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With the emergence of new respiratory virus, it is more apparent for the vulnerability of population to respiratory viral infection.Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for respiratory virus infection have become the main way to prevent corona virus disease 2019.Some studies had proven its effectiveness.In addition, the NPIs also significantly reduced the incidence and hospitalization rate of other respiratory disease in children.NPIs for respiratory virus infection in children have its particularity and challenge.In daily life, it is important to guide children how to do the NPIs, so as to protect susceptible children and reduce the disease burden in children′s health system.Therefore, the aerosol transmission, the specificity of the NPIs in children, and the impact on childhood respiratory diseases are described in this article, to improve the prevention of common respiratory diseases in children.
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Objective To understand the etiological characteristics and risk factors of respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 374 children with bronchial asthma who were treated in Jianyang People's Hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from the outpatient children on the day of treatment, and 2 mL of nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from the hospitalized children within 24 hours by negative pressure aspirator. Seven viral antigens including RSV, ADV, IVA, IVB, PIVI, PIV II, and PIV III were detected. According to whether the virus test results were positive or not, they were divided into the experimental group (n=191) and the control group (n=183). Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma. Results Among the 374 samples, the virus positive rate was 51.07% (191/374), and the top 3 virus species in the positive samples were RSV, ADV, and PIV III, accounting for 41.36% (79/191), 30.36% (58/191), and 9.42% (18/191), respectively. In addition, IVA accounted for 5.24% (10/191), PIV II accounted for 5.24% (10/191), PIVI accounted for 3.66% (7/191), and IVB accounted for 1.57% (3 /191). The positive rates of virus were 47.96% (94/196) and 54.49% (97/178) in male and female children, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2=1.597，P>0.05). The positive rate of 1~3 years old children was significantly higher than that of >3 years old group (χ2=6.412，P3 times, intravenous glucocorticoid application and onset season were independent risk factors for respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma (P<0.05). Conclusion The infection season of acute respiratory tract infection in children with asthma is mainly concentrated in autumn and winter, with RSV as the main viral pathogen. Targeted preventive measures should be given to children with bronchial asthma who have more than 3 asthma attacks and intravenous glucocorticoid application, which can reduce respiratory virus infection in children with asthma.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized patients, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to develop relevant intervention measures. Methods A total of 414 hospitalized patients with respiratory virus infection admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected. Immunofluorescence method was used to qualitative detect parainfluenza virus type 1-3, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza B virus and adenovirus. Results Among the 414 ARTI patients, 84 cases were positive for respiratory virus, with a positive detection rate of 20.29% (84/414 ) . 76 cases were positive for single virus infection, with a positive detection rate of 18.36% (76/414) . The positive detection rate was 1.93% (8/414). The most common pathogens of virus infection were influenza A virus (25.00%), influenza B virus (20.23%) and RSV(17.86%). There was statistical significance in the positive rate of ARTI among different age groups (χ2, P2, P0.05). The positive rate of PIV3 was the highest in spring (4.04%), and the positive rate of RSV in spring and winter was 24.24% and 25.20%, respectively. The positive rates of influenza A virus and influenza B virus were the highest in winter (9.45%) and (7.09%). There was statistical significance in the positive rate of ARTI among different clinical diagnoses (χ2, P<0.05). The positive rates of PIV2, PIV3, influenza A virus and influenza B virus were significantly different (P<0.05). The positive rate of bronchopneumonia virus was the highest (27.48%). Conclusion: RSV infection is the most common in patients with acute respiratory virus infection in Chengdu area, which mostly occurs in autumn and winter, and the main clinical manifestation is bronchopneumonia. The main infected population is children under 8 years old, and the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus should be strengthened in the future.
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Objective: To explore the mechanism of Ertong Huichun Granules in treatment of respiratory virus infection diseases by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: TCMIP, TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases were used to search and summarize the meridian and components of medicinal materials from Ertong Huichun Granules. PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction database were used to query the targets corresponding to the active components, and the respiratory virus infection-related targets were inquired in the GeneCards database. The KEGG pathway and GO biological process enrichment were analyzed by DAVID database, and the relevant network was constructed by Cytoscape software. According to the analysis results of the network diagram, components and targets were selected for molecular docking. Results: The herbs in Ertong Huichun Granules were most attributed to lung, stomach, liver meridian; combining database and literature retrieval. A total of 126 Chinese native medicine ingredients and 55 targets were ensured for constructing network. KEGG pathways mainly included cancer, hepatitis related pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway, which were mainly involved in inflammatory response, transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, hypoxia response, and other biological processes. Molecular docking results showed that 7,8-didehydrocimigenol, cimicifugoside, and cimigenol from Cimicifuga foetida had good binding capacity with PTGS2, MAPK, ACE2, and 3CL hydrolase (3CLpro), and maybe have potential anti-respiratory virus effects. Conclusion: Gallic acid, 7,8-didehydrocimigenoll, ccimicifugoside, baicalin, and other ingredients from Ertong Huichun Granules can be through PTGS2, EGFR, MAPK, IL2, ACE2, and 3CLpro targets for reducing inflammatory reaction, interference virus invasion of the host and inhibiting the virus replication to play the role of treating the respiratory virus infection diseases.
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Viral lower respiratory tract infections(LRTIs)are common causes of critical illness in children. Recent advances in viral detection techniques over the past decade have demonstrated the rates of morbidity,mortality,and medical burden of LRTIs caused by viruses are comparable to those of bacterial communityacquired and nosocomial pneumonias. In the paper,it described the relationship between viral LRTIs and critical illness,and discuss relevant clinical features and management strategies of the more prevalent respiratory viral pathogens. Early diagnostic and treatment strategies are required to effectively treat these infections and prevent complications.
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Objective To study the respiratory tract virus infection in dengue fever patients in Guangzhou. Methods Totally 280 patients with dengue fever in 2014 and 32 patients from May to December 2015 were select-ed as group A and group B respectively. The distribution of clinical symptoms and signs ,age and onset time of the 2 groups were compared. Simultaneously ,other respiratory viruses in all patients were detected. Results In group B,the incidence of fever,bone pain,myalgia/body weight fatigue,anorexia,diarrhea,rash diagnosed and hemorrhage was higher than that in group A. The incidence difference of headache,bone pain,myalgia/body weight fatigue,anorexia and rash in 2 groups indicated no statistical significance(P > 0.05)but the incidence of anorexia was significantly different(P 0.05)except that of 51 ~65 years in 2 groups(P 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of dengue fever is different in Guangzhou area at different time. The patients present different clinical symptoms and signs. Analysis of different pathogenic characteristics provides important basis for clinical treatment of dengue fever.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of nebulization treatment for childhood respiratory virus infection with human recombinant interferon α-1b.Methods A randomized,controlled clinical re-search was designed.375 subjects with children respiratory tract virus infection were randomly divided into the treat-ment group(250 cases) and control group(125 cases).In addition to conventional therapy,the treatment group with recombinant human interferon α-1b and the control group with ribavirin were executed by using nebulization treat-ment.Results A total of 357 subjects were statistically included in the trail.Sore throat,cough,wheezes,rale of lung disappearing time and the days of hospitalization of treatment group were significantly different(u=5.83,6.51,6.33, 7.39,5.57,6.62,all P<0.01) compared with the control group;The treatment group in the cure rate and total effec-tive rate was significantly higher(χ2 =7.85,25.71,all P<0.01),and no obvious adverse reactions were reported. Conclusion Nebulization treatment of childhood respiratory virus infection with human recombinant interferon α-1b is safe and effective.The method of operation is simple and thus its application is worth promoting in clinic.
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BACKGROUND: The information on the incidence, seasonal variation and clinical pattern of respiratory virus infections is very important for clinicians in managing their patients. This study was aimed to define the epidemiology of respiratory viral pathogens in Seoul and the neighboring areas from March 2004 to February 2006. METHODS: A total of 6,533 specimens were cultured for respiratory viruses during the study period. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), LLC-MK2, and HEp-2 cells, or R-mix cells (Diagnostic Hybrids Inc., Athens, Ohio, USA) were used for culture. Influenza virus types A & B (Inf A & B), parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (ADV) were identified by indirect immuno-fluorescent staining. Medical records of the patients with positive virus cultures were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: One or more viral agents were isolated from 1682 specimens (25.7%). The pathogens identified were RSV 37.2%, ADV 19.9%, Inf A 18.9%, PIV 17.5% and Inf B 6.4%. The most frequent pathogen of pneumonia and acute bronchiolitis was RSV and that of croup was PIV. Upper respiratory tract infections were more prevalent in adults and the most frequently caused by influenza virus. Influenza virus itself was more frequently isolated in children less than six years old, which was different from previous reports. Influenza virus was mostly isolated in the winter and spring, while RSV was usually isolated from early fall with a peak incidence in the winter. Inf A and RSV showed a dampening effect on the occurrence of other viruses during their major epidemic. PIV was mostly detected in the spring and summer. ADV was isolated throughout the whole year. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infections in Seoul and the neighboring areas in 2004-2006, were similar to the findings of previous reports except for some minor changes. These findings could be useful to clinicians in managing their patients.