Outcome prediction for critical care patients with respiratory neoplasms using a multilayer perceptron neural network

ABSTRACT Objective: The variation in mortality rates of intensive care unit oncological patients may imply that clinical characteristics and prognoses are very different between specific subsets of patients with cancer. The specific characteristics of patients with cancer have not been included as risk factors in the established severity-of-illness scoring systems and comorbidity scores, showing limitations in predicting mortality risk. This study aimed to devise a predictive tool for in-hospital mortality for adult patients with a respiratory neoplasm admitted to the intensive care unit, using an artificial neural network. Methods: A total of 1,221 stays in the intensive care unit from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center were studied. The primary endpoint was the all-cause in-hospital mortality prediction. An artificial neural network was developed and compared with six severity-of-illness scores and one comorbidity score. Model building was based on important predictors of lung cancer mortality, such as several laboratory parameters, demographic parameters, organ-supporting treatments, and other clinical information. Discrimination and calibration were assessed. Results: The AUROC for the multilayer perceptron was 0.885, while it was <0.74 for the conventional systems. The AUPRC for the multilayer perceptron was 0.731, whereas it was ≤0.482 for the conventional systems. The superiority of multilayer perceptron was statistically significant for all pairwise AUROC and AUPRC comparisons. The Brier Score was better for the multilayer perceptron (0.109) than for OASIS (0.148), SAPS III (0.163), and SAPS II (0.154). Conclusion: Discrimination was excellent for multilayer perceptron, which may be a valuable tool for assessing critically ill patients with lung cancer.

Influência da densidade de tráfego veicular na internação por câncer do aparelho respiratório no Município de São Paulo, Brasil / Influence of vehicular traffic density on hospital admissions due to respiratory tract cancer in the city of São Paulo, Brazil / Influencia de la densidad de tráfico vehicular en el internamiento por cáncer del aparato respiratorio en el Municipio de São Paulo, Brasil

A poluição relacionada ao tráfego é um grande problema nos centros urbanos, e uma grande parcela da população fica vulnerável aos seus efeitos à saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar potencial associação entre as internações hospitalares por câncer do aparelho respiratório com a densidade de tráfego veicular no Município de São Paulo, Brasil. É um estudo ecológico com dados de internações hospitalares por câncer dos sistemas público (Autorização de Internação Hospitalar - AIH) e particular (Comunicação de Internação Hospitalar - CIH), de 2004 a 2006, geocodificados por endereço de residência do indivíduo. Mediante um modelo ecológico de Besag-York-Mollié foi avaliada inicialmente a relação entre o número de casos de internação por câncer do aparelho respiratório em cada área de ponderação e as covariáveis padronizadas: densidade de tráfego e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) como indicador de status socioeconômico. Sequencialmente, com um modelo clássico de Poisson, procedeu-se uma avaliação do risco associado às categorias crescentes de densidade de tráfego. O modelo de Besag-York-Mollié estimou um RR = 1,09 (IC95%: 1,02-1,15) e RR = 1,19 (IC95%: 1,10-1,29) de internação por câncer do aparelho respiratório, para cada aumento de um desvio padrão da densidade de tráfego e IDHM, respectivamente. Foi também evidenciado pelo modelo de Poisson um claro gradiente de exposição-resposta para internação por câncer respiratório (IRR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,07-1,15, para cada dez unidades de acréscimo da densidade de tráfego). Este trabalho sugere que há associação entre residir em áreas com alta densidade de tráfego e internação por câncer do aparelho respiratório no Município de São Paulo.

Pollution related to traffic is a major problem in urban centers and a large portion of the population is vulnerable to its health effects. This study sought to identify a potential association between hospital admissions due to respiratory tract cancer and vehicular traffic density in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is an ecological study of the public (Hospital Inpatient Authorization - AIH, in Portuguese) and private (Hospital Inpatient Communication - CIH, in Portuguese) health care systems, from 2004 to 2006, geocoded by individuals' residential addresses. Using a Besag-York-Mollié ecological model, we initially evaluated the relationship between number of cases of hospital admission due to respiratory tract cancer in each weighting area and the standardized co-variables: traffic density and Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) as indicator of socioeconomic status. Using a classic Poisson model, we then evaluated the risk associated with growing traffic density categories. The Besag-York-Mollié model estimated a RR = 1.09 (95%CI: 1.02-1.15) and RR = 1.19 (95%CI: 1.10-1.29) of admission due to respiratory tract cancer for each increase of one standard deviation of traffic and MHDI, respectively. The Poisson model also showed a clear exposure-response gradient for admission due to respiratory tract cancer (IRR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.07-1.15, for each 10 units of added traffic density). This study suggests that there is an association between residing in areas with high traffic density and hospital admissions due to respiratory tract cancer in the city of São Paulo.

La contaminación relacionada con el tráfico es un gran problema en los centros urbanos, y una gran parte de la población es vulnerable a sus efectos para la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la potencial asociación entre los internamientos hospitalarios por cáncer del aparato respiratorio con la densidad del tráfico vehicular en el Municipio de São Paulo, Brasil. Es un estudio ecológico con datos de internamientos hospitalarios por cáncer de los sistemas público (Autorización de Internación Hospitalaria - AIH) y particular (Comunicación de Internación Hospitalaria - CIH), de 2004 a 2006, geocodificados por dirección de residencia del individuo. Mediante el modelo ecológico de Besag-York-Mollié se evaluó inicialmente la relación entre el número de casos de internamiento por cáncer del aparato respiratorio en cada área de ponderación y covariables estandarizadas: densidad de tráfico e Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal (IDHM), como indicador de estatus socioeconómico. Secuencialmente, con un modelo clásico de Poisson, se procedió a una evaluación del riesgo asociado a las categorías crecientes de densidad de tráfico. El modelo de Besag-York-Mollié estimó un RR = 1,09 (IC95%: 1,02-1,15) y RR = 1,19 (IC95%: 1,10-1,29) de internamiento por cáncer del aparato respiratorio, para cada aumento de un desvío estándar de la densidad de tráfico e IDHM, respectivamente. Se evidenció también, a través del modelo de Poisson, un claro gradiente de exposición-respuesta para el internamiento por cáncer respiratorio (IRR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,07-1,15, para cada 10 unidades de incremento de la densidad de tráfico). Este trabajo sugiere que existe una asociación entre residir en áreas con alta densidad de tráfico y el internamiento por cáncer del aparato respiratorio en el Municipio de São Paulo.

Comportamiento de la papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente en una población colombiana / Behavior of the recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a colombian population

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento, características clínicas y demográficas de la papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente en nuestra población durante 2006-2012. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de historias clínicas en 3 centros hospitalarios de Bogotá, con diagnóstico de papiloma entre 2006 y 2012. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes entre 2 meses a 83 años; el 78% hombres. 18 niños (PJ) (10 niños: 55,6%, 8 niñas: 44.4%) con edad de 8,9+/-4,6 años; 82 adultos (PA) (68 hombres: 82,9%, 14 mujeres: 17,1%) con edad de 45,6+/-15,9 años. La edad de diagnóstico en el grupo juvenil fue 6,01+/- 4,6 años siendo el menor de 2 meses de vida y en el grupo adulto de 40,9+/-17,2 años. 7% (2 niños, 5 adultos) requirieron más de 10 intervenciones considerándose como formas de presentación agresiva. El compromiso bilateral de las cuerdas vocales fue el más frecuente (65%), seguido por lesiones en la comisura anterior (52%) y comisura posterior (25%). 3% requirieron traqueostomía; 8% tuvieron diseminación extralaríngea; 25% alguna forma de estenosis laríngea Todos presentaron compromiso de la comisura anterior. 21% presentaron una lesión premaligna/maligna relacionada con PRR. Al momento del corte del estudio no se registraron paciente sin enfermedad ni casos fatales. Conclusiones: La PRR tiene un comportamiento y diseminación impredecibles, su sospecha es vital para su diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos; se debe considerar el riesgo de estenosis por la enfermedad o por el tratamiento. La asociación entre papiloma y lesión premaligna/ maligna fue mayor que la documentada en la literatura.

Objective: To describe the behavior, clinical and demographic characteristics of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in our population during 2006 to 2012. Methods: An observational descriptive study was performed based on review of medical records in 3 hospitals in Bogotá with diagnosis of papilloma confirmed by histology between 2006 and 2012. Results: We included 100 patients aged from 2 months to 83 years; 78% men. 18 children (PJ) (10 children: 55.6%, 8 girls: 44.4%) aged 4.6+/-8.9 years old. 82 adults (PA) (68 men: 82.9%, 14 women: 17.1%) aged 15.9 +/- 45.6 years old. The age of diagnosis in the youth group was 6.01 +/- 4.6, being the youngest a child 2 months old and in the adult group 40.9 +/- 17.2 years old. 7% (2 children, 5 adults) required more than 10 interventions which was considered as aggressive forms of presentation. Bilateral involvement of the vocal cords was the most frequent (65%), followed by injuries of the anterior commissure (52%) and posterior commissure (25%). 3% required tracheostomy; 8% had extralaryngeal dissemination; 25% had some type of laryngeal stenosis. Everybody had involvement of the anterior commissure. 21% had a premalignant / malignant lesion related to RRP. At the ending of the study there were no patients without this disease and any fatality was reported. Conclusions: RRP has an unpredictable behavior, to suspect this disease is vital for diagnosis and treatment early; the risk of stenosis because of the disease or treatment should be considered. The association between papilloma and premalignant / malignant lesion was higher than documented in the literature.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: CT findings / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the CT findings of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the tracheobronchial tree and improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods The CT images, histopathological and clinical data in 24 patients with pathologically proved MEC of the tracheobroncbial tree were retrospectively analyzed. Results The clinical symptoms included cough, sputum, fever, wheezing, chest pain and hemoptysis. The patient was proved to be low-grade (n=19) and high-grade (n=5) MEC histopathologically. One lesion was located in trachea, 6 in main bronchus, 12 in lobar bronchus and 5 in segmental, subsegmental and distal bronchus. The tumor presented as no-invasive endotracheobronchial well-defined round-like nodule (n=13, locating in lobar and higher bronchus) and columnar sharp (n=3, locating in main bronchus), or intra-and-extraluminal well-defined round-like nodule or mass (n=6, locating in lobar and lower bronchus) and irregular mass with invasive pattern (n=2, high-grade type). The density of lesion was similar to the muscule and the calcification within lesion was showed in 4 patients on non-enhanced CT. The lesion had marked enhancement in 17 patients on enhanced CT. Obstructive changes were found in 20 patients. Conclusion MEC of the tracheobronchial tree is usually low-grade malignancy and locates in main and lobar bronchus with no-invasive well-defined airway mass, marked enhancement and calcification on CT.