karen refugees and evaluate such programs. In addition to health education programs on healthy lifestyle choices, tobacco cessation programs seem to be necessary for Karen refugees. At the same time, it is important to foster strategies to increase the utilization of preventive care among this population by promoting free or reduced-fee resources in the community to further promote their health.
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Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diet , Diet, Sodium-Restricted , Health Education , Life Style , Motor Activity , Refugees , Smoke , Smoking , Tobacco Use Cessation , United StatesABSTRACT
Background: Slum‑resettlement communities are increasingly adopting urban lifestyles. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify correlates of hypertension among residents aged 20–59 years of a slum‑resettlement colony. Materials and Methods: A community‑based cross‑sectional study was done from 2010 to 2012 in NandNagri, a slum‑resettlement area in east Delhi. 310 participants aged 20–59 years were enrolled through multistage systematic random sampling. Each study subject was interviewed and examined for raised blood pressure; data on risk factors including smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and salt consumption were also collected. Data were analysed by use of univariate and multivariate regression. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 17.4% and 35% participants were prehypertensive. On multiple logistic regression, age 40–49 years (P = 0.020) and 50–59 years (P = 0.012), clerical/professional occupation (P = 0.004), abnormal waist circumference (≥90 cm in males and ≥ 80 cm in females; P = 0.001), positive family history of hypertension in both parents (P = 0.013) and above‑average daily salt intake (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusions: These findings indicate that hypertension is a significant health problem in the study population. Many study participants diagnosed with prehypertension are at risk of developing hypertension, thus immediate public‑health interventions are indicated.
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The health assessment of refugees is an essential component of the refugee resettlement process from both humanitarian and public health perspectives. In 2010, Japan became the first country in Asia to initiate a third country resettlement program and the number of refugees accepted to Japan may increase in the future. In this article, we provide an overview of the US refugee admission program with an emphasis on the overseas and domestic medical management to serve as useful information for development of better medical management system for Japan-bound refugees.<BR>Refugees are screened and admitted to the US through the US Refugee Resettlement Program which is an interagency effort involving international organizations such as the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and International Organization for Migration, US governmental, and non-governmental agencies. In pre-departure medical screening, refugees are screened for communicable diseases of public health significance such as active tuberculosis and untreated sexually transmitted diseases, physical or mental disorders with associated harmful behaviors, and drug abuse and addiction using technical instructions provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sputum culture and sensitivity tests were added to the tuberculosis screening protocol in 2007 and the number of tuberculosis cases among refugees has been decreasing. Domestic medical health assessment is recommended within 90 days after arrival. Recommendations for the initial medical screening are tailored based on country of origin and receipt of presumptive treatment. Sponsoring volunteer agencies and the provision of medical interpretation service play important roles in facilitating medical visits for refugees.<BR>While the US medical screening system has many strengths including the presence of well-developed screening guidelines and medical interpretation systems, areas of improvement include communication across the continuum of care, standardization of medical screening processes across states, and screening and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Este artigo comparativo focaliza as políticas públicas adotadas para as favelas das duas maiores metrópoles indianas, Delhi, a capital política, e Mumbai, o principal centro econômico. Tentaremos entender as convergências e divergências existentes nas políticas das favelas aplicadas no período pós-independência, nas políticas de melhoria dos serviços básicos, de reassentamento e de urbanização. Como será mostrado, a explicação das principais diferenças tem como base as interações distintas de atores, públicos, privados e da sociedade civil, arraigadas em contextos urbanos específicos.
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Urban Population/trends , India , Poverty Areas , Public Policy , UrbanizationABSTRACT
We developed a primary eye care training programme for community-based leprosy control workers. The 20-hour training emphasized the detection and management of lagophthalmos(and its complications) and chronic iridocyclitis. Following training leprosy patients in four resettlement villages were examined independently by the health workers and ophthalmologist. The findings reveal good agreement between most signs(lagophthalmos, acute iridocyclitis, and chronic iridocyclitis). Based on these result, we recommend excluding the detection of abnormal blink pattern from future training programmes and including the detection of posterior synechia.
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Humans , Iridocyclitis , LeprosyABSTRACT
Objective To understand the dynamic changes of snail situation and wild faeces pollution in marshlands in the pilot areas after leveling embankment for flood running and moving people from outside embankment to town for providing the scientific basis of schistosomiasis control in the same type areas. Methods Shishou City,Jiangxia District,Tuanfeng County and Huangzhou District were selected as the pilot areas. Snails were surveyed by the systematic and environmental sampling. Wild faeces were also investigated. The data were processed by Excel. Results Snail areas in Huangzhou Yeluzhou increased by 12.71%,in the others it did not change. For the snail density,there was a decline trend in Jiangxia Sanjiaozhou from 1999 to 2001,but it increased in 2002 obviously;in Huangzhou Yeluzhou it decreased in 2000,but increased again from 2001 to 2002;in Tuanfeng Luohuozhou it was fluctuation;it did not change in Shishou Fuxingzhou. Except Shishou City,the other three sites had infected snails distribution. The densities of wild faeces in the pilot areas were 1.14～15.60/hm~2. The positive rates of wild faeces were 1.35%～37.21%. Conclusion The marshlands in pilot areas were seriously polluted by wild faeces. There seemed to be an increase trend in the snail density. Snail areas did not change significantly in the last few years. However,the high transmission areas will expand. So the snail survey and snail control should be strengthened.
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0.05),but the former was statistically higher than the latter from 2003-2005. Conclusions There is no obvious variation of the schistosome epidemicity at Jiangxin after resettlement but remaining arable land, while the epidemicity of Jiangzhou, after resettlement and converting cultivated land to forest or grassland, declines in some degree.