Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente, paradigma de la historia y la medicina cubana / Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente, a paradigm of Cuban history and medicine

La vida y obra de algunos hombres y mujeres de la historia de la Medicina, transita a veces, sin artilugios, acompañadas tan solo de la humildad y la sabiduría de estos. Es por ello, que al resumir en breves líneas el tiempo de enseñanzas y heroicidades de estos paradigmas, solo se cumple con el noble objetivo de exponer a las nuevas generaciones la labor realizada por maestros, como lo fue, el Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente. A través de la realización de una revisión histórica de su vida y aportes y con la obtención de los datos por medio de la entrevista, el expediente laboral y académico como fuente primaria, se procesó la información. Los aportes de este internista estuvieron centrados en la especialidad de Medicina interna y en su actividad como líder del Ministerio de Salud Pública en diversos escenarios, pero el mayor de todos fue ser considerado una figura paradigmática de la salud pública. Se concluye que este médico cubano transitó de joven revolucionario y destacado estudiante a profesor de alto reconocimiento en la educación médica y figura inolvidable para todo el que lo conoció, con un merecido puesto entre los grandes de la historia de la Medicina cubana.

The life and work of some men and women in the history of medicine sometimes pass through without any gadgets, accompanied only by their humility and wisdom. That is why, when summarizing in few lines the time of teachings and heroisms of these paradigms, the noble objective of exposing to the new generations the work carried out by teachers such as Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente is fulfilled. A historical review of the life and contributions of the aforementioned doctor was carried out, and the information was processed by obtaining data from interviews as well as from his employment and academic records as a primary source. The contributions of this internist were focused on the specialty of internal medicine as well as on his activity as a leader of the Ministry of Public Health in various settings, but the greatest of all was to be considered as a paradigmatic figure of public health. It is concluded that this Cuban doctor went from being a revolutionary young man and an outstanding student to a highly recognized professor in medical education and an unforgettable figure for all who knew him, with a deserved position among the greats in the history of Cuban medicine.

Dr. Ángel Fernández Vila: Medicina y Revolución

Este trabajo refiere la historia del Dr. Ángel Fernández Vila, hombre que ha dedicado la vida al sacerdocio de la Medicina, además de su entrega incondicional a la Revolución. El acercamiento a su vida y obra se realizó a través de una entrevista realizada por la autora, con la que se logró que narrara los momentos más importantes de una larga trayectoria llena de logros y vivencias inolvidables. Desde su humilde origen en una Cuba sumida en la explotación, que contribuyó a liberar con su acción, hasta el quehacer después del triunfo de la Revolución que incluye su actividad como dirigente, militar, médico y profesor. Es por eso que el objetivo es valorar su vida y obra teniendo en cuenta la labor realizada. Es un ejemplo de consagración, valor, honradez, honor, entrega, humanismo y lealtad a la Revolución. El Dr. Fernández Vila tiene una brillante hoja de servicios y fecunda trayectoria revolucionaria, lo que lo hace distinguirse como combatiente en primera fila de la Revolución.

This paper is about the life story of Dr. Angel Fernández Vila, a humble and modest man who devoted his life to Medicine and gave himself totally to the work of the Revolution. An approach to the life and work if this outstanding doctor was achieved by an interview carried out by the author. He narrated the most important events of a long career full of unforgettable achievements and experiences, talked about his humble origin in a country which lived in the exploitation, and detailed the way he contributed to liberate it with his action and profession. After the triumph of the Revolution he worked as a leader, military man, medical doctor and professor; therefore, it is important to value his life and work considering his magnificent job. He is an example of dedication, values, honesty, honor, commitment, humanism and loyalty to the Revolution. Dr. Fernández has a distinguished record of service and a successful career and is a paradigm for all the health workers, what distinguishes himself as a combatant in the front line of the Revolution.

Alternancia política atípica en el municipio de Abasolo, Tamaulipas (1980-1983) / Atypical political alternation in the municipality of Abasolo, Tamaulipas (1980-1983)

RESUMEN El entrelazamiento de las convicciones ideológicas de la juventud del Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores (PST) en México y la experiencia victoriosa del reparto agrario con la fundación de los Nuevos Centros de Población Ejidal (NCPE), en el municipio de Abasolo, Tamaulipas, México, de los campesinos agrupados en Comités Ejecutivos Particulares Agrarios (CPEA), dieron lugar a la primera alternancia municipal de la historia contemporánea de Tamaulipas. El ayuntamiento fue reconocido constitucionalmente en 1983, siendo la única victoria electoral del PST en el estado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue documentar los antecedentes sobre la historia política y social del Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores (PST) de 1980 a 1983. El procedimiento de esta investigación fue histórica, con base en la triangulación de fuentes primarias y secundarias, siguiendo la premisa de que la política es la continuación de la guerra por otros medios. La historia del rompimiento de la hegemonía del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), en Abasolo, fue recreada con archivos históricos y entrevistas orales de diferentes actores sociales de la época. El PST alcanzó el reconocimiento constitucional del ayuntamiento en 1983 por 21 días, por lo que se dio una alternancia municipal atípica. Esta alternancia, resultó ser atípica no sólo por el hecho de que un partido distinto y de reciente creación ganara las elecciones, sino por las condiciones en las que se eligió el candidato y se dio el proceso electoral municipal, así como el modo en que el presidente municipal concluyó el periodo constitucional. Dichos sucesos posibilitaron la lucha político-electoral entre el PST y el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) en ese municipio.

ABSTRACT The interlacing between the ideological convictions of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) youth in Mexico, the victory of land distribution among the New Ejido Population Settlements (Nuevos Centros de Población Ejidal, NCPE), and the organization of farmers in Particular Executive Committees of Agriculture (Comités Ejecutivos Particulares Agrarios, CEPA), resulted in the first political alternation contemporary history of Tamaulipas, which took place in Abasolo municipality. The city council was constitutionally recognized in 1983, being the only electoral victory of the SWP in the state. The objective of this paper is to record the background of the political and social history of the SWP from 1980 to 1983. This was a historical research based on the triangulation of primary and secondary sources, following the assumption that politics is the prolongation of the war by other means. The history of the hegemony of the Institutional Revolutionary Party's (Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI) breakdown in Abasaolo was recreated through historical archives and oral interviews with different social actors of the time. The SWP achieved constitutional recognition from the city council in 1983 during 21 days, representing an atypical political alternation in the municipality. This alternation was atypical not only because a different party was elected, but also due to the conditions in which the electing process was conducted, how the elected candidate was chosen, and the manner in which the city mayor concluded the constitutional period. These events made the political struggle between the SWP and the PRI possible in this municipality.

Liberating the people from their "loathsome practices: " public health and "silent racism" in post-revolutionary Bolivia / Como libertar as pessoas de "práticas abomináveis": saúde pública e "racismo silencioso" na Bolívia pós-revolucionária

Abstract: After the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) took power in the 1952 National Revolution, the party expanded rural public health programs to address what early twentieth-century elites called the "Indian problem:" the idea that indigenous culture was an impediment to Bolivia's modernization. After 1952, the MNR used public health as a project of cultural assimilation, and state-sponsored health programs sought to culturally whiten the population by transforming personal habits. This essay analyzes the language with which health workers discussed the indigenous population to show that despite the regime's intention to move away from defining the rural population on racial terms, medical and political elites continued to define indigenous customs as an obstacle to progress and a remnant of an antiquated past.

Resumo: Quando o Movimento Nacionalista Revolucionário (MNR) assumiu o poder em 1952, programas de saúde pública rural foram usados para tratar do que as elites chamavam de "problema dos índios": a ideia de que a cultura indígena dificultaria a modernização da Bolívia. Após 1952, o MNR usou a saúde pública como projeto de assimilação cultural, e programas de saúde patrocinados pelo Estado queriam embranquecer culturalmente a população, transformando seus hábitos. Este estudo analisa a linguagem dos médicos quando falam dos indígenas para mostrar que, apesar de o regime tentar não definir a população rural em termos raciais, as elites médicas e políticas ainda enxergam os costumes indígenas como um obstáculo ao progresso e um resquício de passado antiquado.

Ideario salubrista de Fidel Castro como continuidad del legado martiano a la medicina revolucionaria cubana / The health care ideology of Fidel Castro as a continuity of José Martí legacy in Cuban revolutionary medicine

El trabajo sustenta la tesis de que las ideas del Apóstol constituyen un verdadero legado histórico, sirviendo de referente a la Generación del Centenario para sentar las bases de los postulados esenciales que rigen el Sistema de Salud en la Cuba revolucionaria: acceso, equidad y solidaridad de la medicina cubana, lo que representa un logro inigualable y un orgullo para todos los cubanos. El mismo se propone exponer alguna de las aristas del pensamiento revolucionario de José Martí acerca de la Medicina y la Salud, así como su influencia en el ideario fidelista, tan importante en la transformación del Sistema Nacional de Salud en la Cuba revolucionaria y resalta la decisiva visión y acción estratégica del líder histórico de la Revolución cubana en esta importante esfera, inspirado en la continuidad del pensamiento martiano, constituyendo un sentido homenaje al eterno Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz (AU).

This term sustains the thesis that the Apostle´s ideas are a true historical legacy, serving as a referent for the Generation of the Centenary to set the basis of the essential postulates ruling the Health System in the revolutionary Cuba: Cuban medicine access, equity and solidarity, representing an exceptional achievement and a proud for all the Cuban people. The purpose was exposing some of the aspects of José Marti's revolutionary thoughts on Medicine and Health, and also its influence on Fidel Castro ideology, so important in the transformation of the National Health System in the revolutionary Cuba. It is highlighted the decisive action and strategic vision of the Cuban Revolution historical leader in this important sphere inspired in the continuity of Jose Marti´s thoughts. Serve it as a deep homage to eternal Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz (AU).

Leituras transversais sobre o estatuto do intelectual na contemporaneidade / Cross-sectional reading on the statute of the intellectual in contemporary times

Este estudo é uma análise sobre o estatuto do intelectual a partir dos seus diferentes desdobramentos históricos e práticas políticas. Em um primeiro momento, percorre-se o estatuto do intelectual revolucionário a partir de uma diálogo crítico em relação ao marxismo ortodoxo, apontando-se as perspectivas que levaram o intelectual revolucionário a ser uma das grandes vozes entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX. O segundo momento é dedicado ao estatuto do intelectual orgânico. A partir de um olhar voltado para os textos gramscianos recolhem-se os indicativos do comprometimento deste intelectual com a sociedade através de um diálogo aberto entre a cultura e a hegemonia, possibilitando a emancipação das massas. Em um terceiro momento, o estudo percorre o estatuto do intelectual específico a partir de uma leitura de conceitos pensados por Foucault e articulados com a prática de um novo estilo da atividade intelectual a partir da segunda metade do século XX com o colapso das grandes ideologias e a proliferação de novas estratégias de resistência e ativismo voltados à problematização das práticas discursivas, dos jogos de poder e dos processos de subjetivação. A conclusão do artigo é direcionada para os apontamentos sobre o estatuto do intelectual na contemporaneidade a partir da construção de uma vida não fascista que implica a criação de um gesto polêmico que intensifica o questionamento perante as formas de opressão combatendo as políticas de identidade e as formas de totalização.

This study is a analysis on the statute of the intellectual from its different historical developments and political practices. At first, it approaches the status of the revolutionary intellectual from a critical dialogue in relation to orthodox Marxism, pointing to the prospects that led the revolutionary intellectual to be one of the great voices of the late 19th century and the beginning 20th century. The second stage is dedicated to statute of the organic intellectual. From a glance aimed at Gramscian texts, we collect the indicative of the commitment of this intellectual with society through an open dialogue between culture and hegemony, allowing the emancipation of the masses. In a third step, the study covers the statute of specific intellectual from a reading of concepts thought by Foucault and articulated with the practice of a new style of intellectual activity from the second half of the 20th century with the collapse of the great ideologies and the proliferation of new strategies of resistance and activism aimed at problematizing the discursive practices, the power plays and subjective processes. The conclusion of the article is directed to the notes on the statute of the intellectual in contemporary times with the construction of a non-facist life that implies creating a polemical gesture that enhances the questioning before the forms of oppression fighting identity politics and forms of totalization.

Honrar, Honra. Panel en Homenaje al Aniversario 85 del natalicio del Ministro Dr. Sergio del Valle Jiménez / To honour does one's honour. Panel paying Homage to Dr. Minister Sergio Del Valle Jiménez on occasion of his 85th birthday Anniversary

En homenaje al General de División y Héroe de la República de Cuba, Dr. Sergio del Valle Jiménez, excelente médico obstetra; militante del Movimiento 26 de Julio; combatiente de la Sierra Maestra; Jefe de la Fuerza Aérea al triunfo revolucionario; Jefe del Estado Mayor General de las FAR, cuando el ataque mercenario a Playa Girón y la Crisis de Octubre, momentos difíciles que compartiera con el Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz; Ministro del Interior (1968-1979) y Ministro de Salud Pública (1979-1985), se realizó un Coloquio en el Museo de la Revolución _gracias al apoyo solidario de su Director y equipo de especialistas y trabajadores- en vísperas del 85 Aniversario de su natalicio, el 15 de abril. El Panel estuvo integrado por compañeros, quienes compartieron distintas etapas de su vida estudiantil, laboral, de la clandestinidad y la Sierra Maestra, y las responsabilidades asumidas después del triunfo revolucionario. Una nutrida asistencia demostró su interés por conocer más del hombre excepcional a quien se recordaba en ese día. Todos los panelistas coincidieron en que las principales virtudes que destacaron a este admirado médico revolucionario son la honestidad, nobleza, modestia, firmeza revolucionaria, sentido de justicia, decisión y coraje. Dos interesantes intervenciones del público asistente, así lo corroboraban. La Moderadora, en las conclusiones, leyó dos juicios de valor emitidos por el máximo líder de la Revolución Cubana acerca del extraordinario hombre a quien se le rendía tributo, y agradeció a todos su asistencia, especialmente a las decenas de personas, quienes se mantuvieron de pie durante las dos horas del coloquio.

It was carried out a colloquy at the museum of the Revolution to do homage to General of Division and hero of the Republic of Cuba Dr. Sergio del Valle Jiménez, militant of "26 de Julio" movement, combatant at Sierra Maestra mountains, Commander of the Air Force at the Revolutionary triumph in 1959 and General chief of the revolutionary armed forces(FAR) when the mercenary attack in Playa Giron and the so called "October Crisis", these last two difficult moments that he shared with Commander in chief Fidel Castro Ruz, He was also in charge of the Cuban "Ministerio del Interior"during the period 1968 - 1979 and Minister of Public Health for six years (1979 - 1985). We would like to thanks the jointly support of the director of the museum as well as all the specialists and workers of this institution who made possible this activity on the eves of the 85th anniversary of his birthday on April 15th. The panelists of the activity were comrades of Dr.Sergio del Valle who shared different stages of his life as a student, worker, fighter at Sierra Maestra mountains and in charge of different responsabilities he assumed after the revolutionary victory in 1959. All the panelists had total coincidence when expressing the main virtues of this admired revolutionary doctor. Those virtues were honesty, modesty, sense of justice, decision and courage. At the end of the activity the moderator read two important considerations made by the leader of the Cuban revolution about Dr. Sergio del Valle and thanked all the persons who attended the colloquy specially those who remained standing for the two hours the activity lasted.

Enrique Area Arrondo: médico, cirujano, profesor, decano, revolucionario siempre / Enrique Area Arrondo: Doctor, surgeon, professor, dean, for ever revolutionary

El habanero de procedencia obrera, Enrique Área Arrondo comenzó la actividad laboral como oficinista, mientras estudiaba bachillerato. En 1962, empezó a estudiar Medicina como becario. Realizó su post-graduado en Oriente-Norte; laboró algunos meses en el Hospital de Marcané y luego como Subdirector del Hospital Regional de Mayarí; Jefe de los Servicios Médicos de la Defensa Civil del municipio y Jefe del Estado Mayor de los Servicios Médicos del Regional Mayarí-Sagua-Moa. De 1972 a 1974, fue miembro de la delegación médica cubana en Argelia. En 1974, inició la residencia en Cirugía en el Hospital General Calixto García, donde se graduó de especialista de Primer Grado en Cirugía General, en 1977. Desde 1981 hasta 1984, permaneció en Moscú, donde hizo estudios de Candidatura en Microcirugía en trasplantes. En octubre de 1993, fue designado Decano provisional de la Facultad de Medicina General Calixto García y, al año siguiente, con carácter definitivo. Desde ese cargo, constituyó la primera cátedra de Bioética del país, en marzo de 1995. Diagnosticado con cáncer de pulmón el 17 de enero de 1996, en apenas 5 meses evolucionó hacia la muerte, ocurrida el 26 de junio del mismo año; dejaba la profunda huella de su ejemplo de médico, profesor y revolucionario(AU)

The Havanan from a working-class origin, Enrique Área Arrondo, started working as a clerk while he was studying High School. In 1962 he began to study medicine as a boarding student. His postgraduate work was carried out in the Northeastern region of Cuba. He worked for a few months at the hospital in Marcané, then as Vice Director of the regional Hospital in Mayarí, Head of the Municipal Civil Defense Medical Service and Head of the general staff of the regional medical services in Mayarí-Sagua-Moa. From 1972 to 1974 he was a member of the medical Cuban delegation in Algeria. In 1974 he began his residency in surgery at General Calixto García Hospital, graduating as a first degree General Surgeon in 1977. From 1981 to 1984 he stayed in Moscow where he specialized on Microsurgery in Transplants. In October, 1993 he was appointed as the provisional Dean of General Calixto García Medical Sciences School, and officially named the following year. From that position he created Cuba's first Bioethics professorship in March, 1995. Diagnosed with Lung Cancer, on January 17, 1996, in barely five months, he passed away on June 26, leaving a deep legacy as a doctor, professor and revolutionary(AU)

Dr. Eberto Cue Reyes, estomatólogo al servicio de la Revolución / Dr. Eberto Cué Reyes, odontologist at the service of the revolution

Hombre es algo más que ser torpemente vivo: es entender una misión, ennoblecerla y cumplirla, dijo José Martí en una de sus obras. El Dr Eberto Cué Reyes es uno de esos hombres que desde temprana edad asumió tareas que con el decursar de su vida ha logrado ennoblecerlas y cumplirlas con creces, la tarea de patriota y revolucionario primero y la de estomatólogo después. Este estomatólogo se ha caracterizado por ser un hombre de vanguardia, quien ha estado siempre en la primera fila de todas las batallas, comenzando desde las aulas del Instituto Núm.1 de La Habana hasta hoy, al encontrarse en plena labor en el Departamento de Relaciones Internacionales del Ministerio de Salud Pública, destacándose por valores como patriotismo, laboriosidad, responsabilidad, internacionalismo, honradez, discre-ción y, sobre todo, por su modestia y sencillez, sabiéndose feliz por el deber cumplido. Merece por tal razón, ser conocida su vida y obra. De ahí que sea objetivo de este trabajo dar a conocer en un primer intento, una pequeña biografía de él para que constituya en manos del claustro de profesores de la Facultad de Estomatología y, en última instancia, de todo el Instituto, una herramienta en la realización de la labor educativa de formar a sus estudiantes en los valores de patriotismo y responsabilidad. Las autoras de este trabajo pudieron conformarlo a través de la entrevista, recopilación.

Man is something more than just being alive: It is to understand a mission, to ennoble and accomplish it, José Martí said in one of his works. Dr Eberto Cue Reyes is one of those men that since their very early years fulfilled the task, firstly, as a patriot and revolutionary and after that as a doctor in Odontology, and as his life went on, he achieved ennobling and accomplishing thouroughly. His life has been characterized by being a vanguard man that has always been on the front _line of all battles from the classroom of Havana's No. 1 Institute to being currently working hard and in charge of the Foreign Affairs Department in the Health Ministry (MINSAP), being outstanding for his patriotical values, laboriousness, responsibility, internationalism, integrity, discretion and, above all, his modesty and plainness, feeling happy because of the satisfaction for the accomplished duty. For this reason, he and his life deserve to be known as well as his and works. Then, it is this work's purpose to offer a small biography of his as well as an instrument to the teaching-staff of the Havana School of Dentistry and also to the Institute that could help and enable them in the educational task of forming the patriotic values and responsibilities of the students. The authors of this work could come with this biography throughout the summary and chronological guide-lines of facts, different reviews, newspapers and other bibliography sources.

Dr. alberto yer velasco paradigma de la anestesiologia Cubana / Dr. Alberto Yero Velazco, a paradigm for Anesthesiology in Cuba

Para poder realizar este trabajo, buscamos entre toda la documentación del doctor Alberto Yero Velasco, y en ella encontramos reflejados aspectos importantes de su vida, durante la niñez y juventud, estudios realizados, vida laboral y su actividad como profesor de distintas Facultades de Ciencias Médicas, así como su quehacer científico tanto en Medicina como en otras Ciencias. Destacamos toda su actividad política y revolucionaria antes y después del triunfo de la Revolución. Accedimos a su expediente de la Universidad de La Habana y su Tesis de Grado en el Museo Carlos J. Finlay, y a toda la documentación en la que se manifiesta su actividad como médico en Cuba y en el Estado de Illinois en la ciudad de Chicago, donde vivió 7 años. También nos entrevistamos con su esposa para obtener otros datos de interés general para valorar la hermosa vida de consagración a la enseñanza de la Anestesiología en Cuba. Con ellos, conformamos esta biografía.

To be able to carry out this work we gave ourselves to the task of looking for among the whole documentation that taenia the paradigmatic doctor Alberto Yero Velasco, and in her we are reflected, important aspects of their life during the niñes youth studies carried out labor life and of their activity like professor of different Abilities of Sciences you Prescribe as well as of their chore scientist so much of medicine as of other Sciences. We consented to their file of the University of the Havana and their Thesis of Grade in the Museum Carlos J. Finlay as well as to the whole documentation that the kept taenia where he/she is reflected their activity like I prescribe in Cuba and in the State of Illinois in the city of Chicago where he/she lived seven years, we Also interview with their wife to obtain other data of general interest to value the beautiful consecration life to the teaching of the Anesthesiology in Cuba. With these data we conform this biography.