Uma sociedade desigual: reflexões a respeito de racismo e indicadores sociais no Brasil / An unequal society: reflections on racism and social indicators in Brazil

Resumo: A mobilidade socioeconômica de negras e negros no Brasil sempre se constituiu em um desafio. Mesmo em períodos de mais estabilidade, com ganhos no campo econômico, esse grupo permanece sub-representado em grande parte dos indicadores sociais. O racismo e suas derivações alimentam as desigualdades no país, e superar esse fenômeno significa reparar o epistemicídio, restituir as desigualdades e corrigir as injustiças históricas sofridas por essa parcela da população.

Abstract: The socioeconomic mobility of black women and men in Brazil has always been a challenge. Even in periods of greater stability, with gains in the economic field, this group remains underrepresented in most social indicators. Racism and its derivations feed inequalities in the country and overcoming this phenomenon means repairing epistemicide, restoring inequalities and correcting the historical injustices suffered by this part of the population.

Strategies and outcomes of portal vein reconstruction of liver transplantation recipient with diffuse portal vein thrombosis / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To summarize the strategies and effects of portal vein reconstruction after liver transplantation in recipients with diffuse portal vein thrombosis(PVT).Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 10 PVT patients undergoing liver transplantation(LT)from January 2014 to June 2019. There were 8 males and 2 females with a age of (50.7±10.1)years. The follow-up period was (66.3±25.8)months. Diameter of portal vein anastomosis, diameter and flow velocity of portal vein and presence of ascites were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound. And computed tomography(CT)was employed for assessing the presence of esophagogastric varices. And patency of portal vein blood flow, therapeutic outcomes of portal hypertension and survival status of recipients were evaluated.Results:Among 7 patients with diffuse PVT without enlarged collaterals, cavoportal hemitransposition( n=6) and renoportal anastomosis( n=1) were performed.Ascites subsided gradually and minimal ascites( n=4) perdisted.Variceal bleeding did not recur within 6 months.As of December 2021, portal vein blood flow remained unobstructed in 4 recipients and 3 patients died.One case of inferior vena cava thrombosis and renal injury at 3 months post operation died of multiple organ failuer at 8 months post-operation.Another patient died of recurrent hepatocarcinoma at 11 months post-operation.Another case died of stroke at 44 months post-operation.Among 3 patients with diffuse PVT complicated with enlarged collaterals, there were right gastric vein to portal vein anastomosis( n=1), gastric coronary vein to portal vein anastomosis( n=1) and pericholedochalvarix to portal anastomosis( n=1). Ascites gradually subsided within 2 months post-operation.Portal vein anastomosis thrombosis was formed 1 month after operation and racanalizated after anticogulation and thrombosis therapies in patient with gastric coronary vein to portal vein anastomosis.Upper gastroinstestinal hemorrhage occurred 36 months after operation and was relieved by endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy.Blood flow of portal vein was unobstructed in patients with right gastric vein and pericholedochalvarix to portal vein anastomosis.During the last follow-up, velocity of portal vein surpassed 20 cm/s and liver function remained normal in 7 survivors. Conclusions:For patients with complex PVT, portal vein reconstruction may ensure sufficient portal vein blood flow of graft. After operation, portal hypertension disappears and liver function normalizes.

Incorporación del enfoque de género en las sentencias de restitución de tierras proferidas en Santander - Colombia / Incorporation of the gender approach in the land restitution judgments issued in Santander - Colombia / Incorporação da perspectiva de género nas sentenças de restituição de terras em Santander - Colômbia

RESUMEN Se analiza el grado de aplicación del enfoque de género en la argumentación de las sentencias de restitución de tierras en el departamento de Santander - Colombia durante el 2018, teniendo como referente teórico y metodológico el enfoque diferencial de género. Las fuentes se abordan a partir del análisis de contenido. Se construyó un instrumento de recolección de información que permitió valorar de forma cualitativa el discurso de las decisiones judiciales de la muestra con base en los presupuestos teóricos. Como resultado se identificaron tres niveles en la incorporación del enfoque diferencial en las decisiones judiciales. Se formularon tres objetivos específicos. El primero analiza el marco teórico en materia de derechos económicos sociales y culturales para las mujeres, desde la perspectiva del enfoque diferencial de género. El segundo analiza la etapa judicial, con el fin de evaluar la forma en que se incorporó el enfoque diferencial de género. Y el tercero valora, en la etapa posterior al fallo, la efectividad de la política de restitución de tierras en los casos objeto de estudio. El resultado de investigación que aquí se presenta expone los hallazgos del cumplimiento del segundo objetivo. Se puede concluir que, a pesar de los avances logrados en algunos casos con la incorporación del enfoque de reconocimiento de derechos y medidas de reparación para las mujeres, es necesario seguir capacitando a los jueces en este enfoque, para promover decisiones con potencial para transformar las injusticias estructurales vinculadas al género, que viven las mujeres.

ABSTRACT The degree of application of the gender approach in the argumentation of land restitution sentences in the department of Santander - Colombia during 2018 is analyzed, having the gender differential approach as a theoretical and methodological reference. The sources are approached from the content analysis. A data collection instrument was constructed to qualitatively assess the discourse of the judicial decisions of the sample based on the theoretical assumptions. As a result, three levels were identified in the incorporation of the differential approach in judicial decisions. Three specific objectives were formulated. The first analyzes the theoretical framework in the area of economic, social and cultural rights for women, from the perspective of the gender differential approach. The second analyzes the judicial stage, in order to evaluate the way in which the gender differential approach was incorporated. The third evaluates, in the post-judgment stage, the effectiveness of the land restitution policy in the cases under study. The research result presented here presents the findings of the fulfillment of the second objective. It can be concluded that, despite the progress achieved in some cases with the incorporation of the approach of recognition of rights and reparation measures for women, it is necessary to continue training judges in this approach, in order to promote decisions with the potential to transform the gender-related structural injustices experienced by women.

RESUMO O grau de aplicação da abordagem de género na argumentação das sentenças de restituição de terras no departamento de Santander -Colômbia durante 2018 é analisado, tomando como referência teórica e metodológica a abordagem diferencial de género. As fontes são abordadas a partir da análise do conteúdo. Foi construído um instrumento de recolha de dados para avaliar qualitativamente o discurso das decisões judiciais da amostra, com base nos pressupostos teóricos. Como resultado, foram identificados três níveis na incorporação da abordagem diferencial nas decisões judiciais. Foram formulados três objectivos específicos. A primeira analisa o quadro teórico na área dos direitos económicos, sociais e culturais das mulheres, a partir da perspectiva da abordagem diferencial de género. A segunda analisa a fase judicial, a fim de avaliar a forma como a abordagem diferencial de género foi incorporada. E a terceira avalia, na fase de pós-julgamento, a eficácia da política de restituição de terras nos casos em estudo. O resultado da investigação aqui apresentado apresenta os resultados do cumprimento do segundo objectivo. Pode-se concluir que, apesar dos progressos alcançados em alguns casos com a incorporação de um enfoque no reconhecimento dos direitos e medidas de reparação para as mulheres, é necessário continuar a formar juízes nesta abordagem a fim de promover decisões com potencial para transformar as injustiças estruturais relacionadas com o género vividas pelas mulheres.

Historias de historias: la restitución y sus impactos / Stories of history: restitution and its impacts

En este trabajo abordamos como la Historia se cruza con las pequeñas historias en cada restitución. La restitución es puesta en juego, cada vez, en ellas y la nominación que ha acontecido se conmueve al reanudarse el nudo de la filiación con cada restitución

In this essay we work on how History intersects small stories in each restitution. The filiation is put into play, and the nomination that has taken place is shaken when the knot of filiation is rearmed with each restitution

Afirmando um éthos de pesquisador em saúde: processos participativos de restituição de resultados de pesquisas / Affirming an ethos of health researchers: participatory processes of research results restitution / Afirmando un ethos de investigador en salud: procedimientos participativos de restitución de resultados de investigación

Resumo Este estudo procurou abrir discussão metodológica nas pesquisas em saúde a partir de mal-estar provocado por diretriz dominante, para a qual há uma realidade pronta a ser desvendada, cabendo ao pesquisador acessá-la. Descrevemos um cultivo do processo investigativo por meio da devolutiva de resultados de pesquisa epidemiológica em hospitais públicos no Rio de Janeiro, entre 2010 e 2013. A devolutiva privilegiou o diálogo com trabalhadores da enfermagem segundo o conceito de restituição da análise institucional. Realizamos grupos de discussão de resultados e encontros de saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem, reunindo gestores e trabalhadores na pactuação de ações no campo da saúde do trabalhador. A participação desses atores transformou modos de pesquisar-intervir, considerando que práticas em saúde se fazem no encontro entre sujeitos. Mediante ferramentas comumente usadas para informação dos resultados, caminhamos da devolução meramente informativa à restituição participativa. Ao forjar de forma coletiva o processo de restituição, tensionamos pesquisas que tomam de forma dicotômica relações pesquisador-pesquisado, entendendo que metodologias e instrumentos surgem num processo de coengendramento. Tratou-se de transformar preocupações éticas dos pesquisadores em saúde em um éthos de pesquisador em saúde, segundo entendimento de que a pesquisa acontece no coletivo, que inclui pesquisadores e pesquisados na produção de um comum.

Abstract The article opens a methodological discussion on health research prompted by discomfort caused by dominant directrix for which there is a reality ready to be unveiled, and the expectation is that the researcher will access it. We describe a cultivation of an investigative process by means of the return of results of an epidemiological research in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2010 and 2013. The return prioritized dialogue with the nursing teams, framed by the concept of restitution, from French Institutional Analysis. We discussion groups on findings and meetings on nursing workers' health that brought together hospital managers and workers to agree measures on worker's health field. Participation by all stakeholders changed manners of researching and intervening, on the basis that health practices are produced in encounters among subjects. Drawing on tools commonly used only to report fin-dings, we walked from the merely informative return to participative restitution. In shaping the return process collectively, the intention was to challenge researches such as those that consider a dichotomy between researchers and researched, since we consider that methodologies and instruments arise in process of co-engenderment. In that respect, it comes to transform health researchers ' ethical concerns into a health researchers' ethos, from the understanding that research happens in the collective, which includes researchers and researched in the production of a common.

Resumen El artículo abre una discusión metodológica en las investigaciones del área de la salud a partir del mal estar causado por la directriz dominante, existiendo una realidad preparada para ser revelada, cuyo acceso le compete al investigador. A través de la restitución de resultados, describimos el desarrollo del proceso investigativo hecho en Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2010 y 2013. Dicha restitución favoreció el diálogo con los trabajadores de enfermería a partir del concepto de restitución del Análisis Institucional Francés. Con el fin de establecer acciones en pro de los trabajadores, organizamos grupos de discusión de resultados y encuentros sobre la salud del trabajador de enfermería, reuniendo a los gestores de los hospitales y a los trabajadores. La participación de todos los actores transformó el método de investigación-intervención, teniendo en cuenta que las prácticas en el área de la salud se llevan a cabo entre sujetos. Hemos desarrollado resultados en el campo de la salud del trabajador a partir de las herramientas comúnmente utilizadas para la información de resultados. Al concebir colectivamente el proceso de restitución, realizamos investigaciones que toman, de forma dicotómica, relaciones tales como investigador-investigado, ya que entendemos que las metodologías y las herramientas surgen en el proceso de engendramiento conjunto. En este sentido, se trata de transformar las preocupaciones éticas de los investigadores de la salud, en un ethos del investigador de la salud, desde el entendimiento de que la investigación se lleva a cabo en el colectivo, que incluye a investigadores e investigado en la producción de un campo común.

Testimonio, segunda victimización y reparación. Movilización feminista frente a un caso de violación sexual en la Universidad / Testemunho, segunda vitimização e reparação. Mobilização feminista face a um caso de estupro na Universidade / Testimony, secondary victimization and restitution. Feminist mobilization in the face of a case of rape in the University

Resumen: El testimonio es un recurso subjetivo, jurídico y social, que ha sido utilizado por personas afectadas por violencia de género para romper el silencio, hacer frente a la segunda victimización ante autoridades en el ámbito universitario y/o judicial, y propiciar medidas para reparación del daño. En particular, se analiza en este artículo un caso de violación sexual denunciado por una alumna de posgrado en contra de un estudiante del mismo nivel de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, de 2014 a 2016. También se abordan las acciones de un grupo de activistas universitarias que visibilizaron en tres ocasiones el testimonio de la afectada por medio de redes sociales y formas de protesta, dentro y fuera de la Universidad.

Resumo: O testemunho é um recurso subjetivo, jurídico e social que tem sido utilizado por pessoas afetadas por violência de gênero para quebrar o silêncio, enfrentar a segunda vitimização ante autoridades no âmbito universitário e/ou judicial e propiciar medidas para reparação do dano. Particularmente, é analisado um caso de estupro denunciado por uma aluna de pós-graduação contra outro estudante, na Universidade Nacional Autónoma do México, entre 2014 e 2016. Ademais, este trabalho abrange as ações de um grupo de ativistas que visibilizaram o testemunho da afetada por meio de redes sociais e outras formas de protesto dentro e fora da universidade.

Abstract: A testimony is a subjective, legal and social resource which has been employed by those affected by gender violence to break the silence, to confront secondary victimization at the hands of university and/or legal authorities, and to promote restitution measures. In particular, this article analyzes a case of rape reported by a graduate student against a student at the same level of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, from 2014 to 2016. It also addresses the actions of a group of activists who visiblized through social networks in three distinct occasions the testimony and other forms of protest, inside and outside the University.

Clinical application of perforator flap in defects after wide resection of tumor in perineal region / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#Reconstruction of defects after wide resection of tumor in perineal region is challenging because the defects are extensive and complex. In this report, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical experience of perineal reconstruction in last 6 years, to evaluate the value of clinical application of perforator flaps in defects of perineal region.@*Methods@#From January 2011 to December 2016, 32 cases of perineal cancer were treated by radical extensive excision, with defects repaired with perforator flaps. The size of perineal defects was between 8 cm×4 cm-20 cm× 20 cm, 52 perforator flaps were used for perineum reconstruction.@*Results@#All of the defects achieved tension-free closure. All the flaps were survived and healed with first intention except two infection and minor wound dehiscence cases. Both cases healing after dressing and secondary suture. There were no donor-site complications. During an average follow-up of 11.1 months (range, 10-12 months), the reconstructed areas achieved good functional and cosmetic outcomes.@*Conclusions@#Perineum reconstruction with perforator flaps following total radical extensive excision leads to good result in patients with perineal cancer. It can achieve tension-free closure and produces almost normal appearance and function of the perineum.

Restitución del procedimiento de Hartmann por vía laparoscópica: análisis de nuestra experiencia en el Hospital Maciel de Montevideo, Uruguay, Clínicas Quirúrgicas 2 y 3 de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de la República (UDELAR) / Restitution of the Hartmann procedure by laparoscopic: analysis of our experience at the Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay, Surgical Clinics 2 and 3, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic (UDELAR)

Resumen Antecedentes: Descrito hace casi 100 años, el procedimiento de Hartmann sigue vigente y es una conducta clásica para el manejo del colon izquierdo en la urgencia. La restitución del tránsito intestinal proporciona una importante mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, sin embargo, la elevada morbimortalidad del procedimiento hace que solo la mitad de ellos se reconstruyan. La restitución del Hartmann laparoscópica ofrece las ventajas de los procedimientos mínimamente invasivos con morbimortalidad comparable a la cirugía convencional. Objetivos: Analizar la técnica quirúrgica y los resultados de una serie de pacientes en los cuales se realizó la restitución de Hartmann laparoscópica. Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva realizada entre marzo de 2002 y enero de 2017. La población pertenece a las Clínicas Quirúrgicas 2 y 3 del Hospital Maciel, Facultad de Medicina UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay. Resultados: Se operaron 29 pacientes: 10 mujeres y 19 hombres. Las enfermedades más frecuentes que determinaron el Hartmann estuvieron vinculadas a enfermedad diverticular (37,93%) u oncológica (34,48%). El tiempo mínimo transcurrido entre el Hartmann y la reconstrucción fue de 4 meses. Los tiempos operatorios variaron entre 107 y 240 min. El porcentaje de conversión fue del 24,1%. Ocurrieron complicaciones mayores en el 6,90% y menores en el 13,79%. No hubo fallas de sutura. La estadía hospitalaria fue de 5,57 días. La mortalidad fue del 3,45%. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados concuerdan con la literatura internacional, la restitución del Hartmann laparoscópica es un procedimiento exigente pero factible, seguro y que otorga al paciente los beneficios de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva.

Abstract Background: Described almost 100 years ago, the Hartmann procedure is still valid, being the classical behavior adopted for the management of the left colon in the emergency room. The restitution of the intestinal transit provides an important improvement in the quality of life of the patients, nevertheless given the high morbimortality, only half is reconstructed. Laparoscopic Hartmann restitution offers all the advantages of minimally invasive procedures with morbidity and mortality comparable to conventional surgery. Objectives: Analyze surgical technique and the results of a series of patients in whom laparoscopic Hartmann restitution was performed. Material and methods: Retrospective review was conducted between March 2002 and January 2017. The population belongs to the Surgical Clinics of the Maciel Hospital ('Q2' and 'Q3'), UDELAR Medical School, Montevideo, Uruguay. Results: Twenty-nine patients were operated: 10 women and 19 men. The most frequent pathologies that determined the Hartmann were linked to diverticular pathology (37.93%) or oncological (34.48%). The minimum time elapsed between the Hartmann and the reconstruction was 4 months. The operative times ranged from 107 to 240 min. The conversion rate was 24.1%. Major complications occurred in 6.90% and minor complications in 13.79%. There was no anastomotic leak. The hospital stay was 5.57 days. The mortality rate was 3.45%. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the international literature, laparoscopic Hartmann restitution is a demanding but feasible, safe procedure that gives the patient the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Taohong Siwu Decoction in Adjuvant Therapy of Traumatic Fracture: A Systematic Review / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the therapeutic efficacy and safety of modified Taohong siwu decoction in adjuvant therapy of traumatic fracture,and to provide evidence-based reference in clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD,CBM,Wanfang database and PubMed,related studies about fracture restitution combined with modified Taohong siwu decoction (trial group) vs.fracture restitution alone (control group) in the treatment of traumatic fracture were collected.Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software after data extraction and quality evaluation according to Cochrane systematic review.RESULTS:A total of 6 RCTs and 3 clinical control trials were included,involving 929 patients.Meta-analysis showed that clinical total response rate [RR =1.35,95 ％ Cl (1.24,1.47),P ＜ 0.001] and the incidence of gastrointestinal ADR [RR =5.59,95 ％ Cl (1.30,24.14),P=0.02] in trial group were significantly higher than control group;symptom and sign score [MD =-5.50,95 ％ Cl(-6.45,-4.54),P＜0.001],erythrocyte sedimentation [MD=-13.78,95％ Cl(-15.97,-11.60),P＜0.01],whole blood viscosity [MD=-1.03,95％Cl(-1.11,-0.95),P＜0.001],plasma viscosity [MD=-0.24,95％Cl(-0.27,-0.21),P＜0.01],hematocrit [MD=-12.12,95％Cl(-13.37,-10.86),P＜0.01] and erythrocyte electrophoresis time [MD=-7.12,95％Cl(-7.88,-6.35),P＜ 0.01] of trial group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:For adjunctive therapy of traumatic fracture,modified Taohong siwu decoction can improve clinical efficacy,reduce the inflammatory reaction, improve blood rheology but aggravate gastrointestinal reaction.

Juguemos a los nudos a los nudos con P: consideraciones sobre el padre nombrante en un caso de apropiación / Let's play to the knots with P: considerations on the fathes nombrante in a case of appropriation / restitution

La apropiación de niños puso en jaque la cuestión de la filiación y el lugar del padre. La noción de nominación, presentada por Lacan en el Seminario 22, permite discutir el modo en que se presenta la cuestión del padre en los casos de apropiación de menores. La novedad que Lacan introduce en este seminario es que esa versión del padre ­père-version- que anuda a los hijos y a las generaciones, posibilitando el lazo social, puede ser una nominación imaginaria, simbólica o real: cuarto anillo que mantiene unidos a los tres registros. Se trata de la anticipación del concepto de sinthome introducido por Lacan en su seminario siguiente como reparación del lapsus del nudo. El presente trabajo discute estos complejos temas a partir del tratamiento terapéutico de una niña que fue objeto de apropiación ilegal por parte de la dictadura militar Argentina de 1976-1983.

Children\'s appropriation questioned the subject of filiation and the place of the father. The idea of nomination, presented by Lacan in the Seminar 22, allows to discuss the way in which one presents the issue of the father in cases of minor\'s appropriation. The innovation that Lacan introduces in this seminar is that this version of the father - père-version- that knots the children and the generations, making the social bow possible, can be an imaginary, symbolic or real nomination: a fourth ring, that keeps joined three dimensions. In this way Lacan anticipates the concept of sinthome introduced in his following seminar as a repair of the knot's failure. The present paper discusses these complex subjects based on the therapeutic treatment of a girl who was appropriated by the military argentine dictatorship 1976-1983.

Pesquisando com professores: a centralidade do diário de campo e da restituição em uma pesquisa-intervenção / Researching with teachers: the field diary and restitution's importance in the intervention research

A pesquisa "Pesquisando com Professores: a relação mídia e cotidiano escolar" analisou com 25 professores de uma escola pública estadual de Fortaleza a relação entre mídia e cotidiano escolar. Como dispositivo de pesquisa foi criado o curso de extensão "Diálogos Escolares: Mídia e Cotidiano Escolar". Com base em Michel Foucault (1987) acerca do poder disciplinar presente na educação escolar e em Gilles Deleuze (1990) sobre as novas formas de controle em que participam a mídia, a pesquisa discute, em última instância, a função social da escola na contemporaneidade, problematizando a mídia como vetor de subjetivação no cotidiano escolar e no fazer pedagógico. No presente artigo colocamos em análise a metodologia da pesquisa, dando ênfase à centralidade do "diário de campo" e da "restituição". Trabalharemos também o conceito de pesquisa-intervenção e sua implicação prática como estratégia da pesquisa com a escola. Discutiremos o uso do diário de campo como uma ferramenta facilitadora de vínculo e de construção de dados necessário para ressignificação da mesma. Destacaremos a restituição como o momento necessário para criarmos um campo de análise coletiva. Por fim, apresentaremos a importância dessas ferramentas para todo o processo de construção da nossa pesquisa.

The search "Searching with teachers: media relations and school routine" has analyzed with 25 teachers from a public school in Fortaleza, the relationship between media and school routine. As a research device was created the extension course "School Dialogues: Media and School Daily Life". Based on Michel Foucault (1987) on the disciplinary power present in school education and Gilles Deleuze (1990) on new ways to control the media involved, the research argues, ultimately, the school's social function in contemporary, questioning the media as subjectivity vector in everyday school life and pedagogical work. In this paper we put in question the research methodology, emphasizing the centrality of the diary and restitution. We will also work the concept of intervention research and its practical implication as research strategy with the school. We will discuss the use of the diary as a facilitating tool bond and construction data needed to reframe the same. We highlight restitution as the necessary time to create a collective analysis field. Finally, we will present the importance of these tools for the entire process of building our research.

Physical characteristics related to potential sports injuries: Comparison of lacrosse ball and baseball / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the differences in physical characteristics of lacrosse balls and baseballs, so as to investigate the potential sports injuries caused by lacrosse balls. Methods Twelve lacrosse balls and 12 baseballs were used as testing samples. All testing balls were under conditioning control for 24 h to make sure temperature and humidity were consistent before measurement. The physical characteristics such as ball weight, circumference, compression-displacement and restitution coefficient were measured, respectively. Independent-sample t-test was used to compare the differences in lacrosse balls and baseballs. Results The lacrosse ball weighted (144.65±0.29) g, and its circumference, compression-displacement, and restitution coefficient were (19.97±0.02) cm, (91.76±1.23) kg and (0.633±0.011), respectively. The baseball weighted (146.12±0.45) g, and its circumference, compression-displacement and restitution coefficient were (23.20 ± 0.06) cm, (124.76±1.68) kg, and (0.528 ± 0.005), respectively. The lacrosse balls are significantly smaller in weight, circumference and compression-displacement than the baseballs (P<0.05). The restitution coefficient was significantly greater than baseballs (P<0.05). Conclusions The physical characteristics of lacrosse balls are in compliance with international standard. However, lacrosse balls have the same risk of causing serious injuries as baseballs. To reduce the risk of sports injuries, it is recommended that the specification of lacrosse balls need to be classified for different age and skill levels.

Structured Dietary Management Dramatically Improves Marked Transaminitis, Metabolic and Clinical Profiles in Glycogen Storage Disease Type IXa

Abstract Glycogen storage disease type IXa (GSD IXa) presents in childhood with hepatomegaly, poor growth, and ketotic hypoglycemia. Clinical course is usually mild, often not requiring treatment with attenuation of symptoms with increasing age. The phenotypic spectrum has recently expanded to include more severe involvement with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis warranting dietary therapy. We report a 2-year-old boy with a severe phenotype of GSD IXa presenting with a massive hepatomegaly, significant transaminitis, recurrent ketotic hypoglycemia, and short stature. Aggressive dietary management with regular feeds, frequent uncooked cornstarch doses, and protein supplementation resulted in clinical improvements including enhanced growth velocity, energy levels, overall well-being, and reduction in hepatomegaly with restitutions in biochemical parameters. We concur with a recent report which proposed that GSD IXa is not always a mild condition but instead part of an expanding phenotypic spectrum warranting intensive dietary management to optimize metabolic control and quality of life.

El destino de las marcas. Algunas consideraciones sobre la apropiación de niños / The destination of the brands. Some considerations on the children's appropriation

El presente escrito expone algunas líneas de trabajo del proyecto de Beca de Culminación de Doctorado que lleva por título Identidad y Nominación. Abordaje del problema de la identidad en los casos de apropiación/restitución de niños en la Argentina, con el objeto de avanzar en la precisión del estatuto de las marcas que el apropiador transmite al apropiado y las condiciones de estructuración de un sujeto en ese contexto. Indagamos aquí el destino de las marcas de la apropiación con el fin de abordar el problema de la identidad en los sujetos apropiados: durante el período de la apropiación y en el momento de la eventual restitución. Tomaremos para ello un caso clínico, el caso P., una niña de dos años apropiada en 1978, durante el terrorismo de estado en la Argentina.

This paper exposes some work lines of the project of Culmination of Doctoral Grant: Identity and Naming. Approach to the problem of identity in appropriation/restitution cases in the Argentina, in order to advance in the elucidation of the statute of the marks that the appropriator transmits to the appropriated and the conditions of structure of a subjectivity in this context. We investigate here the destiny of the marks of the appropriation in order to approach the problem of the identity in the appropriated subjects: during the period of the appropriation and in the moment of the eventual restitution. We will take for it a clinical case, the case P., appropriated two years old girl in 1978, during Argentina state terrorism.

Restitución intestinal precoz para el manejo integral de pacientes sometidos a ostomía derivativa / Early intestinal restitution for integral management of patients undergoing derivative ostomy

Analizar la factibilidad de la generalización de este procedimiento y las ventajas del mismo. Métodos:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal, en el cual se incluyeron 6 pacientes entre 28 y 76 años, con enfermedad de Fournier por distintas etiologías, aparte, algunos con comorbilidades, intervenidos en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Luis Razetti, desde junio de 2013 hasta junio de 2015. El procedimiento consiste en la restitución precoz posterior a una colostomía protectora por una lesión en la región genitoperineal resuelta. El tiempo promedio dela restitución fue de 18 días. Resultados:Seis pacientes con una media de 50 años, 83% masculino y 17% femenino. Antecedentes quirúrgicos de lesiones genitoperineales por distintas causas. Del total de pacientes el 50% padecían DM II; 83,3% presentaron cultivos positivos. Se tomó en cuenta la albúmina sérica para la anastomosis la cual fue término terminal en todos los pacientes. En el 50% de los pacientes se dejó abierta la herida de la piel para un cierre por segunda intención, ya que la principal complicación fue infección del sitio quirúrgico, un 17% de complicaciones crónicas.El tiempo promedio fue de 70 minutos en la primera cirugía y 80 minutos la cirugía definitiva. Se inició la vía oral en el 50% de los pacientes dentro de las primeras 72 horas. Conclusión:La restitución intestinal precoz se considera un procedimiento quirúrgico simple, sin embargo es una intervención relacionada con elevada morbilidad, más aun cuando existen comorbilidades como la diabetes mellitus(AU)

To analyze the feasibility of the generalization of this procedure and its advantages. Methods:We conducted a descriptive, retrospective and transversal study, which included 6 patients between 28 and 76 years, with Fournier disease by different etiologies, aside, some with comorbidities, operated in the Service of Surgery of the Hospital Luis Razetti, from June 2013 until June 2015. The procedure consists of early return back to a protective colostomy by a lesion in the resolute perineal genital region. The average time of the refund was 18 days. Results:Six patients with an average of 50 years, 83% male and 17% female. There was a surgical history of perineal genital injuries for various reasons. Of the total of patients 50% had DM II; 83.3% were positive. It took into account the serum albumin for anastomosis, which was end to end in all patients. In 50% of patients the skin for a close wound left open by second intention, since the main complication was infection of the surgical site, 17% of chronic complications. The average time was 70 minutes in the first surgery and 80 minutes definitive surgery. It was started the oral route in 50% of patients within 72 hours. Conclusion:Early intestinal restitution is considered a simple surgical procedure; it is however an intervention associated with high morbidity, even more so when there are comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus(AU)

Restitución, repatriación y normativa ética y legal en el manejo de restos humanos aborígenes en Argentina / Restituição, repatriação e norma ética e legal no manejo de restos humanos arborígenes na Argentina / Restitution, repatriation, and legal and ethical normatives in handling aboriginal human remains in Argentina

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el ayer y el hoy del manejo de los restos humanos de comunidades aborígenes. Con este fin, se indagan los casos de tres museos argentinos que, a través de la historia, fueron adoptando distintas posturas y políticas respecto al tema: el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata, El Museo Ambrosetti, las Momias de Llullaillaco, así como las normativas legales y éticas concernientes al tema. El objetivo último del trabajo es llamar a la reflexión sobre temas como la restitución, la repatriación de restos humanos y el reconocimiento de los derechos de los pueblos originarios.

This paper analyzes previous and current practices in handling human remains from aboriginal communities. The cases of three Argentinian museums are analyzed which adopted different practices throughout history: Natural Sciences Museum of La Plata, the Ambrosetti Museum, the Llullaillaco mummies, along with ethical and legal norms. The ultimate goal of the work is to draw attention to topics such as restitution, repatriation and the recognition of the rights of aboriginal peoples.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o ontem e o hoje do manejo dos restos humanos de comunidades arborígenes. Com esta finalidade, são questionados os casos de três museus argentinos que através da história foram adotando distintas posturas e políticas a respeito do tema: o Museu de Ciências Naturais da Plata, o Museu Ambrosetti, as Múmias de Llullaillaco, assim como as normas legais e éticas concernentes ao tema. O objetivo último do trabalho é chamar a reflexão sobre temas como a restituição, a repatriação de restos humanos e o reconhecimento dos direitos dos povos originários.

MODELO PARAMÉTRICO DE LA ACTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA CELULAR CARDIACA ESTIMADO A PARTIR DE REGISTROS ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICOS ESTÁNDARES / PARAMETRICAL MODEL OF CARDIAC CELL ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM STANDARD ELECTROCARDIOGRAM RECORDINGS

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal relacionar la actividad eléctrica cardiaca celular con la actividad eléctrica cardiaca medida en una sola derivación del electrocardiograma (ECG), mediante un modelo paramétrico de potencial de acción (PA) celular, lo cual se llevó a cabo relacionando dinámicas conocidas, matemáticamente modelables, que existen a nivel de una célula cardiaca, a dinámicas que pueden ser encontradas en un registro ECG estándar. La principal dinámica celular a relacionar con el ECG es la conocida como curva de restitución celular en tres dimensiones, la cual relaciona la duración del potencial de acción celular (APD) con el intervalo diastólico que lo precede y con el mismo APD pero del ciclo cardiaco precedente. Curvas de restitución similares se encontraron en señales ECG registradas durante el test isométrico handgrip, relacionando el intervalo QT con el intervalo TQ que lo precede y con el intervalo QT del ciclo cardiaco precedente. Siguiendo esta similitud, un modelo paramétrico de curva de restitución, extraído de un modelo de PA a tres corrientes iónicas, es ajustado a la curva de restitución del ECG con el fin de estimar los parámetros del modelo de PA. Este modelo es finalmente simulado estimulándolo con un tren de impulsos de frecuencia igual a la frecuencia cardiaca del sujeto experimentado. Los resultados muestran que la curva de restitución obtenida experimentalmente a partir del ECG es similar a la obtenida a partir de la simulación del modelo de PA. Más aún, el APD simulado del modelo sigue de forma satisfactoria la variación en el tiempo del intervalo QT del sujeto experimentado. Esto abre nuevas perspectivas en el análisis de la actividad celular a partir de registros ECG estándar.

The main purpose of this paper is to relate cellular cardiac electrical activity with the cardiac electrical activity measured in only one electrocardiogram (ECG) lead, through a cellular action potential (AP) parametrical model. This is performed by relating known dynamics, which can be mathematically modeled, existing at a cardiac cell level, to dynamics which can be obtained from a standard ECG recording. The main cellular dynamic used for relating with the ECG is the one known as three dimensional cellular restitution curve, which relates the action potential duration (APD) with its preceding diastolic interval and with the APD of the preceding cardiac cycle. Similar restitution curves were found in ECG signals recorded under the isometric handgrip test by relating the QT interval with its preceding TQ interval and with the QT interval of the preceding cardiac cycle. Following this similarity, a parametrical restitution curve, derived from a three ionic current cellular AP model was fitted to the ECG restitution relation for AP model parameter estimation. This model is finally simulated by stimulating it with an impulse train of frequency similar to the heart rate of the tested subject. The results show that the restitution curve experimentally obtained from the ECG is similar to the one obtained from de AP model simulation. Moreover the simulated APD follows satisfactorily the QT interval time variation of the tested subject. This opens new perspectives for the analysis of cellular cardiac electrical activity from standard ECG recordings.

Repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in a mouse model of sepsis / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:The intestine is not only the main target attacked by sepsis but also the vital organ which mediated sepsis. The recovery of the damaged intestinal barrier structure and function is related to the occurrence and outcome of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). How to protect and reduce the damage of the intestinal mucosa and how to promote the reconstruction of the intestinal mucosa have been the important topics in sepsis for many years. This study aimed to investigate the influential factors of intestinal mucosal reconstruction after intestinal epithelial injuryin vivo in a mouse model of sepsis.METHODS:Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for induction of sepsis to assess intestinal mucosal damage, epithelial cell apoptosis, and transformed number of goblet cells, and to detect the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1 and TGF-β1 and TFF3 (trefoil factor 3) expression in the small intestinal mucosa. All above were performed by HE staining, western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry respectively. The experimental animals were divided into a sepsis group and a sham-operation group. The animals with sepsis were separately killed at 6 (7 animals), 24 (7 animals) and 48 hours (7 animals) after CLP.RESULTS:Injured intestinal mucosa was observed in the 3 groups under a light microscope, in which damage scores in the 24-hour and 48-hour groups were higher than in the 6-hour group and no difference was found between the two groups. Moreover, less of goblet cells or other epithelial cells adjacent to the injured surface migrated into the wound to cover the denuded area. The number of goblet cells was substantially decreased in the three CLP groups compared with the sham-operation group. Protein levels of IL-1 and TNF-α were significantly increased by 3-4 fold at all time points when compared with the sham-operation group, and cleaved caspase-3 by 4 fold. Although TFF3 expression was modestly increased for 6 hours after the onset of CLP, it appeared to decline at 24 hours and 48 hours as shown by Western blot. A similar tendency was observed upon TGF-β1, i.e. the protein level was not elevated at 24 hours and 48 hours, but increased modestly at 6 hours.CONCLUSIONS:Sepsis from CLP shows less restitution on the surface of injured intestinal mucosa. There is evidence that both constant inflammatory reaction and epithelial cell apoptosis may affect mucosal reestablishment of the intestine at the onset of sepsis. Mucosa after severe sepsis showed the state of high inflammation, and declined goblet cell function and mucosal reconstruction, which affected the repair of damaged intestinal barrier. Constant inflammatory reaction, and declined goblet cell function and mucosal reconstruction ability may affect the reestablishment of intestinal mucosa at the onset of sepsis.

Advances in mechano-biological behavior of peridontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a very complicate mechano-biological procedure which is accomplished by the remodeling of periodontal tissues via orthodontic force.As the connective tissue between alveolar bone and cementum,periodontal ligament plays a vital role in the response and conduction of orthodontic force.The susceptible response of periodontal ligament to orthodontic force during OTM is a critical factor on inducing and modulating periodontal tissue restitution.This article reviews the concrete role of periodontal ligament and its mechano-biological behavior during OTM,discusses its mechanical response and biological mechanism respectively on histological,cellular and moleucular levels.

Role of the Alternans of Action Potential Duration and Aconitine-Induced Arrhythmias in Isolated Rabbit Hearts

Under conditions of Na+ channel hyperactivation with aconitine, the changes in action potential duration (APD) and the restitution characteristics have not been well defined in the context of aconitine-induced arrhythmogenesis. Optical mapping of voltage using RH237 was performed with eight extracted rabbit hearts that were perfused using the Langendorff system. The characteristics of APD restitution were assessed using the steady-state pacing protocol at baseline and 0.1 microM aconitine concentration. In addition, pseudo-ECG was analyzed at baseline, and with 0.1 and 1.0 microM of aconitine infusion respectively. Triggered activity was not shown in dose of 0.1 microM aconitine but overtly presented in 1.0 microM of aconitine. The slopes of the dynamic APD restitution curves were significantly steeper with 0.1 microM of aconitine than at baseline. With aconitine administration, the cycle length of initiation of APD alternans was significantly longer than at baseline (287.5 +/- 9.6 vs 247.5 +/- 15.0 msec, P = 0.016). The functional reentry following regional conduction block appears with the progression of APD alternans. Ventricular fibrillation is induced reproducibly at pacing cycle length showing a 2:1 conduction block. Low-dose aconitine produces arrhythmogenesis at an increasing restitution slope with APD alternans as well as regional conduction block that proceeds to functional reentry.