ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of aging around the world， the incidence and prevalence of age-related dementia have increased significantly， leading to a huge burden on patients， families and society. So far， there are no drugs that can completely reverse degeneration of the nervous system. The core pathological mechanisms of dementia are not clear， and the occurrence and progression of degenerative diseases in the nervous system appears to be only rely on the prevention through lifestyle interventions. Among lifestyle interventions， a large amount of laboratory evidence and a small amount of epidemiological evidence suggest that time restricted feeding have excellent effects on preventing the occurrence and progression of degenerative diseases in the nervous system. However， due to the lack of evidence in human population， the application of time restricted feeding lacks scientific basis. By synthesizing the existing evidence， this review discussed the pathway network of time restricted feeding that antagonizes the nervous system degradation， suggesting that future studies should focus on population evidence and the combined effects of multiple effect pathways.
ABSTRACT
El ayuno intermitente se ha popularizado como una estrategia alternativa para el control de peso y disminución de algunos parámetros bioquímicos. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar la efectividad del ayuno intermitente en dos protocolos: ayuno en días intermitentes (ADA) y ayuno restringido en el tiempo (ART), sobre el perfil lipídico, composición corporal y presión arterial en adultos. Método: Revisión sistemática basada en ensayos controlados aleatorios consultados en las bases de datos: Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, Proquest y PubMed. Se estudió a adultos mayores de 18 años con cualquier estado nutricional. La intervención correspondió a ayuno intermitente de al menos 16 horas. Se evaluaron riesgos de sesgos según la colaboración de Cochrane. Resultados: Se analizaron seis ensayos clínicos, encontrándose que el protocolo ADA, presente en cuatro de ellos, generó cambios en las variables: triglicéridos, c-HDL, c-LDL, colesterol total, peso, masa magra, masa grasa y presión arterial sistólica, mientras que el protocolo ART, presente en los dos restantes, provocó cambios en las variables: peso, masa grasa, masa magra, triglicéridos, colesterol total, c-LDL, c-HDL y glicemia. Conclusión: La evidencia disponible con ensayos clínicos nos permite sugerir que los protocolos ADA y ART pueden ser una dieta alternativa para adultos. Sin embargo, el ajuste calórico y una adecuada educación sobre estilos de vida saludable muestran resultados similares. Sin perjuicio a esto, el AI puede ser una alternativa para aquellos a quienes les es difícil seguir un patrón dietético con restricción calórica diaria.
Intermittent fasting has become popular as an alternative strategy for weight control and the reduction of some biochemical parameters. The purpose of this systematic review (SR) was to evaluate the effectiveness of intermittent fasting in two protocols: intermittent days fasting (ADA) and time-restricted fasting (ART), on lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure among adults. Methods: SR based on randomized controlled trials consulted in the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Library Cochrane, Clinical Trials, Proquest and PubMed. Adults over 18 years of age with any nutritional status were studied. The intervention corresponded to intermittent fasting of at least 16 hours. Risk of bias were assessed according to the Cochrane collaboration. Results: Six clinical trials were analyzed, finding that the ADA protocol, present in four of them, generated changes in the variables: triglycerides, c-HDL, c-LDL, total cholesterol, weight, lean mass, fat mass and systolic blood pressure, while the ART protocol, present in the remaining two, caused changes in the variables: weight, fat mass, lean mass, triglycerides, total cholesterol, c-LDL, c-HDL and glycemia. Conclusion: The available evidence with clinical trials allows us to suggest that the ADA and ART protocols can be an alternative diet for adults. However, caloric adjustment and adequate education on healthy lifestyles show similar results. Notwithstanding this, intermittent fasting may be an alternative for those who find it difficult to follow a dietary pattern with daily caloric restriction.
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Obesity and its associated metabolic consequences such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are a global epidemic. Conventional treatment of obesity is daily calorie restriction which many patients find challenging. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an emerging alternative although very limited scientific evidence is available. Alternatively, brisk walking (BW) has been shown to reduce mortality risks. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of TRF (16 hour/day of fasting) and investigate the additional effects of BW with TRF (16 hour/day of fasting) in overweight and obesity management. Methods: Thirty-six (n=36) overweight and obese participants were enrolled equally into three different groups according to their preferences in this 16- week prospective experimental study; Group A (TRF combined with BW), Group B (TRF alone) and Group C (control group maintaining their lifestyle). Data collection was conducted at the beginning and end of the study for statistical analysis. Results: All Group A and Group B participants showed significant reductions in body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, visceral fat level, whole body subcutaneous fat percentage, trunk subcutaneous percentage, legs subcutaneous percentage and arms subcutaneous fat percentage as compared to their control counterparts (Group C) (all p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in all anthropometric measurements of Group A participants compared to Group B counterparts. Conclusion: TRF (16 hour/day fasting) can be adopted in weight reduction management of overweight and obese patients. BW for 16 weeks combined with TRF renders no additional effects in overweight and obesity management.
ABSTRACT
Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar a digestibilidade aparente de dietas e o metabolismo de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo bentonita sódica submetidos a diferentes programas alimentares. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos castrados, meio irmãos paternos, com peso vivo médio inicial de 42,2kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com três níveis de bentonita sódica (0,0; 0,3 e 0,5 por cento) e dois programas alimentares (restrito e à vontade), com oito repetições cada. A adição de bentonita sódica não alterou (P>0,05) o consumo de ração e os balanços da energia e do nitrogênio. O consumo de ração diferiu (P<0,01) entre a alimentação restrita e à vontade (1,17 vs. 2,19kg d-1). O programa alimentar alterou (P<0,05) o balanço do N, mas não afetou (P>0,05) a retenção de N pelos animais. A alimentação à vontade alterou (P<0,05) o balanço da energia, sobretudo a energia retida (3.825 vs. 3.013kcal d-1). A adição de 0,5 por cento de bentonita sódica nas dietas reduziu em 9 por cento (P<0,01) a excreção fecal de fósforo. A adição de bentonita sódica nas dietas de suínos não altera os balanços da energia e do N nem as digestibilidades aparentes do Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu e Mn. A adição de bentonita sódica reduz a excreção fecal de fósforo. Não há interação entre o programa alimentar e a adição de bentonita sódica nas dietas.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the digestibility of diets and metabolism of pigs fed diets containing sodium bentonite subjected to different feeding programs. Twenty-four barrows were used, littermates, 42.2kg initial live weight, housed in metabolic cages. Experimental design was completely randomized with three sodium bentonite levels (0.0; 0.3 and 0.5 percent) and two feeding programs (restricted and ad libitum), with eight replications each. Addition of sodium bentonite didn't affect (P>0.05) the feed intake, the energy and N balance. The feed intake differ (P<0.01) between restricted and ad libitum feeding (1.17 vs. 2.19kg d-1). The feeding program alter (P<0.05) the N balance, but don't affected (P>0.05) the N retention in pigs. Ad libitum feeding alter (P<0.05) the energy balance, mainly the retained energy (3,825 vs. 3,013kcal d-1). Addition of 0.5 percent of sodium bentonite in diets reduced in 9 percent (P<0.01) the fecal phosphorus excretion. Sodium bentonite in diets doesn't alter the energy and N balance neither apparent digestibility of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn. Sodium bentonite in diets reduce the fecal phosphorus excretion. There is no interaction between the feeding program and the addition of sodium bentonite in diets.
ABSTRACT
Circadian rhythms are entrained to cyclic environmental cues such as the light-dark cycle and food availability. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus is the main circadian oscillator in mammals and is entrained primarily by the light-dark cycle, although in some experimental situations food availability can affect its oscillation. Here we tested whether scheduled restricted feeding is capable of influencing the reentrainment of the motor activity rhythm (i.e., a behavioral rhythm controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus) to a 6-h phase advance of the light-dark cycle. Rats were housed in a standard 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle for 18 days, and then the time of lights-off was advanced. Rats subjected to scheduled restricted feeding starting on the first day of the light-dark shift showed faster reentrainment of the motor activity rhythm compared with control rats maintained with ad libitum food. The results showed that scheduled feeding effectively accelerates reentrainment of a behavioral circadian rhythm and suggest that the procedure may affect activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during the stage of reentrainment to light-dark shifts.