Restauração indireta em resina composta: um relato de prontuário / Indirect resin composite restoration: a dental record report

Restaurações diretas em resina composta são amplamente utilizadas em odontologia para restaurar dentes posteriores. Todavia, quando há grande destruição coronária, onde a distância do istmo excede dois terços da distância intercuspídea, as restaurações indiretas em resina composta são indicadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar a análise de um prontuário de um paciente que recebeu uma restauração indireta em resina composta em dente posterior amplamente destruído. Através da análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos nas disciplinas de Estágios Supervisionados do Curso de Odontologia da FSG Centro Universitário no ano de 2023, foi selecionado um prontuário de um paciente que compareceu a clínica odontológica da FSG com uma restauração em amálgama fraturada com reparo em resina composta que apresentou sintomatologia dolorosa. O procedimento diagnóstico ocorreu através de exame clínico e radiográfico, que constatou a indicação de substituição da restauração insatisfatória e realização de uma restauração indireta em resina composta. Os resultados estéticos e funcionais apresentados demostraram a viabilidade da técnica restauradora indireta em resina composta para reabilitar dentes posteriores com ampla destruição coronária(AU)

Direct composite resin restoration are widely used in dentistry to restore posterior teeth. However, when there is large coronary destruction, that the distance from the isthmus exceeds two- thirds of the intercuspal distance, indirect composite resin restorations are indicated. This study aimed to report the analysis of a dental record of a patient who received an indirect restoration in composite resin in a badly destroyed posterior tooth. Through the analysis of dental records of patients seen in the disciplines of Supervised Internship of the Dentistry Course at FSG Centro Universitário in the year 2023, the dental record of a patient who attended the FSG dental clinic with fractured amalgam restoration with composite resin repair was selected who had painful symptoms. The diagnostic procedure took place through clinical and radiographic examination, which revealed the indication of replacing the unsatisfactory restoration and carrying out an indirect restoration in composite resin.The aesthetic and functional results presented demonstrated the viability of the indirect composite resin restoration technique for rehabilitating posterior teeth with extensive coronal destruction(AU)

Stress distribution in peri-implant bone, implants, and prostheses: 3D-FEA of marginal bone loss and prosthetic design / Distribuição de estresse no osso peri-implantar, implantes e próteses: análise 3D-FEA de perda óssea marginal e design protético

Objective: In response to the demand for dental implants, extensive research has been conducted on methods for transferring load to the surrounding bone. This study aimed to evaluate the stresses on the peripheral bone, implants, and prostheses under scenarios involving of the following variables: prosthesis designs, vertical bone heights, load angles, and restorative materials. Material and Methods: Three implants were inserted in the premolar and molar regions (5-6-7) of the two mandibular models. Model 1 represented 0 mm marginal bone loss and Model 2 simulated 3 mm bone loss. CAD/CAM-supported materials, hybrid ceramic (HC), resin-nano ceramic (RNC), lithium disilicate (LiSi), zirconia (Zr), and two prosthesis designs (splinted and non-splinted) were used for the implant-supported crowns. Forces were applied vertically (90°) to the central fossa and buccal cusps and obliquely (30°) to the buccal cusps only. The stresses were evaluated using a three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis. Results: Oblique loading resulted in the highest stress values. Of the four materials, RNC showed the low stress in the restoration, particularly in the marginal area. The use of different restorative materials did not affect stress distribution in the surrounding bone. The splinted prostheses generated lower stress magnitude on the bone, and while more stress on the implants were observed. Conclusion: In terms of the stress distribution on the peri-implant bone and implants, the use of different restorative materials is not important. Oblique loading resulted in higher stress values, and the splinted prosthesis design resulted in lower stress (AU)

Objetivo: Em resposta à demanda por implantes dentários, extensa pesquisa foi realizada sobre métodos para transferir carga ao osso circundante. Este estudo buscou avaliar os estresses no osso periférico, implantes e próteses em cenários que envolvem as seguintes variáveis: designs de próteses, alturas ósseas verticais, ângulos de carga e materiais restauradores. Material e Métodos: Três implantes foram inseridos nas regiões dos pré-molares e molares (5-6-7) de dois modelos de mandíbula. O Modelo 1 representou perda óssea marginal de 0 mm e o Modelo 2 simulou perda óssea de 3 mm. Materiais suportados por CAD/CAM, cerâmica híbrida (HC), cerâmica nano-resina (RNC), dissilicato de lítio (LiSi), zircônia (Zr) e dois designs de próteses (sintetizadas e não-sintetizadas) foram utilizados para as coroas suportadas por implantes. Forças foram aplicadas verticalmente (90°) à fossa central e cúspides bucais e obliquamente (30°) apenas às cúspides bucais. Os estresses foram avaliados usando Análise de Elementos Finitos tridimensional. Resultados: Cargas oblíquas resultaram nos valores mais altos de estresse. Entre os quatro materiais, RNC mostrou baixo estresse na restauração, especialmente na área marginal. O uso de diferentes materiais restauradores não afetou a distribuição de estresse no osso circundante. Próteses sintetizadas geraram menor magnitude de estresse no osso, enquanto mais estresse nos implantes foi observado. Conclusão: Em termos de distribuição de estresse no osso peri-implantar e implantes, o uso de diferentes materiais restauradores não é crucial. Cargas oblíquas resultaram em valores mais altos de estresse, e o design de prótese sintetizada resultou em menor estresse. (AU)

The possible association between the types of soft palate and gag reflex: a preliminary study / A possível associação entre os tipos de palato mole e o reflexo de vômito: um estudo preliminar

Objective: whether gag reflex, a common problem encountered during dental procedures, is associated with the different types of the soft palate has not been addressed so far. This preliminary study sought to assess the potential association between the different types of soft palate and gag reflex. Material and Methods: one hundred dental patients were recruited. The type of soft palate was determined. Subjective (self-reported) gag reflex was recorded based on many questions and past experience and on a 0-6 VAS. Objective assessment of gag reflex was done using different maneuvers where the posterior part of the tongue and the soft palate were touched by dental mirror, and by taking impression for the upper arch. The association between the types of soft palate and the subjective and objective recorded gag reflex were statistically tested. Results: there were 53 (53%), 33 (33%) and 14 (14%) of the participants with class I, class II and class III soft palate, respectively. A significant association was found between the type of the soft palate and gag reflex in response to one of the subjective items (P= 0.039), more prominent among females (P= 0.009). Concerning the objective assessment, no significant associations were found among males. Meanwhile more females with class II and class III suffered gag reflex and/or actual gagging upon taking the impression (P = 0.001). Conclusion: this study illustrated an association between the type of soft palate and gag reflex, and its severity in females (more specifically soft palate types II and III) more than in males (AU)

Objetivo: o reflexo de vômito, um problema comum encontrado durante procedimentos odontológicos, está ou não associado aos diferentes tipos de palato mole, não foi ainda abordado até o momento. Este estudo preliminar procurou avaliar a possível associação entre os diferentes tipos de palato mole e o reflexo de vômito. Material e Métodos:cem pacientes odontológicos foram recrutados. O tipo de palato mole foi determinado. O reflexo de vômito subjetivo (auto-relatado) foi registrado com base em muitas perguntas e experiências anteriores e em um VAS de 0-6. A avaliação objetiva do reflexo de vômito foi feita por meio de diferentes manobras onde a parte posterior da língua e o palato mole foram tocados por espelho dental e por meio de moldagem da arcada superior. A associação entre os tipos de palato mole e o reflexo de vômito subjetivo e objetivo registrado foi testada estatisticamente. Resultados: houve 53 (53%), 33 (33%) e 14 (14%) participantes com palato mole classe I, classe II e classe III, respectivamente. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre o tipo de palato mole e o reflexo de vômito em resposta a um dos itens subjetivos (P= 0,039), mais proeminente no sexo feminino (P= 0,009). Em relação à avaliação objetiva, não foram encontradas associações significativas entre os homens. Enquanto isso, mais mulheres com classe II e classe III sofreram reflexo de vômito e/ou engasgo real ao receber a impressão (P = 0,001). Conclusão: este estudo ilustrou uma associação entre o tipo de palato mole e reflexo de vômito e sua gravidade em mulheres (mais especificamente palato mole tipos II e III) mais do que em homens. (AU)

Restabelecimento de ponto de contato em dentes com coroas totais posteriores: relato de caso / Reestablishment of contact point on teeth with posterior crowns: case report

A presença do ponto de contato é essencial para manter a saúde das estruturas periodontais, além de evitar inclinações dentárias e desgastes, conservando, assim, uma oclusão ideal. Objetivo: apresentar um relato de caso clínico com restabelecimento dos pontos de contato de forma conservadora, por meio da ortodontia e da dentística restauradora, em dentes com coroas totais. Relato de caso: paciente do gênero feminino, 69 anos de idade, compareceu à clínica odontológica da universidade com queixa de impacção alimentar e desconforto na região superior posterior direita da arcada. Foi observada clinicamente ausência do ponto de contato entre os dentes 15, 16 e 17, optando-se pelo tratamento multidisciplinar envolvendo a ortodontia e a dentística restauradora. Para isso, foram utilizados bráquetes no segundo pré-molar e no primeiro molar superior direito (dentes 15 e 16, respectivamente), e botões ortodônticos nas faces palatinas desses, e do segundo molar superior (dente 17), unidos por elástico corrente tamanho médio. Quando obtidos os pontos de contato, foi realizada a restauração do primeiro pré-molar direito (dente 17) com resina composta. Considerações finais: o uso de elásticos corrente e botões ortodônticos foi satisfatório para a obtenção de pontos de contato entre os dentes.(AU)

The presence of the proximal contact is essential to maintain the periodontal structures health, besides preventing diseases and wastes, thus preserving an ideal occlusion. Aim: the aim of this article is to present a clinical case report with restoration of the proximal contact in a conservative way, through orthodontics and restorative dentistry, in teeth with total crowns. Case report: a 69-year-old female patient attended the university dental clinic with complaint of food impaction and discomfort in the upper right posterior region of the arcade. It was clinically observed absence of the point of contact between the teeth 15, 16 and 17 and opted for the multidisciplinary treatment involving orthodontics and restorative dentistry. For this, brackets were used in the second premolar and first maxillary right molar (teeth 15 and 16, respectively), and orthodontic buttons on the palatal surfaces of the same, and on the second upper molar (tooth 17), joined by the current elastic medium size. When the proximal contact was obtained, the first right premolar restoration was performed with a composite resin. Final considerations: the use of current elastics and orthodontic buttons were satisfactory for obtaining proximal contact between these teeth.(AU)

Vidrios bioactivos en odontología restauradora / Bioactive glasses in restorative dentistry

Los vidrios bioactivos (vb) son materiales cerámicos con una composición química tal que poseen la propiedad de inducir y conducir la mineralización de los tejidos. La obtención de estos vidrios por medio del método sol-gel y la posibilidad de obtener tamaño nanométrico de partícula, han ampliado y potenciado las indicaciones de estos materiales. Las propiedades antibacterianas de los vb son una característica sobresaliente; es debida a la liberación de iones que alcaliniza el medio, actuando sobre las colonias bacterianas. Las aplicaciones médicas y odontológicas de estos materiales son muy amplias, destacándose la regeneración ósea, la remineralización de los tejidos duros dentarios y el tratamiento de la hipersensibilidad. Sin embargo, por tratarse de materiales con estructura química amorfa, sus propiedades mecánicas no son buenas, siendo esta característica su principal limitación para la aplicación clínica en el área de la odontología restauradora. En este sentido las investigaciones científicas se han enfocado en determinar la posibilidad de incorporar vb a diversos materiales dentales como forma de combinar su bioactividad con propiedades mecánicas apropiadas. Hasta el momento no se ha logrado determinar la proporción y la metodología para incorporar vb en los materiales dentales sin alterar su comportamiento clínico, por lo que son necesarias más investigaciones.

Bioactive glasses (bg) are ceramic materials whose chemical composition allows them to induce and conduct tissue mineralization. As these glasses can be obtained with the sol-gel method and in nanometric particle sizes, their indication has been extended and enhanced. The antibacterial properties of bg are outstanding: they are possible given the release of ions, which alkalinizes the medium, acting on the bacterial colonies. The medical and dental applications of these materials are wide, with an emphasis on bone regeneration, remineralization of hard dental tissues and treatment of hypersensitivity. However, as they are materials with an amorphous chemical structure, their mechanical properties are not good, this being their main limitation for clinical application in restorative dentistry. In this sense, scientificresearch has focused on determining the possibility of including bg in various dental materials as a way to combine bioactivity with appropriate mechanical properties. So far, it has not been possible to determine the proportion and methodology necessary to include bg in dental materials without altering their clinical behavior, which is why further research isnecessary

Os vidros bioativos (vb) são materiais cerâmicos com uma composição química tal que eles possuem a propriedade de induzir e conduzir a mineralização dos tecidos. A obtenção desses vidros por meio do método sol-gel e a possibilidade de obtenção de partículas nanométricas ampliaram e reforçaram as indicações desses materiais. As propriedades antibacterianas dovb são uma característica marcante; é devido à liberação de íons que alcaliniza o meio, atuando nas colônias bacterianas. As aplicações médicas e odontológicas desses materiais são muito amplas, destacando-se a regeneração óssea, a remineralização dos tecidos duros e o tratamento da hipersensibilidade. No entanto, por serem materiais com estrutura química amorfa, suas propriedades mecânicas não são boas, sendo essa a sua principal limitação para aplicação clínica na área de odontologia restauradora. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa científica tem se concentrado em determinar a possibilidade de incorporar vb em vários materiais odontológicos, como forma de combinar sua bioatividade com propriedades mecânicas apropriadas. Até agora, não foi possível determinar a proporção e metodologia para incorporar vb em materiais odontológicos sem alterar seu comportamento clínico, razão pela qual mais pesquisas são necessárias

Resin Infiltration Recent Trends in Aesthetic and Restorative Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Objective: The Purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the contemporary in vivo scientific evidence for resin infiltration (RI) in aesthetic and restorative dentistry. Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was searched for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the in vivo effect of RI as an adjuvant treatment in aesthetic and restorative dentistry and recent trends in this contest. The keywords used were ‘resin infiltration, recent trends’, ‘resin infiltration, aesthetic dentistry’, ‘resin infiltration, restorative dentistry’, with the ‘clinical trial’ filter activated. Among the 170 articles originally identified with these keywords, only 04 were included for this review. Results: All 4 articles reported on resin infiltration with respect to aesthetic and restorative dentistry. One of the studies had been conducted on 21 consecutive subjects with 39 quadrants in each group in which Resin infiltration improves the esthetic appearance of demineralized teeth. The results showed enough durability for over 6 months. The quality of the studies was assessed to be high with respect to simple randomization, controlled trial design. All the researches included showed color stability and improvement with respect to adjacent enamel surfaces after treatment with RI when compared with the baseline control group over a specific period. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that RI appeared to be an effective method to improve an aesthetic and restorative outcome in terms of appearance and longevity of the restoration.

Effect of the restorative technique on load-bearing capacity, cusp deflection, and stress distribution of endodontically-treated premolars with MOD restoration

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of the restorative technique on the mechanical response of endodontically-treated upper premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight premolars received MOD preparation (4 groups, n = 12) with different restorative techniques: glass ionomer cement + composite resin (the GIC group), a metallic post + composite resin (the MP group), a fiberglass post + composite resin (the FGP group), or no endodontic treatment + restoration with composite resin (the CR group). Cusp strain and load-bearing capacity were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used with α = 5%. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate displacement and tensile stress for the teeth and restorations. RESULTS: MP showed the highest cusp (p = 0.027) deflection (24.28 ± 5.09 µm/µm), followed by FGP (20.61 ± 5.05 µm/µm), CR (17.72 ± 6.32 µm/µm), and GIC (17.62 ± 7.00 µm/µm). For load-bearing, CR (38.89 ± 3.24 N) showed the highest, followed by GIC (37.51 ± 6.69 N), FGP (29.80 ± 10.03 N), and MP (18.41 ± 4.15 N) (p = 0.001) value. FEA showed similar behavior in the restorations in all groups, while MP showed the highest stress concentration in the tooth and post. CONCLUSIONS: There is no mechanical advantage in using intraradicular posts for endodontically-treated premolars requiring MOD restoration. Filling the pulp chamber with GIC and restoring the tooth with only CR showed the most promising results for cusp deflection, failure load, and stress distribution.

Publication patterns in Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

OBJECTIVES: Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics (Restor Dent Endod; RDE) is an English-language journal published by the Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry, and it has been online since 2012 with quarterly publications. The purpose of this paper was to review and analyze the publications in this journal since its inception and over the 7-year period from 2012 to 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper assessed the number, type, and subject of articles published, as well as authorship patterns and article citations of the journal over a 7-year period. The citation indicator for the journal (h-index) was assessed using Google Scholar. RESULTS: The number of articles per issue has remained relatively consistent in the 7 years that were analyzed. An analysis of the article types revealed various categories of review articles. Original research articles accounted for the most articles per volume. Twice as many articles per volume were on endodontic topics than on restorative subjects. Articles published in RDE have been widely cited in Synapse, Crossref, and PubMed Central. A country-wise mapping of authors' institutions revealed significant contributions from authors around the world. With an h-index of 24, RDE ranks third among journals in its specialty. The most cited articles were open lectures on statistics and research articles on recent concepts, technology, and materials. CONCLUSION: Over the last 7 years, RDE has served as a platform for a large number of manuscripts in the field of restorative dentistry and endodontics.

Mechanical properties and Biological behavior of bioactive glass in restorative dentistry

Generally recent bioactive glasses are finding increasing applications in dentistry due to their potential of hard tissue remineralization stimulation New compositions of bioactive glasses incorporating specific ions added in polymers will be the most important direction for future restorative dentistry researches Until now, it shows weaker mechanical properties than commercially available restorative materials Studying of new compositions for enhancing their mechanical properties with bioactivity maintaining is a big challenge in restorative dentistry

In vitro analysis of dental ceramics: evaluation of the radiopacity and chemical composition by Raman spectroscopy / Análise in vitro de cerâmicas odontológicas: avaliação da radiopacidade e composição química por espectroscopia Raman

Objective: This study compared the radiopacity of different ceramic systems by means of digital radiographs and evaluate the chemical composition of the samples by Raman spectroscopy. The hypothesis tested was that there was a difference in radiopacity among the tested materials. Material and Methods: Specimens were prepared for each ceramic tested: FLD - VM7 (VITA Zahnfabrik), LD - IPS Empress e.max Press (IPS Empress), AL - In Ceram Alumina (VITA Zahnfabrik), ALYZ - In Ceram Zirconia (VITA Zahnfabrik), YZ - Lava All Ceram (3M/ESPE), and MYZ - Zirconzahn (Talladium Brazil). The specimens were radiographed and submitted to radiographic density readings using a histogram tool. The spectrometer coupled to a petrographic microscope was used for Raman spectroscopy measurements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey post-hoc test were used to compare radiopacity of the different materials. Results: For all tested materials, the radiopacity showed statistically significant differences, except YZ and MYZ. Lava All Ceram and ZirkonZahn had high radiopacity values and VM7 and IPS Empress e.max Press showed lower radiopacity than human dental structures. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that radiopacity is closely linked to ceramic chemical composition. (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo comparou a radiopacidade de diferentes sistemas cerâmicos por meio de radiografias digitais e avaliou a composição química das amostras por espectroscopia Raman. A hipótese testada foi que haveria diferença na radiopacidade entre os materiais testados. Material e Métodos: Os espécimes foram preparados para cada cerâmica testada: FLD - VM7 (VITA Zahnfabrik), LD - Impressora IPS Empress e.max (IPS Empress), AL - Em Ceram Alumina (VITA Zahnfabrik), ALYZ - In Ceram Zirconia (VITA Zahnfabrik), YZ - Lava All Ceram (3M / ESPE) e MYZ - Zirconzahn (Talladium Brasil). Os espécimes foram radiografados e submetidos a leituras de densidade radiográfica utilizando uma ferramenta de histograma. O espectrômetro acoplado a um microscópio petrográfico foi utilizado para medidas de espectroscopia Raman. Análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste post-hoc de Tukey foram usados para comparar a radiopacidade dos diferentes materiais. Resultados: Para todos os materiais testados, a radiopacidade apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes, exceto YZ e MYZ. Lava All Ceram e ZirkonZahn apresentaram altos valores de radiopacidade e o VM7 e o IPS Empress e.max Press apresentaram menor radiopacidade do que as estruturas dentais humanas. Conclusão: Foi possível concluir que a radiopacidade está intimamente ligada à composição química da cerâmica. (AU)

Elaboración de un biodiente: enfoque actual y desafíos / Making a Bio-tooth: Current Approaches and Challenges

Antecedentes: El edentulismo es uno de los mayores problemas de salud oral que cause alteraciones fisiológicas, sociales, estéticas, fonéticas y nutricionales. Las terapias actuales para el remplazo dental son artificiales y no satisfacen los requisitos básicos de un diente natural. La bioingeniería de tejidos constituye una alternativa para la sustitución de dientes perdidos. Objetivo: Identificar los enfoques/técnicas disponibles actualmente para obtener un diente completo por bioingeniería (biodiente), así como puntualizar sus desafíos y perspectivas futuras. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura, por medio de las siguientes palabras clave: biodiente, bioingeniería de tejidos, diente entero y células madre. Los años de la búsqueda fueron 2000-2018, en las bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Lilacs y Google Académico/Scholar, en inglés y español. Se seleccionaron únicamente artículos y libros de mayor relevancia y pertinencia. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 53 artículos y 10 libros. Para la elaboración de un biodiente se emplean los siguientes métodos: andamios, sin andamios, células madre pluripotentes inducidas, germen de órganos, diente quimérico y estimulación de la formación de la tercera dentición. El tamaño y forma normales del diente, así como la obtención de células epiteliales, son los principales desafíos. Conclusiones: La posibilidad de crear y desarrollar un biodiente en un ambiente oral adulto es cada vez más real gracias a los avances biotecnológicos que ocurren diariamente. Es posible que estos conceptos sean la base de la odontología restauradora en un futuro próximo.

Background: Edentulism is one of the major oral health problems that cause physiological, social, aesthetic, phonetic, and nutritional issues. Current therapies for dental replacement are artificial and do not satisfy the basic requirements of a natural tooth. Tissue bioengineering could be a viable alternative to substitute lost teeth. Objective: To identify current available approaches/techniques to obtain a complete bioengineered tooth (bio-tooth) and to point out future challenges and perspectives. Methods: This was an integrative literature review. Search keywords used were: bio-tooth, tissue bioengineering, whole tooth, stem cells. The search included the years 2000 through 2018, using the databases PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Lilacs and Google Scholar, both in English and Spanish. Only relevant and pertinent articles and books were selected. Results: 53 articles and 10 books were obtained. Methods for bio-tooth generation found were: scaffolds, scaffold-free, induced pluripotent stem cells, tooth organ germ, chimeric tooth, and stimulation of third dentition formation. Achieving normal tooth size and shape and obtaining epithelial cells are the main challenges. Conclusions: The possibility of creating and developing a whole bioengineered tooth (bio-tooth) in an adult oral environment is becoming more realistic, considering the daily biotechnological advances. It is possible that these concepts will be the basis of restorative dentistry in a near future.

A Review of the Crown Lengthening Surgery; The Basic Concepts.

Clinical crown of the tooth is the distance from gingival margin to incisal edge or occlusal surface of the tooth. A short clinical crown is defined as any tooth with less than 2 mm of sound, opposing parallel walls remaining after occlusal and axial reduction. Although implants have reasonably high success rate, recent literature showed that keeping patient’s tooth has numerous benefits. Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure designed to increase the extent of the supragingival tooth structure, so that the clinician can restore the tooth. The aim of the current study is to review the implications of CL in routine dental practice. To reach this aim, diagnosis requirements, restorative procedures after crown lengthening, stability of crown lengthening and esthetic crown lengthening are discussed in different sessions.

Analysis of smile line of Zhuang-Chinese youths / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyze and the smile line of Zhuang-Chinese youths.Methods:1 00 Zhuang volunteers aged 1 8-25 years were recruited for this study.The faces were individually registered by digital videography.The length and thickness of upper lips and mandibular incisor crown height appearance at rest,smile and laugh were recorded.Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney-U Test and non-parametric analysis.Results:The upper lip in men was longer than that in women at rest(P<0.05 ).The upper lip length increased and thickness decreased at smile and laugh in all subjects,in men was longer and thicker than in women(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference of upper lip thickness at rest between sexes(P<0.05).The mandibular anterior teeth,gingival papilla of all subjects were appeared at smile and laugh,there was no significant difference between sexes(P<0.05). Gingiva appearance at smile was in less than 1 0%of the subjects.39%subjects had high smile line,46%had average smile line and 1 5% had low smile line.Conclusion:Most of the Zhuang youths have moderate smile line,less high smile line and least low smile line.

Clinical Strategies for Managing Dental Caries in Egypt: Opinions of General Practitioner Dentists.

Background: To assess the approach of GPDs in Upper Egypt regarding preventive and restorative treatments for various stages of carious lesion development. Methods: A 42-item questionnaire was constructed for obtaining the GPD’s opinions. Factor analyses (with Varimax rotation) were conducted to identify scales (clusters) of variables. Logistic regression analyses, with continuing professional development as dependent variable, were conducted to test for the effect of single and scaled factors regarding indications to perform preventive or restorative treatments Results: All 70 participants returned the questionnaire. Three scale factors, i.e., treatment strategies, were identified as: ‘operative-minded dentists’ (who make >10 amalgam and resin composite restorations per week); ‘problem solvers’ (who have >10 years of experience, see >60 patients and make >10 temporary restorations per week); and ‘thinkers’ (who spend >50 hours / year on continuing professional development but also make >10 restorations per week). Logistic regression analyses found only one statistically significant relationship (p=0.03): ‘operative-minded dentists’ indicated provision of significantly less caries-preventive measures. Most patient visits were pain-induced. Conclusion: It was concluded that most GPDs in Upper Egypt have an operative-minded treatment philosophy, and spend less time on preventive measures. Amalgam is the most common restorative material used.

Influência de três iluminantes (D65, A e F2) e da rugosidade superficial de dentes artificiais de resina composta na percepção da diferença cor entre profissionais da odontologia / Influence of three illuminants (D65, A and F2) and surface roughness of composite resin artificial tooth on the difference color perception among dental professionals

Este estudo avaliou a influência de três iluminantes e da diferença na rugosidade superficial de réplicas de dentes artificias na percepção da diferença de cor entre profissionais da Odontologia e verificou se houve variação na opinião de 20 profissionais uma semana após a primeira avaliação. O único critério de exclusão dos participantes foi a deficiência na visão cromática, avaliada através da versão simplificada do teste de Ishihara. Dos 117 profissionais entrevistados, 6 (5,1%) homens e 11 (9,4%) mulheres foram excluídos do estudo, pois identificaram incorretamente 1 ou mais pranchas da versão simplificada do teste de Ishihara. Neste estudo foram utilizados 4 pares de réplicas de dentes artificiais, sendo que cada par foi confeccionado em resina composta nas cores A1, A3, B1 ou B2, porém uma réplica apresentava superfície lisa e a outra, superfície rugosa. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas em cabine de luz sob os iluminantes D65, A e F2. Para cada iluminante, os participantes foram questionados se havia diferença de cor entre as réplicas. Após uma semana, todo o experimento foi repetido por 20 profissionais selecionados aleatoriamente. A análise dos resultados sugeriu que os iluminantes e a diferença na textura superficial influenciaram a percepção da diferença cor entre as réplicas e que após uma semana houve variação na opinião dos observadores.

This study evaluated the influence of three different illuminants and the difference on surface roughness of artificial teeth replica on the color difference perception among dental professionals and if there were variations on 20 professionals opinion 1 week after the first evaluation. The color vision deficiency was the only exclusion criteria used and a screening for color defective vision was conducted by using the simplified version of Ishihara test. Among the 117 professionals interviewed, 6 (5.1%) men and 11 (9.4%) women who missed 1 or more plates did not take part in this study. The test was composed by 4 pairs of artificial composite resin teeth replicas was confectioned with the same color A1, A3, B1 or B2, but the surface of one replica was smooth and the surface of the other one was rough. All the evaluations were conducted in light booth with D65, A and F2 illuminants. In each illuminant the participants were asked if there were color difference between the replicas. After one week, all the experiment was repeated by 20 participants randomly selected. The analysis of the results suggested that the illuminant and the difference on surface texture influenced the difference color perception between the replicas and reaffirm that the professionals opinion varied after one week of the first evaluation.

Microtensile bond strength of adhesive systems of single and multiple steps / Resistência à microtração dos sistemas adesivos de única e múltipla etapas

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of ten dentin adhesive systems. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty human molars were cut to the dentine level and restored with a hybrid composite and one of the adeshive systems. Each teeth were sectioned to obtain sticks measuring 1.0 ± 0.2 mm2, which were then stressed at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min in auniversal testing machine until failure. The failure modes were verified using optical microscopy. RESULTS: One Up Bond FTM, All Bond 2TM, One Step PlusTM, Adper Prompt L-PopTM, OneStepTM, Single BondTM and Clearfil SE BondTM presented no statistically significant differences (p>0.05); the lowest bond strength values were obtained with Scotchbond MPTM, Prime&Bond NTTM and ExciteTM (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The self etch primer systems and conventional systems exhibited the highest bond strength to dentin, except for Scotchbond MPTM, Prime&BondNTTM and ExciteTM. Adhesive fractures accounted for 69% of the total fractures.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resistência adesiva de dez sistemas adesivos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os dentes foram seccionados em forma de palitos com tamanho de 1.0 ± 0,2 mm2 e tracionados com velocidade de 1mm/min. Os tipos de fraturas foram verificados utilizando o microscópio óptico. RESULTADOS: Os sistemas adesivos (One Up Bond FTM, All Bond 2TM, One Step PlusTM, Adper Prompt L-PopTM, One StepTM, Single BondTM e Clearfil SE BondTM apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência adesiva em dentina. Os sistemas ScotchbondMPTM, Prime&Bond NTTM e ExciteTM apresentaram menor resistência. CONCLUSÃO: Os sistemas autocondicionantes e os convencionais apresentaram maior resistência adesiva em dentina. Os sistemas Scotchbond MPTM, Prime&Bond NTTM e ExciteTM apresentaram menor resistência adesiva. As fraturas adesivas representaram 69% do total das fraturas.

Evaluation of optical properties of different restorative composite resins

The esthetic demands of patients have encouraged the search for restorative materials increasingly similar to natural teeth. This requires knowledge on the optical properties of dental structures and restorative materials. This study comparatively evaluated the translucency/opacity and fluorescence of different brands of composite resins. Sixteen brands of composite resins shade A2 were randomly selected; specimens with 1mm thickness and 10mm diameter were fabricated with these resins and evaluated as to the optical properties, scored as high, medium and low translucency/opacity and fluorescence. Statistical analysis by the Kendall W testand Friedman test at a significance level of 5% revealed that the resins Opallis D, Four Season D, Concept E, Concept D, and Fill-Magic presented low translucency. Conversely, the resins Opallis E, Charisma, Tetric Ceram, Four Season E, Natural Look, Z350, and Z250 exhibited medium translucency/opacity, and resins Nova Charisma, Durafill, and Supreme XT presented high translucency. With regard to fluorescence, the resins Charisma, Z350, Supreme XT, and Z250 present low fluorescence. Medium fluorescence was observed for the resins Opallis E, Opallis D, Nova Charisma, Durafill, Natural Look, TPH Spectrum, Tetric Ceram, Four Season E, and Four Season D. The composite resins Concept E, Concept D, and Fill Magic presented high fluorescence. Based on these results, it is concluded that there are differences in the degree of translucency/opacity and fluorescence of different composite resins, which are possibly related to variations in their composition.

Devido à exigência estética, tem-se buscado materiais restauradores que se aproximem da aparência do dente natural. Para tal, é importante conhecer as propriedades ópticas tanto das estruturas dentais quanto dos materiais restauradores. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a translucidez/opacidade e fluorescência de 16 resinas compostas, na cor universal A2, selecionadas aleatoriamente, a partir das quais foram confeccionados corpos de prova, com 1mm de espessura e 10mm de diâmetro que foram submetidos a avaliação das propriedades ópticas, sendo classificados como alta, média e baixa translucidez/opacidade e fluorescência. Nos testes W de Kendall e ao teste de Friedman a 5% de significância, verificou-se que as resinas Opallis D, Four Season D, Concept E, Concept D e Fill Magic apresentaram baixa translucidez. As resinas Opallis E, Charisma, Tetric Ceram, Four Season E, Natural Look, Z350 e Z250 apresentaram média translucidez/opacidade e as resinas Nova Charisma, Durafill e Supreme XT, alta translucidez. Para fluorescência, as resinas Charisma, Z350, Supreme XT e Z250 apresentaram baixa fluorescência. As de média fluorescência foram Opallis E, Opallis D, Nova Charisma, Durafill, Natural Look, TPH Spectrum, Tetric Ceram, Four Season E e Four Season D. Por fim, as resinas compostas Concept E, Concept D e Fill Magic apresentam alta fluorescência. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que existem diferenças nos graus de translucidez/opacidade e fluorescência nas diferentes resinas compostas testadas, o que, possivelmente, está relacionado às variações na composição das mesmas.

Cimento de ionômero de vidro: uso atual e perspectivas em odontologia restauradora / Glass ionomer cement: actual use and perspectives in restorative dentistry

Os cimentos de ionômero de vidro apresentaram uma diminuição em seu uso clínico como conseqüência de sua limitação estética e mecânica em relação às resinas compostas. Porém, devido à intensa discussão sobre a efetiva biocompatibilidade e resistência de união a longo prazo dos sistemas adesivos, tem-se intensificado novamente o interesse pelos cimentos ionoméricos. Em relação à resistência de união, apesar dos valores imediatos apresentados pelos sistemas adesivos serem mais elevados que os de cimentos de ionômero de vidro, estes tendem a diminuir significativamente quando avaliados a longo prazo, enquanto a resistência dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro se mantém. Por este motivo, alguns autores têm classificado este cimento como um agente de união. Quanto à sua biocompatibilidade, os trabalhos mais recentes demonstram a possibilidade de sua utilização como substituto dos cimentos de hidróxido de cálcio para proteção pulpar indireta e como material restaurador em locais de íntima relação com tecidos periodontais, em função da boa tolerância destes aos cimentos de ionômero de vidro.

The glass ionomer cements (GIC) have presented a less clinical usage along the past years as a consequence of limitations on esthetics and mechanical properties when compared with composites. But the recent and intense discussion involving biocompatibility of composites and degradation of adhesive systems turned over the interests on GIC again. Perhaps the fact that GIC present lower immediate bond strength when compared with composite adhesive system, their values stay stable along the time. For this reason some authors have been considering the GIC as an adhesive system. The biocompatibility research have demonstrated that GIC can be an excellent substitute for calcium hydroxide cements on indirect pulp capping and can be safe used as an restorative material on intimate periodontal region.