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The year 2020 will be remembered as the year in which a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus precipitated a major disruption in the functioning of contemporary societies. A global event with peculiar regional consequences. It is in this context that we will discuss the ethical aspects of the actions under the responsibility of public officials, namely the ones on national Brazilian relevance for the confrontation of COVID-19. The analysis of the pandemic's effects in Brazil should be based not only on the events triggered at the current moment, whose transience is still an insufficiently known factor, but also on the social, political, and historically economic determinants that heavily interfere in the present events, as well as in the post epidemic future, highlighting the possible scenarios that the political normative, governmental, social, and economic choices underway point to. The tragedy of our time once again presents us with a challenge that is not new, the challenge of a new order, a global order of survival and, therefore, necessarily, a new ethic, an ethic of a global and profound responsibility. This path can only be treated with wisdom and compassion through a model of responsible governance.
El 2020 será recordado como el año en el cual una pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 precipitó una mayor disrupción en el funcionamiento de las sociedades contemporáneas. Se trata de un evento global con peculiares consecuencias regionales. Es en este contexto que discutiremos los aspectos éticos de las acciones bajo la responsabilidad de los agentes oficiales, particularmente aquellos de relevancia nacional para el tratamiento del COVID-19 en Brasil. El análisis de los efectos de la pandemia en el país debiera estar basado no solo en los eventos desencadenados en el momento presente, cuya provisionalidad constituye un factor aún insuficientemente conocido, sino también en los determinantes sociales, políticos y económicos que históricamente han tenido una alta injerencia en los eventos actuales, así como en el futuro pos-pandémico, resaltando los escenarios posibles a los que apuntan las políticas normativas, gubernamentales y sociales y las alternativas económicas en curso. La tragedia de nuestro tiempo nos confronta una vez más con un desafío que no es nuevo, el reto de un nuevo orden, un orden global de supervivencia y, por lo tanto, necesariamente, con una nueva ética, una ética de una profunda responsabilidad global. Este camino solo puede ser abordado con sabiduría y compasión a través de un modelo de gobernanza responsable.
O ano de 2020 será lembrado como o ano no qual uma pandemia causada pelo vírus sars-CoV-2 provocou uma grande ruptura no funcionamento das sociedades contemporâneas. Um evento global com consequências regionais peculiares. É nesse contexto que discutimos os aspectos éticos das ações que estavam sob responsabilidade de agentes públicos, a saber, os agentes de relevância nacional no enfrentamento da covid-19 no Brasil. A análise dos efeitos da pandemia no Brasil deve se basear não somente nos eventos desencadeados no momento - cuja transição ainda é um fator insuficientemente conhecido -, mas também nos determinantes sociais, políticos e historicamente econômicos que interferem significativamente nos eventos atuais, bem como no futuro pós-epidêmico, com destaque para os possíveis cenários que as escolhas políticas normativas, governamentais, sociais e econômicas em andamento apontam. A tragédia do nosso tempo nos apresenta novamente um desafio que não é inédito: o desafio de uma nova ordem, uma ordem global de sobrevivência e, portanto, necessariamente, uma nova ética, uma ética de uma responsabilidade global e profunda. Esse caminho só pode ser tratado com sabedoria e compaixão mediante um modelo de governança responsável.
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Resumen A través de un estudio correlacional, esta investigación explora la influencia de posibles beneficios sociales y sus variables asociadas en la adopción de Comportamientos Urbanos Responsables (CUR). Teniendo en cuenta la complejidad del problema y el número de variables a explorar, se empleó el modelo de Teoría de Facetas. Además, se diseñó un cuestionario derivado de una "frase mapa" que presenta en forma de viñetas situaciones urbanas hipotéticas que exploran las variables en estudio. Participaron 177 individuos que estimaron la probabilidad de que un individuo involucrado en una viñeta adopte o no un CUR, a partir de variables como la distancia temporal y la magnitud del beneficio, la saliencia del anuncio de este beneficio, y la aprobación social y el reproche. Un análisis de distancias mínimas (SSA) mostró que los participantes reconocen estas variables a la hora de optar por un CUR. La distancia temporal para obtener el beneficio y la magnitud grande del beneficio resultaron estar altamente correlacionadas con la mayor estimación sobre la probabilidad de que un individuo elija un CUR. Se sugiere formular estrategias educativas y políticas públicas que conduzcan al desarrollo de la cooperación, la responsabilidad y la autorregulación, con el fin de contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida urbana y la convivencia en el medio urbano.
Abstract Through a correlational study, this research explores the influence of possible social benefits and associated variables on the adoption of Responsible Urban Behaviors (RUB). Considering the complexity of the problem and the number of variables to be explored, the Facet Theory model was used. Also, a questionnaire was created, which presented hypothetical urban situations in the form of vignettes that explored the variables under study. A total of 177 individuals participated and estimated the likelihood of an individual involved in a vignette adopting or not an RUB, based on variables such as the time and magnitude of the benefit, salience of the advertisement of such benefit, and social approval and criticism. The smallest space analysis showed that participants recognize these variables when it comes to opting for an RUB. The time to obtain the benefit and the magnitude of the benefit turned out to be highly correlated with the highest estimate of the likelihood of an individual choosing an RUB. This research suggests formulating educational strategies and public policies that lead to the development of cooperation, responsibility, and self-regulation, to help improve the quality of urban life and coexistence in the urban environment.
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Abstract Introduction/objective: The paper sought to identify the predictor variables of changes in habits and behaviours of responsible consumption in students of Pedagogy of History and Geography in the city of Temuco, Chile. Method: The sample comprised of 110 students divided into an experimental (n = 68) and a control (n = 42) group. Pre-and post-intervention measurements were considered, within the framework of a pilot financial education programme for students of Pedagogy of History and Geography. Analyses included Multilevel Mixed Effects Analyses, which evaluated the predicting power of attitudes towards purchasing, materialism, self-discrepancy and levels of financial literacy regarding behavioural change in responsible consumption. Results: The results set forth rationality (a subscale of attitudes toward purchasing), and centrality (a subscale of materialism) as significant predictors of behavioural changes in purchasing. Conclusions: These results suggest guidelines for interventions to promote responsible consumption in university students.
Resumen Introducción/objetivo: Este artículo buscó identificar las variables predictoras de los cambios en hábitos y conductas de consumo responsable en estudiantes de Pedagogía en Historia y Geografía en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. Método: La muestra se conformó por 110 estudiantes divididos en un grupo experimental (n = 68) y uno control (n = 42). Se consideraron mediciones pre y post intervención, en el marco de un programa piloto de educación financiera para estudiantes de Pedagogía en Historia y Geografía. Se incluyeron análisis de efectos mixtos multinivel, que evaluaron el poder de predicción de las actitudes hacia la compra, el materialismo, la discrepancia del yo, y los niveles de alfabetización financiera sobre el cambio en las conductas de consumo responsable. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que racionalidad (una subescala de las actitudes hacia la compra) y centralidad (una subescala de materialismo) son los predictores significativos de los cambios comportamentales en la compra. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren posibles pautas de intervención para promover el consumo responsable en estudiantes universitarios.
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Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo teórico es introducir los conceptos de macrocontingencia y metacontingencia en el campo de la psicología ambiental y su papel en la promoción de acciones colectivas en pro del medio ambiente natural y construido. Se proponen este tipo de contingencias para el diseño de prácticas culturales y programas sociales que ayuden a resolver problemas ambientales como el cambio climático, la extinción de especies, la contaminación del agua, la deforestación, las migraciones, el vandalismo, etc., e incentivar comportamientos urbanos responsables como el uso de la bicicleta y del transporte urbano, el reciclaje, etc. Aunque las acciones de cada persona pueden contribuir a las soluciones, el planteamiento del presente manuscrito se centra en el efecto acumulativo y las acciones entrelazadas de los individuos que producen un resultado eficaz para el bienestar de muchas personas y del medio ambiente. La conducta guiada por reglas se presenta como el mecanismo de aprendizaje para introducir las macrocontingencias y metacontingencias en la comunidad. A partir del pragmatismo como visión paradigmática, se discute la efectividad de las macrocontingencias y metacontingencias para explicar los procesos culturales en la promoción de acciones efectivas para el medio ambiente.
Abstract This article aims to introduce the concepts of macrocontingency and metacontingency into environmental psychology to promote collective actions in pro of the natural and urban environment. The design of cultural practices oriented to achieve the goal requires the definition of contingencies that promote social process to solve environmental problems such as: climate change, species extinction, water contamination, deforestation, migration, vandalism, etc, and to encourage responsible urban behaviors such as the use of bicycles, urban transport, recycling, among others. Although each person´s actions may contribute to the solutions, the approach of this theoretical paper is focused on the cumulative effect and the interconnected actions of people that produce an effective outcome for the well-being of many and the environment. Rule - driven behavior is showed as the learning mechanism to introduce the macrocontingencies and metacontingencies in the community. Based on pragmatism as a paradigmatic view, it is discussed the effectiveness of macrocontingencies and metacontingencies in explaining cultural processes to promote effective actions for the environment.
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Resumen El derecho comercial a través de la historia no ha dado cuenta de la economía solidaria, lo que ha provocado una serie de equívocos conceptuales que impiden observar que existen otras formas de interacción mercantil que no están mediadas por el intercambio monetario exclusivamente y sin que se haga referencia al trueque como única forma cooperativa, ya que ello desconoce otras formas de relaciones de cambio, tales como la donación, o la producción responsable de productos solo dirigidos al cubrimiento de necesidades básicas y no a la acumulación mercantil. En estas nuevas modalidades que podemos encontrar como el Blockchain, redes, plataformas, Apps, y otras cadenas logarítmicas que pueden ayudar a construir intercambios no capitalistas, que a su vez permitan repensar la forma de producir y consumir de las sociedades modernas.
Abstract Commercial law throughout history has not accounted for solidarity economy, which has led to a series of conceptual misunderstandings. These prevent us from observing that there are other forms of commercial interaction, which are not mediated by monetary exchange exclusively, and without being referred to barter as the only cooperative form since they do not recognize other forms of exchange relationships, such as donation, or responsible production of products. The latter are only aimed at the coverage of basic needs, and not to the commercial accumulation. In these new modalities, we can find Blockchain, networks, platforms, Apps, and other logarithmic chains, which can help build noncapitalist exchanges, which in turn, allow to reconsider the way of production and consumption of modern societies.
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La relación de un niño con un animal doméstico, bajo circunstancias debidamente controladas, es beneficiosa para ambos. Las mascotas establecen vínculos de apego con los niños y la relación resulta positiva en aspectos afectivos, en refuerzo de la personalidad y promoción de autoestima, y en desarrollo cognitivo.Sin embargo, existen riesgos en la convivencia de niños y mascotas: mordeduras, lesiones diversas, transmisión de enfermedades. Los factores de riesgo pueden ser inherentes a los niños (edades, conductas inoportunas, falta de supervisión), al medioambiente (hogares pequeños, espacios inadecuados) o a los perros (razas no recomendables, conductas agresivas).En este consenso, se insiste en pautas para una tenencia responsable y una convivencia segura. Se recomiendan perros y gatos como mascotas, y se desaconsejan especies exóticas y animales no tradicionales. Se brindan pautas de tratamiento de mordeduras y se esbozan las principales zoonosis de las que pueden ser transmisores los animales de compañía.
The relationship of a child with a pet, under duly controlled circumstances, is beneficial for both. Pets establish emotional attachments to children, and the relationship turns out positive in terms of affective aspects, in reinforcement of the child Ìs personality and promoting self-esteem, and in cognitive development, among many other advantages.Nevertheless, there are real risks in the coexistence of kids and pets: trauma, bites, several injuries and also disease transmission. Risk factors of injuries can be inherent in children (age, improper behavior, lack of supervision), in the environment (small houses, inadequate spaces), or in dogs (big or not recommended breeds, aggressive behaviors).This consensus insists on some guidelines for a responsible tenure and safe coexistence. Dogs and cats are recommended as pets, discouraging exotic species and non-traditional animals. Guidelines for bites treatment are provided and the main zoonoses of which pets can be carriers and transmitters are outlined
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Human-Animal Bond , Pets , Bites and Stings/prevention & control , Zoonoses , Child Development , Animal Assisted Therapy , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
Resumen En los espacios públicos, los ciudadanos enfrentan decisiones que involucran comportamientos egoístas o de cooperación social que afectan la calidad de la vida urbana. ¿Qué hace que la decisión del ciudadano beneficie al grupo social y no solo al individuo? Este artículo explora los dilemas que enfrentan las personas en el entorno urbano a partir del modelo experimental de la teoría de juegos. Participaron 80 personas que, en parejas, tuvieron que decidir entre un comportamiento urbano responsable (CUR) y uno incívico, en condiciones que dieron lugar a la distribución aleatoria de los participantes en cuatro grupos equivalentes conformados por 20 parejas cada uno (en promedio). Cada individuo tenía que elegir actuar de manera cooperativa o egoísta, dependiendo de la decisión de su pareja de obtener el máximo beneficio. Los grupos diferían de acuerdo con la cantidad de beneficios asociados a la reciprocidad (altos, medios o nada, es decir, altruismo, y a su valor abstracto o concreto). Los resultados mostraron que la decisión de optar por un CUR depende, en mayor medida, de la magnitud del beneficio y la probabilidad de obtener reciprocidad, y, en menor medida, del altruismo o del tipo de CUR involucrado en la situación. Se discuten los resultados en función de las implicaciones para la cooperación ciudadana.
Abstract In public spaces, citizens face decisions that involve selfish or social cooperation behaviors, that affects the quality of urban life. What makes that their decision benefit the social group instead their individual benefit only? This article explores the dilemmas that individuals meet in the urban environment from the experimental model of game theory. Participated 80 people who had to decide, in pairs, between a responsible urban behavior (CUR, Spanish acronym) versus an uncivic behavior. Participants were distributed by random into four groups, consisting of 20 couples each one (on average). Each individual had to choose to act cooperatively or selfishly depending on their partner's decision to get the maximum benefit from the situation. Groups differed according the amount of benefits associated to reciprocity, high medium or nothing (altruism) and its concrete or abstract value. The results showed that the decision to opt for a CUR depends mostly on the magnitude of the benefit and the probability of receiving reciprocity, and to a lesser extent on altruism or the type of CUR involved in the situation. Findings are discussed based on their implications for citizen cooperation.
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Humans , Male , Female , Social Behavior , Play and Playthings , Behavior , Affect , Self-ControlABSTRACT
Background: Self-medication as the selection and use of medicines by the individuals to treat self-recognised illness or symptoms. Self-medication is recognised as a part of self-care. The objectives of this study was to find out the prevalence of self-medication in an urban Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, to find out the pattern of self-medication with regard to its practice and to find out the reasons favoring the practice of self-medication.Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the month of September 2018 in a randomly selected urban field practice area of a tertiary care hospital. The sample size was calculated to be 360. Data was collected from all the houses in the selected field practice area. The data collected was entered into Microsoft excel spread sheet 2018 and analysis was done using SPSS version 21.Results: Self-medication was practiced by 195 (48.75%) of the households and 215 (18.6%) of the study participants. 42.1% reported pharmacist as source of knowledge. Most common symptom/sign for which self-medication was practiced was fever (42%). Most commonly (57.9%) used self-medicament was non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Antibiotics were used by 15.4% as self- medicament. Among the 195 households practising self-medication, 65 (33.3%) reported that accessibility to pharmacy was more than that of clinic as reason for practicing self-medication.Conclusions: The usage of antibiotics as self-medicament and decreased awareness regarding the side effects of self-medicaments indicated decreased practice of responsible self-medication in the study area. More studies have to be conducted regarding the awareness, barriers and facilitators for practicing responsible self-medication.
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RESUMEN El presente trabajo busca establecer la forma en que la inversión social responsable tiene el potencial de dinamizar el desarrollo empresarial de un país y, al mismo tiempo, asumir los objetivos de sostenibilidad, como propósitos propios de las actividades productivas en los agronegocios. Para ello, se propone una aproximación a un modelo teórico ideal, que expone la dinámica de la inversión social responsable, como impulsor del desarrollo empresarial. En lo metodológico, mediante el análisis de la literatura existente, se estudia el fenómeno desde la perspectiva teórica y, posteriormente, desde la perspectiva empírica, se hace uso de un análisis de framework sobre siete casos de estudio colombianos. De esta forma, se abordan conceptos relacionados con el desarrollo empresarial y la influencia de modelos de agronegocio de doble y triple impacto, así como en factores condicionantes para el otorgamiento de la figura de financiación respectiva. A manera de resultados, junto al modelo teórico expuesto, se suministra un planteamiento basado en cinco proposiciones de asociación, lo cual, prepara el terreno para su futura comprobación deductiva, tanto cualitativa como cuantitativamente.
ABSTRACT This work aims to determine the way in which social responsible investments has the potential of providing dynamism to the entrepreneurial development in agribusiness initiatives. At the same time, it seeks to integrate this concept with sustainable development objectives, and with conventional financial purposes within this particular industry. To do it, this work proposes an ideal theoretical model that exposes the dynamics of the social responsible investments and its positive influence on the entrepreneurial development. Methodologically, by using relevant literature, a conceptual analysis is performed from a theoretical perspective, followed by a framework analysis through the lens of seven Colombian case studies in order to perform a theory-building approach. Specifically, this work examines several concepts related with entrepreneurial development and the influence of double- and triple-bottom-line agribusiness models, together with conditioning factors for obtaining responsible financing. Together with the model at issue, this work provides a duly supported conceptual approach with five associative propositions, which ultimately fosters the prospective testing of the model trough deductive methods in both ways: qualitative and quantitative.
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Introducción: El manejo responsable de los productos químicos peligrosos tiene relación directa con el conocimiento, comprensión y percepción de riesgo que tengan los individuos involucrados. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de seguridad en el manejo de los productos químicos peligrosos en la comunidad Mantilla y compararlo con el estudio que se realizó en la comunidad Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén en La Habana, entre 2013-2015. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva exploratoria, que se realizó en el Consejo Popular Mantilla de Arroyo Naranjo en 2016, con una población de 1338 practicantes sistemáticos en el manejo de los productos químicos peligrosos. Se escogió una muestra no probabilística de 200 personas, que se seleccionaron de forma intencional. Se confeccionó una lista de verificación para evaluar el nivel de seguridad, con objetivos específicos y contenidos para esta comunidad. Se evaluaron los aspectos de seguridad, se determinaron los perfiles de riesgo con el software ASeC, y se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad en la comunidad Mantilla. Se efectuó un estudio comparativo entre los resultados del análisis de sensibilidad para la comunidad de Mantilla y la de Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén mediante diagrama de Venn. Resultados: Los resultados por aspectos de seguridad en la comunidad de Mantilla fueron evaluados de negativos y no mostraron diferencias significativas con los obtenidos en la comunidad de Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén. Conclusiones: La identificación de los focos de peligro en la comunidad Mantilla resultó crítica. Ambas comunidades no demostraron la capacidad funcional para enfrentar una emergencia y desconocen las acciones y consecuencias que tiene para la población y el medio ambiente los accidentes con productos químicos peligrosos(AU)
Introduction: Responsible management of hazardous chemical products has direct relation with the knowledge, comprehension and perception of the risk that the individuals involved have. Objective: To evaluate the safety level in the management of hazardous chemical products in Mantilla community, Havana, Cuba and compare it with the assessment performed in Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén community of the same province, from 2013 to 2015. Methods: Exploratory-descriptive research conducted in Mantilla community, Arroyo Naranjo municipality, Havana, Cuba in 2016, over a population of 1338 systematic practitioners in the handling of hazardous chemical products. The sample was of 200 people; and it was non-probabilistically and intentionally selected. An exhaustive checklist was prepared for applying the safety level assessment method with specific objectives and contents for the community. The safety aspects were assessed, the risk profile was determined by using ASeC software, and a sensitivity analysis for Mantilla community was performed. A comparison of the sensitivity analysis results was also carried out for both Mantilla and Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén communities using the Venn diagram. Results: The results by safety aspects of Mantilla community were assessed with negative values. When compared them with the results obtained on a previous research in the Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén community, some irrelevant differences where obtained. Conclusions: The hazard focus identification in Mantilla community became critical. Both communities didn't show functional capability for facing an emergency, and they didn't know what actions and consequences could have an accident related to hazardous chemical products in the population and the environment(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Residence Characteristics , Comparative Study , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Introducción: El manejo de los productos químicos peligrosos en la comunidad no se realiza de manera segura y responsable. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de seguridad de la comunidad en el manejo de los productos químicos peligros. Métodos: Investigación exploratoria-descriptiva realizada en el consejo popular Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén perteneciente al municipio Marianao, comprendida entre los años 2013-2015. Se contó con una población de 1142 practicantes sistemáticos en el manejo de los productos químicos peligrosos. La muestra fue de 177 personas, se obtuvo de forma no probabilista y seleccionada de forma intencional. Se confeccionó una lista de verificación para aplicar el método de evaluación del nivel de seguridad con objetivos específicos y contenidos de cada escalón de defensa, para la comunidad seleccionada: Escalón 0: diseño de la defensa en profundidad; Escalón 1: Prevención de Sucesos Anormales; Escalón 2: Liquidación de sucesos anormales y Escalón 3: Mitigación de accidentes. Resultados: Los conjuntos definidos como aspectos de seguridad dominantes se calificaron de inaceptable-crítico o inaceptable-extremo en esta localidad; lo que implica la toma de medidas urgentes por los bajos valores del nivel de seguridad existente. Discusión: En el grupo de estudio se identificaron dificultades en la evaluación del riesgo en el contexto comunitario que muestran, luego del análisis de sensibilidad exhaustivo, que las acciones a emprender para revertir la situación inicial no requieren en su mayoría de recursos materiales, con un costo significativo para llegar al estado deseado; sin embargo, este estado puede alcanzarse con la aplicación de un grupo de medidas de orden organizativo y de gestión(AU)
Introduction: the management of hazardous chemicals in the community is not carry on a safe and responsible ways. Objective: to assess the safety level of the selected community in the management of chemicals hazards. Methods: exploratory-descriptive research conducted in the popular council Pogolotti-Finlay-Belen in the municipality of Marianao, between the years 2013-2015. There was a population of 1142 systematic practitioners in the handling of hazardous chemicals. The sample was 177 people; was obtained non-probabilistically and was intentionally selected. An exhaustive checklist was prepared for applying the safety level assessment method (ENS), with specific objectives and contents of each defense echelon: Echelon 0: Design of the Defense in Depth; Echelon 1: Prevention of Abnormal Events; Echelon 2: Control of Abnormal Events and Echelon 3: Accidents mitigation. Results: The sets defined as safety dominant aspects are classified as Unacceptable-Critical (I-C) or Unacceptable-Extreme (I-E) in this neighborhood; what implies the taking of urgent measures by the low values of the existing safety level. Conclusions: In the group of study, difficulties were identified in the evaluation of the risk in the community context that show, after the analysis of exhaustive sensitivity, that the actions to be taken to revert the initial situation, do not require of material resources with a significant cost to reach the desired state; however, this state can be achieved through the application of a group of organizational and management measures(AU)
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Hazardous Substances/toxicity , Residence Characteristics , Chemical Compounds/policies , Chemical Safety/methods , CubaABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the working experience of responsible nurses after the day surgery in the ward under the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery, in order to provide reference for the development of targeted interventions.@*Methods@#In this study, 10 primary nurses in 4 departments of day surgery in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital were interviewed by using the method of objective sampling in April-May, 2018. The semi-structured interview was conducted using the phenomenological research method in the qualitative study, and the Colaizzi phenomenological data was used. The analysis method analyzes the interview data.@*Results@#Through the repeated refinement, analysis and extraction of the interview data, the following two themes reflecting the work experience of the daytime surgical department responsible nurses: own growth and harvest, difficulties and challenges.@*Conclusion@#Based on the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery, daytime surgery is carried out to encourage responsible nurses to continuously improve their knowledge level and interpersonal communication skills. The nurses' professional identity is continuously improved. At the same time, due to the increase in nursing workload, the increase in nurse training needs and the incomplete workflow make nursing management Facing new problems and challenges.
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Objective To understand the working experience of responsible nurses after the day surgery in the ward under the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery, in order to provide reference for the development of targeted interventions. Methods In this study, 10 primary nurses in 4 departments of day surgery in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital were interviewed by using the method of objective sampling in April_ May, 2018. The semi_ structured interview was conducted using the phenomenological research method in the qualitative study, and the Colaizzi phenomenological data was used. The analysis method analyzes the interview data. Results Through the repeated refinement, analysis and extraction of the interview data, the following two themes reflecting the work experience of the daytime surgical department responsible nurses: own growth and harvest, difficulties and challenges. Conclusion Based on the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery, daytime surgery is carried out to encourage responsible nurses to continuously improve their knowledge level and interpersonal communication skills. The nurses'professional identity is continuously improved. At the same time, due to the increase in nursing workload, the increase in nurse training needs and the incomplete workflow make nursing management Facing new problems and challenges.
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Objective According to the discussion of investigator responsibilities for human subject protection,to provide possible reference for the construction of human subject protection framework calls for more collaboration between investigators and Institutional Review Board (IRB).Methods Systematically analyze the investigator responsibilities during the whole process of research including design,implementation and closure,identify key ethical issues that need attention at different stages.Results Currently,the culture of regulatory compliance,though good for the human subject protection from regulatory perspective,is still not optimal for encouraging more innovative protection from investigator perspectives.Conclusions Human subject protection is not only the responsibility of IRBs,investigators should also be more responsible and bring in more ethical considerations in human subject research.
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The practice of "land grabbing", or the large-scale hoarding of fertile lands in developing countries by rich countries, transnational corporations and individuals, in order to grow food beyond their borders, is today reaching historically unparalleled figures. Although the dominant discourse vindicates this process as an opportunity for the countries that are recipients of these practices, numerous voices warn about the role played by this phenomenon in the (re-) emergence and development of global and local problems. The objective of this work is to demystify the theoretical, political and historical proposal endorsed and promoted by international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in the light of conflicts over the use and ownership of land. Together, food security, impacts on small and medium-sized local farmers and migration are generating the current model of international land grabbing.
La práctica del "acaparamiento de tierras", o el acaparamiento a gran escala de tierras fértiles en países en desarrollo por parte de países ricos, corporaciones transnacionales e individuos, con el fin de cultivar alimentos más allá de sus fronteras, está alcanzando hoy cifras históricamente incomparables. Aunque el discurso dominante reivindica este proceso como una oportunidad para los países que son receptores de estas prácticas, numerosas voces advierten sobre el papel desempeñado por este fenómeno en la (re) aparición y desarrollo de problemas globales y locales. El objetivo de este trabajo es desmitificar la propuesta teórica, política e histórica respaldada y promovida por organizaciones internacionales como el Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Banco Mundial a la luz de los conflictos sobre el uso y la propiedad de la tierra. Juntos, la seguridad alimentaria, los impactos en los pequeños y medianos agricultores locales y la migración están generando el modelo actual de acaparamiento internacional de tierras.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agriculture , Earth Sciences , Human Migration , Food SupplyABSTRACT
La investigación desarrollada tenía como objetivo principal determinar el nivel de ecoconsumo de una población muestral, en este caso, estudiantes de postgrado de las diferentes universidades de Villavicencio. Para llevar a cabo este proceso, era indispensable, primeramente, identificar las variables de ecoconsumo que circundaban la determinación de la población muestra. De esta manera, la investigación realizada permitió determinar que los estudiantes de postgrado en Villavicencio, para el año 2014, eran ecoconsumo pasivos con un valor promedio de ecoconsumo aproximado a los 3,1 en una escala de 1 a 5. Para estructurar un marco metodológico que facilitara la interrelación entre teoría y análisis de datos, fueron empleados instrumentos econométricos que buscaban identificar las variables que explican tal comportamiento, a través de la aplicabilidad del modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Este modelo, como resultado final, comprobó que las constantes explicativas para el ecoconsumo son: edad y nivel de estudios. De igual forma, se pudo concluir que las variables demográficas como género, estado civil, ingresos, número de hijos y estrato no son significativas para la estabilidad o inestabilidad del consumo sostenible.
The main objective of this research was to determine the level of eco-consumption of a sample population, in this case, postgraduate students from different universities of Villavicencio. To carry out this process, it was essential, at first, to identify the ecoconsumption variables that surrounded the determination of the sample population. In this way, this research made possible to determine that by the year 2014 the postgraduate students in Villavicencio were passive eco-consumers with an average amount of ecoconsumption of approximately 3.1 on a scale of 1 to 5. In order to structure a Methodological framework that facilitates the interrelation between theory and data analysis, econometric instruments were applied which aimed to identify the variables that explain such behavior, through the multiple linear regression model. This model, final finding, proved that the explanatory constants for ecoconsumption are: age and level of education. Similarly, it was concluded that the demographic variables such as gender, marital status, income, number of children and stratum are not relevant for the stability or instability of sustainable consumption.
O principal objetivo da pesquisa realizada foi determinar o nível de consumo ecológico de uma amostra populacional, neste caso, estudantes de pós-graduação das diferentes universidades de Villavicencio. Para realizar esse processo, foi essencial, em primeiro lugar, identificar as variáveis de consumo ecológico que envolviam a determinação da população da amostra. Assim, a investigação tornou possível determinar que os estudantes de pós-graduação em Villavicencio, 2014, foram consumidores ecológicos passivos com um valor médio de consumo ecológico aproximado para 3,1 em uma escala de 1-5. A fim de estruturar um quadro metodológico para facilitar a interação entre teoria e análise dos dados foram utilizados instrumentos econométricos que procuram identificar as variáveis que explicam esse comportamento através da aplicabilidade do modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Este modelo, como resultado final, comprovou que as constantes explicativas para o consumo ecológico são: idade e nível educacional. Da mesma forma, concluiu-se que as variáveis demográficas, como sexo, estado civil, remuneração, número de filhos e estrato, não são significativas para a estabilidade ou instabilidade do consumo sustentável.
ABSTRACT
Stray dogs are associated with environment and public health impacts. São Paulo is a city with approximately 2.5 million owned dogs and until the time of writing no studies describing the distribution of the stray dog population have been conducted in this city. Therefore, no scientific support for intervention plans is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of local sociodemographic and environmental factors with the population perception of presence of stray dogs in urban fragments of São Paulo city. A convenience sample of six urban fragments was selected. In-depth interviews were performe, using a systematic random sample of households in each study area, between October/2010 and January/2011 to identify socio-demographic factors of interest and determine the population's perception of stray dogs. Additionally, the presence of stray dogs was estimated by photographic mark-recapture method. The degree of human-dog proximity and environmental factors such as waste handling were associated to the sighting of stray dogs. Stray dogs were observed in two of the six study areas, agreeing with the greater population perception of this issue on those areas. Intervention in these factors and encouragement of responsible ownership are two potential solutions for management and reduction of problems associated with the presence of stray dogs.(AU)
A presença de cães errantes está associada a impactos no meio ambiente e na saúde pública. São Paulo é uma cidade com aproximadamente 2.5 milhões de cães domiciliados e até o presente momento, não foram desenvolvidos estudos que descrevam a distribuição da população errante na cidade. Desta forma, não há suporte científico para planejar intervenções. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre os fatores sociodemográficos e ambientais da população local com a frequência com que relataram a visualização de cães errantes em fragmentos urbanos da cidade de São Paulo. Foi definida uma amostra de conveniência composta por seis fragmentos urbanos, onde um questionário foi aplicado em uma amostra sistemática dos domicílios de cada área de estudo. Este questionário, aplicado entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011, determinou os fatores socio-econômicos de interesse e a percepção da presença de cães errantes pela população. Também foi estimada a presença de cães pelo método de marcação e recaptura fotográfica. Foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre a visualização de cães errantes pela população local e o grau de proximidade com cães e o manejo de resíduos do domicílio. Cães errantes foram observados em duas das seis áreas trabalhadas, em concordância com a maior percepção da sua presença pela população local. Intervenções nestes fatores e incentivo a guarda responsável são duas ações com potencial de contribuir para redução dos problemas causados pela presença de cães errantes.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Statistical Data , Pets , Social Responsibility , Socioeconomic Survey , BrazilABSTRACT
La relación entre el hombre y el perro se asocia a numerosos y variados beneficios sobre la salud humana; sin embargo también presenta importantes riesgos. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir parámetros demográficos y características de la tenencia de perros con implicancias sobre la salud humana y evaluar la prevalencia de mordeduras y accidentes de tránsito causados por perros. Se realizó una encuesta en los barrios Nuestras Malvinas y Nahuel Hue de San Carlos de Bariloche. Se estimó el porcentaje de viviendas con al menos un perro, la media de perros por vivienda, la prevalencia de mordeduras de perro y de accidentes de tránsito causados por perros y el conocimiento de la población sobre zoonosis transmitidas por perros. Respecto de la tenencia, se evaluó el grado de esterilización, vacunación y desparasitación y el porcentaje de perros con libre acceso a la calle. Se realizaron 141 entrevistas. En 87% de las viviendas había al menos un perro (promedio 2.2 perros/vivienda). En 26% de las viviendas alguien había sufrido un accidente de tránsito causado por perros y en 41% alguien había sido mordido. El 83% de los perros fueron desparasitados en los últimos 12 meses, en promedio 1.4 veces (óptimo: 6 veces/año), 51% estaban esterilizados, 55% tenían libre acceso a la calle. Este estudio muestra una situación preocupante respecto de la población canina de los barrios evaluados. El número de perros sueltos en la calle y el bajo nivel de desparasitación y esterilización proveen condiciones ideales para que se propaguen zoonosis.
Human relationship with dogs associates with numerous and varied benefits on human health; however, it also presents significant risks. The goal of this study was to describe demographic parameters and characteristics of dog ownership with possible implications on human health and to evaluate the prevalence of dog bites and traffic accidents due to dogs. Interviews were conducted in the neighborhoods of Nuestras Malvinas and Nahuel Hue in San Carlos de Bariloche. The percentage of homes with at least one dog, the average number of dogs per home, the prevalence of dog bites and traffic accidents due to dogs and the general awareness of the population on dog transmitted zoonoses were estimated. Regarding ownership characteristics, the degree of sterilization, vaccination and parasite control and the percentage of dogs allowed to roam freely in public places were evaluated. A total of 141 interviews were conducted; 87% of the households had at least one dog, with an average of 2.2 dogs. In 26% of the households someone had suffered a traffic accident caused by dogs and in 41% someone had been bitten. Antiparasite treatment was administered to 83% of the dogs in the last 12 months, on average 1.4 times (recommended 6 times), 51% were sterilized, 55% were allowed to roam freely. This study shows a disturbing situation regarding the canine population of the evaluated neighborhoods. The number of dogs allowed to roam freely and the low level of parasite control and sterilization provide suitable conditions for the spread of zoonoses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Ownership/statistics & numerical data , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Animal Welfare , Argentina/epidemiology , Social Responsibility , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Interviews as Topic , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Introducción: En la comunidad no existe una adecuada percepción de riesgo ante el manejo de los productos químicos peligrosos. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción del riesgo de la comunidad en el manejo de estos productos. Métodos: Investigacón exploratoria-descriptiva realizada entre el 2012-2014. El universo lo constituyeron 1 142 practicantes sistemáticos en el manejo de productos químicos peligrosos en el área de Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén y 1 338 pertenecientes al municipio de Mantilla, ambos en La Habana. La muestra seleccionada es intencional (377), se obtuvo de forma no probabilística. Se diseñaron variables asociadas al manejo responsable de estos productos, que conjuntamente con una encuesta aglutinada con dichas variables, permitió evaluar la percepción de riesgo en el grupo humano estudiado. Resultados: La percepción del riesgo ante los productos químicos peligrosos tuvo un comportamiento similar en ambas comunidades, con valores de 1,83 para Pogolotti-Finlay-Belén y 1,84 para Mantilla, que indican una subestimación del riesgo. Las variables que más aportaron a esta subestimación fueron la baja comprensión del riesgo, la alta voluntariedad a exponerse, el bajo pánico, el bajo clima de seguridad y el bajo aporte por la composición social de la vivienda. Los grupos que tenían menor percepción de riesgo en cuanto al manejo de estos productos correspondieron a los jóvenes adultos, seguidos de los adultos. Conclusiones: En ambos grupos se identificaron dificultades en la percepción de riesgo, que develan las insuficientes acciones que inciden directamente en una mejor percepción en el manejo de los productos químicos peligrosos, donde el conocimiento, la responsabilidad, entre otros; son necesarios para garantizar una adecuada y consciente gestión(AU)
Introduction: adequate risk perception about the handling of hazardous chemicals is nonexistent at the community setting. Objective: To analyze the risk perception of the community about the handling of hazardous chemicals. Methods: Exploratory and descriptive research conducted from 2012 to 2014. The universe of study was 1 142 systematic handlers of hazardous chemicals from the Pogolotti-Finlay-Belen area and 1 338 from Mantilla neighborhood in La Habana province. The selected and intentional sample of 377 individuals was obtained in a non-probabilistic way. Several variables linked to the responsible handling of these products were designed, which together with a survey combined with such variables, allowed evaluating the risk perception in the studied human group. Results: The risk perception about hazardous chemicals behaved similarly in both communities, being 1.83 for Pogolotti-Finlay-Belen and 1.84 for Mantilla, and expressed a risk underestimation. The most contributing variables were little understanding of risk, great willingness to exposure, little panic, low safety climate and low contribution due to the social composition of dwelling. The groups that had lower risk perception were young adults and adults. Conclusions: Difficulties in risk perception were detected in both groups, which reveal that the actions having a direct impact on a better perception of handling of dangerous chemicals are insufficient, and that knowledge and responsibility, among others, are necessary to guarantee adequate and conscious management(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Groups , Risk Factors , Chemical Compounds/adverse effects , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Resumo Analisa como a inovação responsável é discutida e implementada no contexto de uma das principais ações de fomento à nanotecnologia do governo português. Por meio da teoria do ator-rede e da sociologia das ausências, investigamos o processo de coprodução do International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory para identificar como preocupações quanto ao desenvolvimento responsável têm sido implementadas ou ausentadas nas normas e práticas. O instituto foi concebido a partir de um imaginário sociotécnico que o vislumbra como unidade autônoma de produção de inovações tecnológicas voltadas exclusivamente para o aumento da competitividade num mercado global, o que tem servido como obstáculo para práticas robustas de desenvolvimento responsável.
Abstract This article analyzes how responsible innovation has been discussed and implemented in the context of one of the Portuguese government’s main activities to foster nanotechnology. Through the actor-network theory and the sociology of absences, we investigate the process of coproduction at the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory to identify how concerns about responsible development have been implemented or ignored in the rules and practices. The institute emerged from a sociotechnical imagination that views it as an autonomous unit for producing technological innovations aimed exclusively at increasing competitiveness in a global market, which has been an obstacle to the materialization of robust responsible development practices.