Acute longus colli tendinitis and otolaryngology / Tendinite aguda do músculo longus colli e otorrinolaringologia

Abstract Introduction Acute longus colli tendinitis is caused by calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the tendon of the longus colli muscle with subsequent inflammation. The calcifications are commonly located at the superior oblique portion at the level of the C1-C2 vertebrae. The typical clinical presentation consists of acute neck pain, odynophagia, and painful limitation of neck range of motion. Objectives We will describe this disease with three that cases presented to our institution and compare the findings on imaging studies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data, radiological features, and laboratory reports of three patients diagnosed with acute longus colli tendinitis. Computed tomography and plain radiographs were reviewed and compared by a single radiologist. A contemporary review of the literature was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Embase, and Cochrane library databases. Results Computed tomography showed greater sensitivity for the detection of the pathognomonic calcification than plain radiographs and facilitated the exclusion of other more severe conditions by following a systematic interpretation composed of five key elements. Plain radiographs showed non-specific signs of prevertebral soft tissue swelling and a decreased cervical lordotic curve. However, no calcification was identified on plain radiographs. The literature review revealed 153 articles containing 372 cases. Surgical or invasive procedures were mentioned in 13.7% of publications and were performed in 28 patients. Conclusion Acute longus colli tendinitis can mimic the clinical presentation of more severe conditions that the otolaryngologist may be required to evaluate, such as infectious, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases. Knowledge of this entity, with its pathognomonic imaging findings, can prevent misdirected medical therapy and unnecessary invasive procedures.

Resumo Introdução A tendinite aguda do músculo longus colli é causada pela deposição de hidroxiapatita de cálcio no tendão do músculo longus colli com subsequente inflamação. As calcificações estão comumente localizadas na porção oblíqua superior ao nível das vértebras C1-C2. A apresentação clínica típica consiste em dor cervical aguda, odinofagia e limitação dolorosa da amplitude de movimento do pescoço. Objetivos Descreveremos essa doença por meio de três casos apresentados em nossa instituição e compararemos os achados em exames de imagem. Método Revisamos retrospectivamente os dados clínicos, as características radiológicas e os relatórios laboratoriais de três pacientes com diagnóstico de tendinite aguda do músculo longus colli. A tomografia computadorizada e as radiografias simples foram revisadas e comparadas por um único radiologista. Uma revisão contemporânea da literatura foi feita nos bancos de dados PubMed (Medline), Embase e Cochrane. Resultados A tomografia computadorizada apresentou maior sensibilidade para detecção da calcificação patognomônica do que a radiografia simples e facilitou a exclusão de outras condições mais graves, seguiu uma interpretação sistemática composta por cinco elementos-chave. As radiografias simples mostraram sinais inespecíficos de edema dos tecidos moles pré-vertebrais e diminuição da curva lordótica cervical. Entretanto, nenhuma calcificação foi identificada nas radiografias simples. A revisão da literatura produziu 153 artigos com 372 casos. Procedimentos cirúrgicos ou invasivos foram mencionados em 13,7% das publicações e feitos em 28 pacientes. Conclusão A tendinite aguda do músculo longus colli pode mimetizar a apresentação clínica de condições mais graves que necessitam da avaliação do otorrinolaringologista, como doenças infecciosas, traumáticas e neoplásicas. O conhecimento dessa entidade, com seus achados de imagem patognomônica, pode evitar uma terapia clínica mal direcionada e procedimentos invasivos desnecessários.

Absceso epidural posterolateral y compresión radicular: una rara complicación del absceso retrofaríngeo / Posterolateral epidural abscess and root compression: a rare complication of retropharyngeal abscess

Introducción: el absceso epidural posterolateral y la compresión radicular es una rara complicación del absceso retrofaríngeo (ARF). Se realizó el reporte de un caso con esta complicación extremadamente rara. Método: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura (estudios radiológicos, historia y hallazgos clínicos). Se firmó consentimiento del paciente para la publicación. Resultados: paciente de 33 años remitido a nivel terciario de atención con un cuadro clínico de cervicalgia, odinofagia y fiebre. La tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) y la resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) mostraron una colección retrofaríngea con compromiso epidural en el espacio medular cervical; en el examen físico se encontró odinofagia, cervicalgia, fiebre y pérdida de la fuerza muscular en el miembro superior derecho. El paciente fue llevado a manejo quirúrgico por otorrinolaringología y ortopedia para el drenaje de la colección; además, se le administró antibioticoterapia con cefepime y clindamicina por 21 días con buenos resultados; se consideró que el origen del absceso era idiopático. Conclusiones: el absceso epidural y la compresión radicular secundarias a un ARF es una rara y potencialmente mortal complicación de esta patología, con secuelas importantes en el paciente que la padece, que requiere un manejo médico-quirúrgico. En nuestro caso el manejo fue interdisciplinario, ya que integró otorrinolaringología, ortopedia, infectología y fisioterapia, lo que resultó en una evolución satisfactoria del paciente.

Introduction: posterolateral epidural abscess and radicular compression is a rare complication of retropharyngeal abscess (RFA), a case report with this extremely rare complication was made. Method: case report and review of the literature (radiological studies, clinical history, clinical findings) patient's consent was signed for the publication. Results: a 33-year-old patient referred at the tertiary care level with a clinical picture of cervicalgia, odynophagia and fever; CT and MRI showed retropharyngeal collection with epidural involvement in the cord cervical space, physical examination, odynophagia, cervicalgia, fever and loss of muscle strength in the right upper limb. Led to surgical management by ENT and orthopedics column for drainage of the collection; antibiotic therapy with cefepime, clindamycin for 21 days with good results; It was considered of idiopathic origin. Conclusions: epidural abscess and root compression secondary to an RFA is a rare and potentially fatal complication of this pathology with important sequelae in the patient, which requires medical-surgical management, in our case the management was integrated interdisciplinary otolaryngology, orthopedics, infectology, physiotherapy , with satisfactory evolution in the patient.

Fusión cervical anterior C2-C3 para espondilolistesis traumática del axis grado III / Anterior C2-C3 Cervical Fusion for Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis Grade III

RESUMEN Se trata de un paciente masculino de 85 años de edad, que sufrió una caída y fue inmovilizado y trasladado al servicio de urgencia; refería dolor cervical y rigidez del cuello. Al examen neurológico no se constata déficit neurológico, salvo la contractura de la musculatura cervical. Se le diagnosticó espondilolistesis traumática del axis grado III confirmada mediante estudios radiográficos. Se le realizó abordaje anterior retrofaríngeo extendido con fijación con láminas y tornillos C2-3. El paciente utilizó ortesis rígida externa durante 4 semanas. Su evolución fue favorable(AU)

ABSTRACT This is an 85-year-old male patient who fell and was immobilized and transferred to the emergency department. He complained of neck pain and neck stiffness. Neurological examination revealed no neurological deficit, except for the contracture of the cervical musculature. Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis grade III confirmed by radiographic studies was diagnosed. An extended anterior retropharyngeal approach was performed with fixation with blades and C2-3 screws. The patient wore a rigid external orthosis for 4 weeks. His evolution was favorable(AU)

Absceso retrofaríngeo por fístula congénita del seno piriforme en una adolescente / Retropharyngeal abscess due to a congenital pyriform sinus fistula in a teenager

Arch Argent Pediatr 2020;118(1):e81-e84 / e81Presentación de casos clínicosRESUMENLas fístulas del seno piriforme son anomalías poco frecuentes de los arcos branquiales. La forma de presentación más común en los niños y los adolescentes es la tiroiditis aguda supurada y/o los abscesos cervicales laterales recurrentes. Sin embargo, las fístulas se pueden manifestar de forma atípica. La rareza de esta patología y la presentación clínica atípica pueden demorar el diagnóstico, lo que aumenta el riesgo de infecciones recurrentes y complicaciones.Se presenta el caso inusual de una adolescente de 13 años con absceso retrofaríngeo debido a una fístula congénita del seno piriforme, tratada de forma exitosa mediante electrocauterización endoscópica.

Pyriform sinus fistulas are rare anomalies of the branchial arches. The most common form of presentation in children and adolescents is acute suppurative thyroiditis and/or recurrent lateral cervical abscesses. However, fistulas can manifest atypically. The rarity of this pathology and the atypical clinical presentation can delay the diagnosis increasing the risk of recurrent infections and complications.We present the unusual case of a 13-year-old teenager with retropharyngeal abscess due to a congenital pyriform sinus fistula successfully treated by endoscopic electrocautery

Tendinitis calcificante del longísimo del cuello / Acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscles

RESUMEN La tendinitis calcificante prevertebral es una patología benigna y poco frecuente, con una incidencia anual de 0,5 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 52 años que consultó por cervicalgia, odinofagia y disfonía de 5 días de evolución. Tras una exploración otorrinolaringológica completa se sospechó ocupación del espacio retrofaríngeo, confirmada con pruebas de imagen. Ante estos hallazgos y con la sospecha de absceso retrofaríngeo, se decidió ingreso hospitalario para tratamiento intravenoso. Por discordancia entre la clínica, la TC y los hallazgos analíticos, se solicitó RM cervical, cuya imagen hizo sospechar una tendinitis aguda calcificante del longísimo del cuello. En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de la sintomatología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta entidad. Consideramos importante sospecharla dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de la ocupación del espacio retrofaríngeo para evitar realizar procedimientos innecesarios.

ABSTRACT Prevertebral calcific tendinitis is a benign and infrequent pathology, with an annual incidence of 0.5 cases per 100,000 habitants. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman that presented with a 5-day history of cervicalgia, odynophagia and dysphonia. Otolaryngological examination and radiological images showed occupation of the retropharyngeal space. The patient was admitted to the hospital for intravenous treatment. A cervical MRI was requested, suggesting an acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscles. The authors provide a discussion of the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of this condition. We consider it to be an important differential diagnosis of a retropharyngeal space occupation, in order to avoid unnecessary procedures.

Absceso retrofaríngeo en lactante menor: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Retropharyngeal abscess in a toddler: case report and literature review

El absceso retrofaríngeo corresponde a una complicación infrecuente de las infecciones de tracto respiratorio superior, asociada a una potencial pero significativa morbimortalidad. Posee mayor incidencia en la edad pediátrica, siendo la media de presentación los 3 años. En la literatura se le atribuyen diferentes factores de riesgo, destacando como factores endógenos enfermedades crónicas como diabetes mellitus y otros estados de inmunodeficiencia, y como factor exógeno las infecciones de vía aérea superior, dentarias y el traumatismo por cuerpo extraño. Si bien es difícil aislar un solo agente etiológico, se describe con mayor frecuencia la participación de Streptococcus pyogenes. El diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico, con confirmación imagenológica con tomografía computarizada como gold standard. El tratamiento es controversial, existiendo defensores de un tratamiento quirúrgico precoz versus un manejo expectante con antibióticos endovenosos. Se presenta a continuación el caso de una lactante menor de 1 año 4 meses hospitalizada en el Servicio de Pediatría en Hospital San Camilo en San Felipe por un cuadro febril agudo, catalogado inicialmente como meningitis, resultando en un absceso retrofaríngeo con extensión hacia mediastino superior, el cual fue resuelto de manera exitosa con tratamiento quirúrgico precoz asociado a antibióticos endovenosos de amplio espectro.

Retropharyngeal abscess corresponds to an uncommon complication of upper respiratory tract infections, associated with a potential but significant morbidity and mortality. It has a greater incidence in the pediatric age, being the average of presentation the 3 years. Different risk factors are attributed to the disease in the literature, standing out endogenous chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and other immunodeficiency states, and exogenous factors such as upper airway infections, dental infections and foreign body trauma. Although it is difficult to isolate a single etiologic agent, the involvement of Streptococcus pyogenes is more frequently described. The diagnosis is eminently clinical, with confirmed imaging with Tomography computed as gold standard. Treatment is controversial, with advocates of early surgical treatment versus expectant management with intravenous antibiotics. Is presented below the case of a toddler girl of 1 year and 4 months hospitalized in the Pediatrics service at San Camilo's Hospital in San Felipe by an acute febrile condition, initially classified as meningitis, resulting in a retropharyngeal abscess with extension towards the upper mediastinum, which was successfully solved with early surgical treatment associated with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics.

Abcesos profundos de cuello: Reporte de tres casos pediátricos / Deep neck infections: Report of three pediatric cases

Los abscesos retro y parafaríngeos son procesos infrecuentes aunque asociados con morbilidad significativa y potencial mortalidad. En los últimos años, se ha detectado un aumento de incidencia de estas infecciones, que se debe, principalmente, a una mayor disponibilidad de la tomografía computada y a mayor virulencia de los gérmenes (Streptococcus beta hemolítico del grupo A y Staphilococcus aureus meticilino resistente). Predominan en menores de 5 años. El tratamiento de los abscesos retro y parafaríngeos consiste en antibiótico endovenoso y, eventualmente, drenaje quirúrgico. Serían pasibles de tratamiento quirúrgico aquellos pacientes con abscesos mayores de 2 cm³, con dificultad respiratoria o mala respuesta al tratamiento antibiótico inicial. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar las características clínicas y el tratamiento de tres pacientes con abscesos profundos de cuello que se presentaron en Otorrinolaringología del Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde en el período de un año.

Retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses are rare but associated with significant morbidity and potential mortality. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of these infections, mainly due to a greater availability of computed tomography scan and a greater virulence of the germs (Group A b-hemolytic Streptococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). They predominate in children younger than 5 years. Treatment of retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses consists of an intravenous antibiotic and eventually surgical drainage. Surgical treatment is indicated in patients with abscesses greater than 2 cm³, with respiratory difficulty or poor response to initial antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study is to describe clinical features and treatment of three cases of deep neck abscesses presented at Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Otorhinolaryngology Department in the period of one year.

Perforación esofágica cervical en un anciano diabético / Cervical esophageal perforation in a diabetic elderly

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 67 años de edad con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus, quien había ingerido una espina de pescado desde hacía 4 días y acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, por presentar disfonía, disfagia para líquidos, impotencia funcional del cuello y fiebre de 38 ºC. Se le diagnosticó una perforación del esófago en la región cervical, por lo que fue ingresado y operado con urgencia; a los 6 días fue reintervenido para revisar la cervicotomía y realizar apertura de una fascitis séptica en el lado derecho del tórax. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente y se le dio el alta a los 35 días de estancia hospitalaria.

The case report of a 67 years patient with a history of diabetes mellitus is described who had eaten a fish bone 4 days ago and went to "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital emergency room in Santiago de Cuba, due to disphony, disphagia for liquids, neck functional impotence and a 38 ºC fever. He had the diagnosis of an esophageal perforation in the cervical region, so he was admitted and operated as an emergency; 6 days later he underwent surgery again to check the cervicotomy and to carry out the opening of a septic fasciitis in the right side of the thorax. The patient had a satisfactory clinical course and he was discharged 35 days later.

Abscesso retrofaríngeo de evolução tardia após ingesta de corpo estranho / Late evolution retropharyngeal abscess after ingestion of foreign body

Introdução: As complicações relacionadas à ingesta de corpos estranhos, como o abscesso retrofaríngeo, são de baixa prevalência, no entanto potencialmente graves. Objetivo: Apresentar um caso de abscesso retrofaríngeo de evolução tardia após ingesta de corpo estranho. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino apresentando disfagia, dor a movimentação cervical e sensação de corpo estranho em faringe, cerca de um mês após remoção de corpo estranho no nível do músculo cricofaríngeo. Apesar de não apresentar febre ou leucocitose, devido à leve dificuldade de mobilização cervical e perda da crepitação laríngea foram realizados radiografia simples e tomografia computadorizada de pescoço, que demonstravam sinais de abscesso retrofaríngeo. Drenagem cirúrgica do abscesso e antibioticoterapia conduziram a boa evolução do quadro e reversão dos sintomas. Conclusão: Abscesso retrofaríngeo pode ocorrer várias semanas após ingesta de corpo estranho. Ausência de febre e leucocitose não exclui o diagnóstico mesmo em pacientes imunocompetentes. Um alto grau de suspeição conduz à realização de exames diagnósticos e conduta adequados.

Introduction: The complications relating to the ingestion of foreign bodies, such as retropharyngeal abscess, are of low prevalence, but potentially severe. Objective: To present one case of late evolution retropharyngeal abscess after ingestion of foreign body. Case Report: Female patient presenting with dysphagia, pain upon cervical motion and sensation of foreign body in the pharynx, about one month after removal of foreign body from the level of the cricopharyngeal muscle. In spite of not having fever or leukocytosis, due to the slight difficulty for cervical move and loss of the laryngeal crepitation, simple radiography and computed tomography were carried out in the neck, which showed signs of retropharyngeal abscess. Surgical draining of the abscess and antibiotic therapy led to good evolution of the case and symptoms reversion. Conclusion: The retropharyngeal abscess may occur during several weeks after ingestion of a foreign body. The absence of fever and leukocytosis does not exclude the diagnosis even in immunocompetent patients. A high degree of suspicion leads to the performance of diagnostic exams and suitable procedures.