Uveítis, complicación ocular de enfermedades reumatológicas / Uveitis, ocular complication of rheumatologic diseases

Las espondiloartropatías constituyen una de las causas más frecuentes de uveítis anteriores. Las uveítis asociadas a espondiloartropatías se encuadran dentro del grupo de las uveítis relacionadas con el antígeno de histocompatibilidad HLA-B27. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una revisión de las uveítis asociadas a las espondiloartropatías seronegativas (espondilitis anquilosante, artropatía psoriásica, artritis reactiva o síndrome de Reiter y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal), así como la afectación ocular en el contexto de la artritis reumatoide del adulto y la artritis idiopática juvenil. Las manifestaciones oculares, que incluyen epiescleritis, escleritis, queratitis ulcerosa periférica y enfermedad del ojo seco, se pueden encontrar hasta en el 39 por ciento de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide. La uveítis anterior aguda unilateral recidivante es la más frecuente en las espondiloartropatías, y puede ser la forma de inicio de una espondiloartropatía no diagnosticada previamente. La colaboración entre oftalmólogos y reumatólogos o internistas es fundamental para el correcto manejo y tratamiento de estos pacientes(AU)

Spondyloarthropathies are one of the most frequent causes of anterior uveitis. Uveitis associated with spondyloarthropathies fall within the group of uveitis related to the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27. To present a review of uveitis associated with seronegative spondyloarthropathies (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthropathy, reactive arthritis or Reiter's syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease), as well as ocular involvement in the context of adult rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis Juvenile idiopathic. Ocular manifestations, including episcleritis, scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and dry eye disease, can be found in up to 39 percent of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Recurrent unilateral acute anterior uveitis is the most frequent in spondyloarthropathies, and can be the initiation of a previously undiagnosed spondyloarthropathy. Collaboration between ophthalmologists and rheumatologists or internists is essential for the correct management and treatment of these patients(AU)

Valoración de limitaciones en reumatología. Herramientas más utilizadas en la práctica / Assessment of limitations in rheumatology. Tools most used in practice

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades reumáticas son patologías de alta prevalencia, impacto y repercusión, caracterizadas por dolor y limitación funcional. Para valorar la limitación, la historia clínica es el punto de partida, junto con las pruebas específicas necesarias, según el tipo de padecimiento. De forma complementaria, se recomienda el uso de herramientas clinimétricas. Objetivo: Comparar algunas herramientas o cuestionarios usados en las enfermedades reumáticas más prevalentes, revisando la bibliografía para destacar sus aportes y su utilidad en la labor del médico con finalidad clínica o pericial. Método: Se revisan las características básicas de los cuestionarios y herramientas más usadas en: osteoartritis, artritis reumatoide y artritis psoriásica, espondilitis anquilosante y lupus eritematoso sistémico. Se revisa en Medline la experiencia de los autores con algunos cuestionarios en función de la patología y de sus diversos usos. Resultados: Los cuestionarios se utilizan en su mayoría para la valoración de la calidad de vida, la discapacidad y la evolución clínico-terapéutica de los pacientes. No hay acuerdo entre los autores sobre si existe prioridad en el uso de algún cuestionario concreto por patología y se tiende a combinar varios. Los cuestionarios genéricos más utilizados son SF-36, NHP y EQ-5D. Por enfermedades: en artritis reumatoide, HAQy DAS28; en osteoartritis, WOMAC y Knoos; en Lupus, SLEDAI y BICLA, y en espondilitis, BASDAI y ASDAS. Conclusiones: En reumatología los cuestionarios son de uso habitual y resultan de utilidad de forma complementaria a la historia clínica y a las pruebas específicas. La elección por el profesional médico se basa en su experiencia y en la adecuación al objetivo buscado.

Abstract Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are high prevalence, high impact and repercussion pathologies characterised by pain and functional limitation. To assess the limitation, the starting point is the clinical history, together with the specific tests required according to the type of condition. The use of complimentary clinometric tools is recommended. Objective: To compare some tools or questionnaires used in the most prevalent rheumatic diseases, and a review of the literature to highlight their contributions and usefulness in medical practice by the clinician or expert. Method: A review is made of the basic characteristics of the questionnaires and the most used tools in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The experience of the authors is reviewed in Medline, with some questionnaires depending on the pathology and its various uses. Results: The questionnaires are used mainly to assess the quality of life, disability, and clinical-therapeutic evolution of patients. There is no agreement among the authors on whether there is a priority in the use of a specific questionnaire by pathology, and there is a tendency to combine several. The most commonly used generic questionnaires are SF-36, NHP and EQ-5D. For diseases: in rheumatoid arthritis, the HAQ and DAS28; in osteoarthritis, WOMAC and Knoos; in lupus, SLEDAI and BICLA; and in spondylitis, BASDAI and ASDAS. Conclusions: In rheumatology, questionnaires are commonly used, and are useful as a complement to the clinical history and specific tests. The choice by the medical professional is based on their experience and on the adaptation to the objective sought.

La melatonina y su rol en los procesos inflamatorios / Melatonin and its role in inflammatory processes

La melatonina es una hormona neuroendocrina pleiotrópica, producida principalmente por la glándula pineal que regula el ritmo circadiano, es antiinflamatoria, inmunomoduladora, neuroprotectora, antioxidante. Se realizó una revisión sobre el tema empleando artículos de libre acceso en la base de datos Pubmed en el período de enero del 2013 a septiembre del 2018 con el objetivo de describir el rol de esta biomolécula en algunas enfermedades autoinmunes y reumatológicas, así como en otros procesos inflamatorios agudos y crónicos. La melatonina ha demostrado acciones favorables cuando se administra en enfermedades como la esclerosis múltiple, diabetes mellitus tipo l, cáncer. No obstante, puede empeorar las crisis en la artritis reumatoide(AU)

Melatonin is a pleiotropic neuroendocrine hormone, produced mainly by the pineal gland that regulates the circadian rhythm, is anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antioxidant. A review on the subject was performed using articles of free access in the Pubmed database from January 2013 to September 2018 with the aim of describing the role of this biomolecule in some autoimmune and rheumatological diseases, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Melatonin has shown favorable actions when it is administered in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus type I, cancer. However, it can worsen crises in rheumatoid arthritis(AU)

Interventional Pain Management in Rheumatological Diseases: A Three Years Physiatric Experience in a Tertiary Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh

BACKGROUND: Interventional pain management (IPM) is a branch of medical science that deals with management of painful medical conditions using specially equipped X-ray machines and anatomical landmarks. Interventional physiatry is a branch of physical medicine and rehabilitation that treats painful conditions through intervention in peripheral joints, the spine, and soft tissues. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using three years of hospital records (2006 to 2008) from the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department at Chittagong Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh, with a view toward highlighting current interventional pain practice in a tertiary medical college hospital. RESULTS: The maximum amount of intervention was done in degenerative peripheral joint disorders (600, 46.0%), followed by inflammatory joint diseases (300, 23.0%), soft tissue rheumatism (300, 23.0%), and radicular or referred lower back conditions (100, 8.0%). Of the peripheral joints, the knee was the most common site of intervention. Motor stimulation-guided intralesional injection of methylprednisolone into the piriformis muscle was given in 10 cases of piriformis syndrome refractory to both oral medications and therapeutic exercises. Soft tissue rheumatism of unknown etiology was most common in the form of adhesive capsulitis (90, 64.3%), and is discussed separately. Epidural steroid injection was practiced for various causes of lumbar radiculopathy, with the exception of infective discitis. CONCLUSIONS: All procedures were performed using anatomical landmarks, as there were no facilities for the C-arm/diagnostic ultrasound required for accurate and safe intervention. A dedicated IPM setup should be a requirement in all PMR departments, to provide better pain management and to reduce the burden on other specialties.

Vacinação contra febre amarela em pacientes com diagnósticos de doenças reumáticas, em uso de imunossupressores / Vaccination against yellow fever among patients on immunosuppressors with diagnoses of rheumatic diseases

A febre amarela é endêmica em alguns países. A vacina, único modo eficaz de proteção, é contra-indicada em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Nosso objetivo é relatar uma série de casos de pacientes reumatológicos, usuários de imunossupressores, vacinados contra a doença. Foi feito um estudo retrospectivo, por meio de questionário aplicado em pacientes reumatológicos medicados com imunossupressores, vacinados 60 dias antes da investigação. Foram avaliados 70 pacientes, com idade média de 46 anos, 90 por cento mulheres, portadores de artrite reumatóide (54), lupus eritematoso sistêmico (11), espondiloartropatias (5) e esclerose sistêmica (2). Os esquemas terapêuticos incluíam metotrexato (42), corticoesteróides (22), sulfassalazina (26), leflunomida (18), ciclofosfamida (3) e imunobiológicos (9). Dezesseis (22,5 por cento) pacientes relataram efeitos adversos menores. Dentre os 8 pacientes, em uso de imunobiológicos, apenas um apresentou efeito adverso, leve. Entre pacientes em uso de imunussopressores, reações adversas não foram mais freqüentes do que em imunocompetentes. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre o tema.

Yellow fever is endemic in some countries. The anti-yellow fever vaccine is the only effective means of protection but is contraindicated for immunocompromised patients. The aim of this paper was to report on a case series of rheumatological patients who were using immunosuppressors and were vaccinated against this disease. This was a retrospective study by means of a questionnaire applied to these patients, who were vaccinated 60 days before the investigation. Seventy patients of mean age 46 years were evaluated. Most of them were female (90 percent). There were cases of rheumatoid arthritis (54), systemic lupus erythematosus (11), spondyloarthropathy (5) and systemic sclerosis (2). The therapeutic schemes included methotrexate (42), corticosteroids (22), sulfasalazine (26), leflunomide (18), cyclophosphamide (3) and immunobiological agents (9). Sixteen patients (22.5 percent) reported some minor adverse effect. Among the eight patients using immunobiological agents, only one presented a mild adverse effect. Among these patients using immunosuppressors, adverse reactions were no more frequent than among immunocompetent individuals. This is the first study on this topic.