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Objective To analyze the content and variation rules of 10 constituents in radix, rhizome, and leaf of Rheum officinale at one-, two-, and three-year-old stage, respectively, and provide theoretical guidance for efficient production and quality control of the crud drug. Methods The content of each constituent in R. officinale was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and one factor analysis of variance and multiple comparison were performed by SPSS 24.0. Results HPLC system was established for the determination of 10 components in R. officinale. The linear range was good (r2 > 0.997), RSD of precision, stability, and repeatability were less than 2%, and the recoveries were 96.10%—107.10%, respectively. The content analyses showed that, in the same part, the content of gallic acid decreased significantly year by year or at the 2nd growth years (P 3 > 2 (P 1 > 2 (P radix > leaf (P < 0.05). Conclusion The HPLC based determination of 10 constituents in R. officinale showed that the accumulation profiles of the samples at different years or from different parts varied. For the same parts, the contents of most constituents increased year by year. During the same growth year, the contents of most constituents in radix or rhizome were higher than those in leaf. The radix and rhizome of the three years old samples had the highest contents of main constituents.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin in 3 processed products of Rheum officinale. METHODS： RP-HPLC method was established. The determination was performed on Thermo ScientificTM Hypersil GOLD Dim column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 278 nm， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear range of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin were 0.126 2-1.262 0 μg（r＝0.999 9）， 0.036 2-0.362 0 μg（r＝0.999 9） and 0.177 9-1.779 4 μg（r＝0.999 8）， respectively. Quantitative limits were 25.4， 28.2， 62.5 ng， and detection limits were 6.2， 3.6， 11.8 ng， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， repeatability and durability tests were all less than 3％. The recoveries ranged from 94.64％-102.71％（RSD＝2.74％， n＝9）， 95.35％-102.49％（RSD＝2.44％， n＝9）， 93.56％-103.66％（RSD＝3.27％， n＝9）. The determination results showed that the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in prepared R. officinale were higher， and the order of both were prepared R. officinale＞steamed R. officinale＞raw R. officinale. The content of catechin in raw R. officinale was higher， and the order of it was raw R. officinale＞ steamed R. officinale＞prepared R. officinale. CONCLUSIONS： The method is sensitive， reliable and reproducible. It can be used to determine the contents of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechins in 3 processed products of R. officinale simultaneously.
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Objective To adopt the capillary electrophoresis(HPCE) for detecting the contents of emodin,chrysophanol and rhein in the extract of rheum officinale.Methods The detection was executed with a fused-silica capillary column(67.4 cm× 75.0 μm,effective length 51.0cm) as the separation column.The buffer solution consisted of 60 mmol/L Na2B4O7,40 mmol/L Na2CO3 and 40 mmol β-cyclodextrin(pH 8.9).The detection wavelength was 254 nm.Results RSD of precision in emodin,chrysophanol and rhein was 1.79％,4.46％ and 2.30％.respectively The linear range of 3 components was 1.1-19.0 mg/mL;the average recovery rates of emodin,chrysophanol and rhein were 100.14 ％,99.65 ％ and 98.44 ％ respectively,RSD was 2.43 ％,2.54 ％ and 2.02％ respectively(n=3).Conclusion The method can be used in the content determination of rheum officinale extract.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Rhubarb water extract gavage combined with external application of mirabilite and western medicine in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods A total of 62 patients with SAP meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 31 cases in each group. The control group was treated with western medicine routine treatment. The study group was given the combination of raw and rhubarb water infusion and mirabilite external application on the basis of the control group. After treated with 28 d, the duration of blood purification, abdominal pain disappeared time, blood amylase recovery time, bowel peristalsis recovery time, hospitalization time and 28 d mortality were observed in the 2 groups. Results The duration of blood purification time, abdominal pain disappeared time, blood amylase recovery time, bowel peristalsis recovery time, hospitalization time of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.434, 2.507, 2.804, 2.318, 2.614, P<0.05). After treatment 1, 3, 7 d, the level of D-lactic acid in the study group was respectively which were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=38.752, 36.975, 36.018, P<0.05). The level of DAO in the study group was respectively which were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=4.119, 4.632, 3.907, P<0.05). The level of ET in the study group was respectively which were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=25.699, 23.805, 24.472, P<0.05). The level of hs-CRP in the study group was respectively which were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=4.791, 5.025, 5.288, P<0.05). The level of PCT in the study group was respectively which were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=4.350, 4.742, 6.012, P<0.05). The APACHE II scores in the study group were respectively which were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=3.988, 4.350, 5.722, P<0.01). Conclusions The application of Rhubarb water extract gavage combined with external application of mirabilite and western medicine in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis can protect the intestinal mucosal barrier of SAP patients, reduce the level of inflammatory reaction, shorten the time of symptom relief and improve the curative effect.
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Objective: To explore the effect of Rheum officinale extracts (ROE) on activity of intestinal stem cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: The control group was fed with normal cornmeal-yeast medium, and the experimental group was fed with cornmeal-yeast medium containing 0.05 or 0.1 g/mL ROE. In the experiment, the gut damage was induced by feeding D. melanogaster with toxic compounds. The effects of ROE on survival rate, number and morphology of progenitor cells, proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), number of intestinal epithelial dead cells and life span of D. melanogaster were detected and analyzed. Results: ROE (0.05 and 0.1 g/mL) could increase the survival rate of D. melanogaster induced by toxic compounds. ROE (0.1 g/mL) could decrease SDS-induced ROS levels, reduce the number of intestinal epithelial dead cells, inhibit excessive proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cell, alleviate the excessive accumulation of progenitor cells, thereby maintain homeostasis in the gut. In addition, ROE could prolong the lifespan of D. melanogaster. Conclusion: ROE can inhibit excessive proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, enhance gut immune function, and prolong the life span of D. melanogaster.
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Objective To observe the effect of rhubarb enema on serum level of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods A total of 60 cases of patients with SAP in our hospital were collected from October 2014 to October 2016,and were randomly divided into the observation group and control group (30 cases in each group).Serum levels of HMGB1 were dynamically detected on the 1st,3rd and 5th day after admission.The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) was conducted.The recovery time of gastrointestinal function and time for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were observed.Results On the 1st day after admission,no statistically significant difference was found in serum level of HMGB1 between the two groups (P＞0.05).The serum level of HMGB1 in the observation group was obviously decreased on the 5th day after admission,which was lower than that in the control group,there was statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).In the observation group,the value of difference between serum level of HMGB1 on the 1st day after admission and that on the 3rd day after admission was significantly negatively related with the APACHE Ⅱ score on the 3rd day after admission(r=-0.604,P＜0.05).In the observation group,the remission time of abdominal pain and abdominal distension,first time of exhaust and defecation and time for CRRT were significantly shorter than those in the control group,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion Rhubarb could improvesymptoms and prognosis of patients with SAP through effectively inhibit the expression of HMGB1.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint sticking plus hot compress by moxa-salt bag in treating constipation after acute cerebral stroke.Method Eighty patients with constipation after cerebral stroke were randomly allocated to a treatment group and a control group by using random number table method according to registration order, 40 cases each. The control group was intervened by acupoint sticking at umbilicus with rawDa Huang (Rheum Officinale), and the treatment group was additionally given hot compress using moxa-salt bag. The treatment was given once a day, for consecutive 3 days in total. The first defecation time, stool shape and defecation sensation were observed in the two groups. The clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result The total effective rate was 90.0％ in the treatment group versus 72.5％ in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, there was statistically significant difference in comparing the first defecation time between the two groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, the incidence rate of soft stool was 85.0％ and that of hard stool was 15.0％ in the treatment group versus 40.0％ and 60.0％ in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence rate of pleasant defecation sensation was 80.0％ and that of difficult defecation was 20.0％ in the treatment group versus 35.0％ and 65.0％ in the control group after the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupoint sticking plus hot compress by moxa-salt bag is an effective method in treating constipation after acute cerebral stroke.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint sticking plus hot compress by moxa-salt bag in treating constipation after acute cerebral stroke.Method Eighty patients with constipation after cerebral stroke were randomly allocated to a treatment group and a control group by using random number table method according to registration order, 40 cases each. The control group was intervened by acupoint sticking at umbilicus with rawDa Huang (Rheum Officinale), and the treatment group was additionally given hot compress using moxa-salt bag. The treatment was given once a day, for consecutive 3 days in total. The first defecation time, stool shape and defecation sensation were observed in the two groups. The clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result The total effective rate was 90.0％ in the treatment group versus 72.5％ in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, there was statistically significant difference in comparing the first defecation time between the two groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, the incidence rate of soft stool was 85.0％ and that of hard stool was 15.0％ in the treatment group versus 40.0％ and 60.0％ in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence rate of pleasant defecation sensation was 80.0％ and that of difficult defecation was 20.0％ in the treatment group versus 35.0％ and 65.0％ in the control group after the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupoint sticking plus hot compress by moxa-salt bag is an effective method in treating constipation after acute cerebral stroke.
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Objective To detect the effect of Rhubarb retention enema on patients with acute pancreatitis(AP).MethodsA total of 84 AP patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the control group(n=42) and Rhubarb enema observation group(n=42). Control group was treated with fasting, continuous gastrointestinal decompression, correcting water electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, with the oral administration of octreotide and gabexatemesilate to inhibit pancreatic secretion and enzyme activity. On the basis of the control group, the observation group was treated with rhubarb retention enema. IL-17, IL-10, and IL-6 expression was detected by ELISA analysis. The clinical effect was compared.Results The clinical effect rate (85.7%vs.71.4%,χ2=2.366,P=0.043) in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group. After treatment of 7 days, IL-17 (13.53 ± 3.16 ng/mlvs. 20.63 ± 4.83 ng/ml,t=2.416) and IL-6 (22.82 ± 4.56 ng/mlvs. 31.59 ± 6.63 ng/ml,t=2.421) expression was significantly lower and IL-10 (16.32 ± 4.15 ng/mlvs. 12.17 ± 3.22 ng/ml,t=2.326) expression was significantly higher in observation group than those in control group(P<0.05). The reduction of blood amylase (125.69 ± 32.47 U/Lvs. 259.26 ± 51.44 U/L,t=7.451) and urine amylase (204.73 ± 43.83 U/Lvs. 334.25 ± 60.18 U/L,t=7.323) in the observation group was significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). Abdominal pain and abdominal distension recovery time (4.24 ±1.06 dvs. 3.02 ± 0.62 d,t=2.521), exhaust gas and defecation recovery time (5.42 ± 1.25 dvs. 3.26 ± 0.73 d,t=5.124), temperature recovery time (5.63 ± 1.46 dvs. 4.58 ± 0.92 d,t=2.418), and hospitalization time (18.65 ± 4.16 dvs. 13.78 ± 3.15 d,t=2.386) were higher in control group than those in observation group (P<0.05 orP<0.01). Conclusion Rhubarb enema can regulate the IL-17/ IL-10, and inhibit the inflammatory reaction.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofDa Huang (Rheum Officinale) powder application at Shenque (CV 8) in treating incomplete intestinal obstruction.Method Fifty-eight patients with incomplete intestinal obstruction were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 29 cases in each group. The control group was by enema with laxative medicine, while the treatment group was byDa Huang (Rheum Officinale) application at Shenque (CV 8) in addition to enema. The time of gassing and defecation, and abdominal bloating intensity were observed.Result The time of gassing and defecation and abdominal bloating intensity in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionDa Huang (Rheum Officinale) application at Shenque (CV 8) is an effective approach in treating incomplete intestinal obstruction.
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Objective: To explore the regulation effect of Rheum palmatum (R. palmatum) L. on NF-κB signaling pathway of ALF mice. Methods: The intraperitoneal injection of d-GalN/LPS was employed for the model building. Mice in the treatment group and positive control group were given the R. palmatum L. and bifendate before the model building. Mice in the normal group were given the intraperitoneal injection of equivalent normal saline for continuously 3 d. After 16 h of model building, the blood was collected from eyeballs of mice and then mice were executed. The measurement was performed on the content of ALT, AST, NO and Il-1β in the serum of mice in each group, as well as the activity of Caspase 3 and Caspase 8 in the liver tissue. HE staining was employed to detect the pathological morphology of liver; and the western blot was used to detect the expression of iNOS, COX-2, Bax, Bcl-2, PCNA, NF-κB p65 and IκBα. Results: The content of ALT, AST, NO and Il-1β in the serum and the activity of Caspase 3 and Caspase 8 in the liver tissue were increased in the mice of ALF model group. Besides, the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and Bax was increased, the expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA was decreased, the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα was significant and the treatment group of R. palmatum L. could inhibit such change. Conclusions: Through NF-κB signaling pathway, the R. palmatum L. could reduce the content of enzyme of liver function and inflammation factor in the serum of ALF mice, regulate the expression of cell apoptosis-related protein and improve the symptoms of ALF mice.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the regulation effect of Rheum palmatum (R. palmatum) L. on NF-κB signaling pathway of ALF mice.@*METHODS@#The intraperitoneal injection of d-GalN/LPS was employed for the model building. Mice in the treatment group and positive control group were given the R. palmatum L. and bifendate before the model building. Mice in the normal group were given the intraperitoneal injection of equivalent normal saline for continuously 3 d. After 16 h of model building, the blood was collected from eyeballs of mice and then mice were executed. The measurement was performed on the content of ALT, AST, NO and Il-1β in the serum of mice in each group, as well as the activity of Caspase 3 and Caspase 8 in the liver tissue. HE staining was employed to detect the pathological morphology of liver; and the western blot was used to detect the expression of iNOS, COX-2, Bax, Bcl-2, PCNA, NF-κB p65 and IκBα.@*RESULTS@#The content of ALT, AST, NO and Il-1β in the serum and the activity of Caspase 3 and Caspase 8 in the liver tissue were increased in the mice of ALF model group. Besides, the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and Bax was increased, the expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA was decreased, the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα was significant and the treatment group of R. palmatum L. could inhibit such change.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Through NF-κB signaling pathway, the R. palmatum L. could reduce the content of enzyme of liver function and inflammation factor in the serum of ALF mice, regulate the expression of cell apoptosis-related protein and improve the symptoms of ALF mice.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Da Huang (Rheum Officinale) application at Shenque (CV 8) on constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture. Methods:Seventy-four patients with constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table, 37 cases in each group. The two groups both received ordinary treatment (including healthcare guidance, emotional care, diet arrangement, and defecation nursing), while the observation group was additionally givenDa Huang (Rheum Officinale) application at Shenque (CV 8) for 6 h each day. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after successive 3-day treatment. Results:After 3-day treatment, it took significantly less time for the observation group to conduct the first flatulence and defecation than for the control group (P<0.05); the therapeutic efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:Da Huang (Rheum Officinale) application at Shenque (CV 8) is effective in treating constipation after lumbar vertebral fracture operation, and it’s easy-to-operate and well accepted by patients, hence it’s proper to promote this method in clinic.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of rhubarb on intestinal mucosal damage in septic rats by comparing with ulinastatin.Methods A total of 84 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (half male,half female),aged 3 months,weighing 200-330 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the random number table:control group (group C,n =6),sham operation group (group S,n =6),sepsis group (group Sep),rhubarb group (group R,n=24) and ulinastatin group (group U,n=24).Sepsis was induced by cecum ligation and puncture.In group R,rhubarb 1.2 g/100 g was dissolved in normal saline at room temperature,3 and 4 h later the filtrate about 2-3 ml was obtained and injected through a gastric tube into stomach once every 12 h,and 72 h later sepsis was induced.In group U,ulinastatin 50 000 U/kg (in 2 ml of normal saline) was injected once every 24 h,and 72 h later sepsis was induced.In Sep,R and U groups,at 6,12,24 and 48 h after ligation (T1 4),blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus for determination of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity.Results The activity of plasma DAO was significantly higher at T1-4 in Sep,R and U groups than in C and S groups.The activity of plasma DAO was significantly lower at T3,4 in R and U groups than in Sep group.There was no statistical difference in the plasma DAO activity between R group and U group.Conclusion Rhubarb can reduce intestinal mucosal damage in septic rats,which is similar to that of ulinastatin.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of mirabilite and rheum officinale combined with pulse high-volume hemofiltration(PHVHF)in treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods A total of 11 patients with SAP in Department of Critical Care Medicine of Qiannan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guizhou Province received the combined treatment of external application of mirabilite,gavage of rheum officinale decoction and PHVHF. The changes in abdominal symptoms,vital signs,blood gas analysis,blood biochemical indicators,and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHEⅡ)score,Ranson score and prognosis were observed and compared before and after treatment. Results After treatment,the patients' fever〔body temperature(℃):37.31±0.13 vs. 39.12±0.12〕,tachycardia〔heart rate(beats/min):106±17 vs. 123±22〕, respiratory distress〔respiratory frequency(times/min):23±6 vs. 31±5〕and other symptoms were ameliorated in different degrees,and the APACHE Ⅱ score(9.1±2.2 vs. 21.2±8.2),Ranson score(3.2±1.1 vs. 5.8±1.3)were decreased significantly ,all the above indexes compared before and after treatment being of statistical significant differences(all P<0.05). The indexes of hemodynamics of 10 survival patients were stable,heart rate(beats/min:106±17 vs. 123±22)was decreased,and mean arterial pressure〔MAP,mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):73±6 vs. 41±5〕was increased gradually(both P<0.05). After treatment,serum amylase〔AMY(U/L):367.3±102.3 vs. 923.5±351.7〕,alanine aminotransferase〔ALT(U/L):63.3±23.2 vs. 201.5±123.2〕,total bilirubin〔TBil (μmol/L):22.1±20.1 vs. 56.1±63.2〕,serum creatinine〔SCr(μmol/L):132.1±23.5 vs. 392.4±12.2〕,urea nitrogen〔BUN(mmol/L):9.5±4.9 vs. 19.2±5.9〕, K+(mmol/L:4.2±0.2 vs. 5.6±2.1) were significantly decreased,arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide〔(PaCO2,mmHg):35.1±7.1 vs. 27.2±5.5〕,arterial partial pressure of oxygen〔PaO2(mmHg):93.2±13.2 vs. 49.1±7.2〕and oxygenation index(mmHg:187.1±28.5 vs. 148.2±32.7),Na+(mmol/L:132.1±19.1 vs. 127.1±42.1)were significantly increased compared with those before treatment, there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The combined treatment of mirabilite,rheum officinale and PHVHF has significant effects on the treatment of patients with SAP,and it can be one of the assistant therapies of SAP.
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Objective: To establish a method for the quality control of the extracts from the aerial parts of Rheum officinale (EARO) based on multi-assay depending on one determination (MDOD). Methods: The quality control of EARO was carried out through the thin-layer chromatography(TLC), discrimination of chromatographic peak in fingerprint, ultraviolet spectrophotometric, and HPLC methods. The relative correction factors of aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, and physcione for detecting emodin were set up, the factors were used to measure their contents, and the method was adopted to the quality control of EARO. Results: The experimental and control samples in TLC showed the same colored spots at the same position in EARO, five characteristic peaks among six were identified, and showed a good linear relationship at the range of 4.944-29.664 μg/mL (r = 0.9990). The method of MDOD showed the recoveries of aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcione were 97.08%, 95.78%, 100.60%, and 97.47%, and the RSD values were 3.32%, 2.42%, 3.72%, and 2.67%. There were no significant differences between MDOD method and external standard method. Conclusion: TLC and fingerprint could be used to identify the chemical constituents in EARO, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry could be used to control the quantity of the total anthraquinone. The method of MDOD could be used to quantitatively control the contents of aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcione, and the method is simple and accurate, which has a higher repeatability.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the process of extacting effective constituents from aerial part of Rheum officinale Baill by Plackett-Burman design combined with CCD response surface methodology. METHODS: In Plackett-Burman combined with CCD response surface design, the independent variables were concentration of ethanol, extraction time, and solvent fold. The dependent variables were contents of total anthraquinone and rheum emodin. RESULTS: The optimal extraction process of total anthraquinone was as follows: 67.25% ethanol, 90 min for reflux per time, 28:1 fold of solvent and 2 times of extraction; the optimal extraction process of emodin was 85% ethanol, 90 min for reflux per time, 40 fold of solvent and 2 times of extration. CONCLUSION: The optimal process is simpleand convenient for extracting aerial part of Rheum officinale Baill with high precision and predictability. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
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Objective To study the effect of Rhubarb as a supplemental emergency treatment for acute omethoate Poisoning (AOMP). Methods 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: slight intoxication group, severe intosieation group, therapeutial group of Rhubarb after severe intoxication and normal control group. The intoxication experimental model (one slight group, two severe groups) were made by intragastrically given at different dose of Omethoate. The severe group was received Rhubarb treatment. Results The rats action in Rhubarb treated group was significantly better than that in control group, and the level of cholinesterase (ChE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum st different time were significantly higher than those in other two intoxication groups. (P<0. 05 or P <0.01).Conclusions Rhubarb might be good for AOMP as a supple mental emergency therapy.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare content of anthraquinones in the decoction and maceration of Rheum officinale.METHODS: Aloe emodin and four other components in R.officinale were taken as analysis objects.HPLC was used to determine the content of nomadic anthraquinone,conjugated anthraquinone and total anthraquinone in R.officinale during decoction process and maceration process.RESULTS: The linear range of aloe emodin,rhein,emodin and chrysophanol were 0.03～0.64?g and the linear range of physcion were 0.01～0.34 ?g.The concentration of total anthraquinones in decoction process was much higher than in maceration process.The change of dissolution of nomadic anthraquinones in two processes kept stable with process time.The content of conjugated anthraquinones in two processes was all decreased to some extent.CONCLUSION: The concentrations of anthraquinones in R.officinale are influenced by decoction process and maceration process.
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Objective To explore the preventive effects of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Granule on the occurrence of complicated stress ulcer of stomach (CSUS) in rats after cerebral infarction (CI) and its mechanism. Methods Rat models wi t h CI were established by the occlusion of middle cerebral artery. Preventive tre at ment of CSUS in rats after CI with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Granule was carried out . Results As compared with the control group (Group A),apoptosis index of gastric mucosal cells was decreased and prolifer ation index increased, 5_HT level and noradrenaline (NE) content in gastric muco sa and plasma were declined, gastric and cholic acid reduced and pH value incre a sed in gastric juice of the treatment group(Group B) (P