ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the ultrasonic features of fetal isolated coronary artery fistula (CAF).@*Methods@#A total of 13 cases of fetal isolated CAF from December 2011 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Data of echocardiography and follow-up were collected.All cases were divided into retrograde group and no retrograde group based on the presence of diastolic retrograde flow in aortic arch. The inner diameters of affected coronary arteries (CA) and aortic annulus (AO) were measured, and the CA to AO ratios (CA/AO) were then calculated.Correlations between CA, CA/AO and the presence of retrograde flow were analyzed. Adverse birth outcomes including abortion, enlarged cardiac cavity, pulmonary hypertension were recorded at follow-up. Correlation between diastolic retrograde flow in aortic arch and the rate of adverse birth outcomes was analyzed.@*Results@#①Thirteen cases of fetal CAF were characterized by the varying degrees of dilation of affected coronary arteries. Thirteen cases were presented with abnormal blood flow in the large arteries or cardiac cavities: biphasic continuous flow pattern in atrio-coronary fistula and biphasic bidirectional continuous flow pattern with a diastolic dominant flow in coronary artery to ventricle fistula. Seven cases were presented with retrograde holodiastolic flow in aortic arch. ②The CA/AO ratios of retrograde group was higher than in no retrograde group [(0.63±0.24)mm vs (0.39±0.09)mm, P=0.047], there was no significant difference of CA between the two groups [(3.00±1.25)mm vs (2.03±0.62)mm, P=0.115]. ③The rate of adverse birth outcomes in retrograde group was higher than in no retrograde group (80% vs 20%, χ2=4.80, P=0.028).@*Conclusions@#Fetal isolated CAF has distinct ultrasonic features. Abnormal CA/AO ratio and diastolic retrograde flow in aortic arch are significant ultrasonic features and has prognostic values.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the ultrasonic features of fetal isolated coronary artery fistula ( CAF) . Methods A total of 13 cases of fetal isolated CAF from December 2011 to M arch 2018 were retrospectively analyzed . Data of echocardiography and follow‐up were collected .All cases were divided into retrograde group and no retrograde group based on the presence of diastolic retrograde flow in aortic arch . T he inner diameters of affected coronary arteries ( CA ) and aortic annulus ( AO ) were measured ,and the CA to AO ratios ( CA/AO ) were then calculated .Correlations between CA ,CA/AO and the presence of retrograde flow were analyzed . Adverse birth outcomes including abortion , enlarged cardiac cavity , pulmonary hypertension were recorded at follow‐up . Correlation between diastolic retrograde flow in aortic arch and the rate of adverse birth outcomes was analyzed . Results ① T hirteen cases of fetal CAF were characterized by the varying degrees of dilation of affected coronary arteries . T hirteen cases were presented with abnormal blood flow in the large arteries or cardiac cavities :biphasic continuous flow pattern in atrio‐ coronary fistula and biphasic bidirectional continuous flow pattern with a diastolic dominant flow in coronary artery to ventricle fistula . Seven cases were presented with retrograde holodiastolic flow in aortic arch . ②T he CA/AO ratios of retrograde group was higher than in no retrograde group [ ( 0 .63 ± 0 .24 ) mm vs ( 0 .39 ± 0 .09) mm , P ＝0 .047] ,there was no significant difference of CA between the two groups [ ( 3 .00 ± 1 .25) mm vs ( 2 .03 ± 0 .62) mm , P ＝0 .115] . ③T he rate of adverse birth outcomes in retrograde group was higher than in no retrograde group ( 80% vs 20% ,χ2 ＝4 .80 , P ＝0 .028) . Conclusions Fetal isolated CAF has distinct ultrasonic features . Abnormal CA/AO ratio and diastolic retrograde flow in aortic arch are significant ultrasonic features and has prognostic values .