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2.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 25: e210487, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356343

ABSTRACT

Este artigo parte do discurso provocativo feito pelo pesquisador Svend Brinkmann na 17ª Conferência sobre Pesquisa Qualitativa em Saúde para refletir criticamente sobre três desafios enfrentados na prática atual da pesquisa qualitativa e sobre o papel do pesquisador nesse contexto. São abordadas questões éticas, de reconhecimento e validade da pesquisa e relacionadas ao rigor metodológico que destacam o papel do posicionamento do pesquisador para o reconhecimento e a valorização da pesquisa qualitativa, em especial na área de pesquisa em saúde. (AU)


Este artículo se basa en el provocador discurso pronunciado por el investigador Svend Brinkmann en la 17ª Conferencia de Investigación Cualitativa en Salud para reflexionar críticamente sobre tres desafíos enfrentados en la práctica actual de la investigación cualitativa y el papel del investigador en ese contexto. Se abordan cuestiones éticas, de reconocimiento y vigencia de la investigación y relacionadas con el rigor metodológico, destacando el papel del puesto de investigador para el reconocimiento y valorización de la investigación cualitativa, especialmente en el área de la investigación en salud. (AU)


Building on the provocative speech given by researcher Svend Brinkmann at the 17th Qualitative Health Research Conference, this paperwork aims to critically think over three challenges faced during the current practice of qualitative research, and also the role of the researcher in this context. We have taken into consideration ethical issues and issues of recognition and validation of the research, as well as issues related to methodological rigor, which highlight the role of the researcher in the recognition and valuation of qualitative research, particularly in the health research field. (AU)


Subject(s)
Research Personnel/ethics , Researcher-Subject Relations/ethics , Qualitative Research , Methods
3.
Philippine Journal of Nursing ; : 87-96, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-960835

ABSTRACT

@#As qualitative researchers, we are actively involved in the research process. We accept the fact that we are the main instrument, thus are part of the social world we aim to understand. It entails self-awareness and as Parahoo (2006) posits, reflexivity, as a process, is an introspection on the role of subjectivity in the research that entails a continuous process of reflection by researchers on their values. It is also a process of recognizing, examining, and understanding how their “social background, location, and assumptions affect their research practice” Hesse-Biber, 2007, p.17). Reflexivity, as the abundant literature would indicate, is an elusive term, it is commonly used interchangeably with reflectivity, and even with critical reflection. In this paper, an attempt was made to rediscover how reflexivity has been utilized in various perspectives to define its position and role in the conduct of robust qualitative research. In the process, we would like to share and solicit perspectives on reflexivity as a process and as an output. This was done thru a review of literature and the integration and highlighting of reflexivity/reflexivities of various researchers arising from the various research that we have been involved with such as: the six-country multi-disciplinary team lead by the Ottawa University based in Canada that undertook participatory research across Asia, Africa, and the Pacific to learn how poverty can be defined and measured; the five-country multi-disciplinary team, led by the Australian National University, Australia; and various local interdisciplinary researches. These researches were conducted over three years or more, some in various stages using focused group interviews, key informant interviews, observations, ladder ranking using photographs, record reviews, surveys, and photovoice. We also included documented reflexivities of colleagues with whom we have worked with in various capacities. We analyzed these documents vis-à-vis the concern of the qualitative researcher to unravel how their personhood intersects with their experiences in the field. Indeed, revisiting reflexivity and research methods enlightens the rigor in traversing the pathways of knowledge generation in qualitative research.


Subject(s)
Research Design , Ethics
4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-202321

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitor(DPP-4 inhibitor) Like other DPP-4 inhibitors its actionis mediated by increasing levels of the incretin hormonesglucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitorypolypeptide (GIP). Sitagliptin is effective in lowering HbA1cand fasting as well as postprandial glucose in monotherapyand in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents. Thestudy was aimed to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on fastingand postprandial blood sugar, fasting plasma insulin levelsand HbA1C in patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at 0level and after 16 weeks of treatment with sitagliptin.Material and Methods: A prospective study comprising 70diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus was carried out.These patients were put on sitagliptin 100 mg OD for 16weeks and venous blood samples were taken at 0 level andafter 16 weeks.Results The decrease in mean fasting plasma glucose levelsat 0 week and 16 weeks was 40.18mg/dl (17.71%) therapy.The change in mean post prandial glucose level was 56.18mg/dl (19.97%). On Statistical analysis, the reduction in meanfasting plasma glucose levels and post prandial blood sugar intotal number of patients was highly significant (p<0.001). Thechange in mean glycosylated hemoglobin level was 0.88%(9.75%)and p value was also highly significant p<0.001.The change in mean plasma insulin level was 2.50μIU/ml(10.69%). The decrease in values in study group at 4 monthswas statistically highly significant.Conclusions: The study concludes that Sitagliptin representsa substantial advance in antidiabetic therapy and it helps inimproving the diabetic profile of type 2 diabetes patients.

5.
Medical Education ; : 551-557, 2019.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-826112

ABSTRACT

Even if a writer has obtained interesting data and results, the quality of the research paper depends on how the author has academically and logically presented the findings and his or her interpretation of the data. This paper discusses what potential authors need to know about writing a high-quality research paper from the following perspectives: identification of research gap (s) based on literature review, clarification of author’s epistemological assumptions and employment of theoretical framework, emphasis on methodological rigor, provision of theoretical and practical implications that are applicable to readers’ context, and ensuring the consistency of author’s argumentation throughout the paper.

6.
Food Sci. Technol (SBCTA, Impr.) ; 37(1): 52-58, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-892195

ABSTRACT

Abstract The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of pre-slaughter stress on meat quality of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) for 10 days of storage in ice. 75 whole fish were used eviscerated, with average weight and length of 825.75 ± 101.59 g and 28.25 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The treatments consisted of time in which the animals underwent pre-slaughter hypoxia, being 0, 3 and 6 minutes. Rigor mortis and muscle pH were assessed besides the application of the Quality Index Method and analysis of total protein and blood glucose. Rigor mortis did not differ among treatments during the storage period, and after three hours all animals were in rigor stage. The muscle pH values varied widely during the study period, observing higher values on the third day of storage. Sensory analysis showed that after 10 days the tilapia from the different treatments did not differ in the evaluated quality parameters similarly, there was no difference regarding the evaluated blood biochemical parameters Thus, hypoxia of 6 minutes pre-slaughter does not influence the rigor mortis, muscle pH, qualitative perception of the meat quality, total protein and blood glucose of Nile tilapia.

7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(5): 1259-1266, set.-out. 2016. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827889

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different agricultural products on quantitative aspects of carcass, body constituents, cooking loss, shear force and colorimetry of the Longissimus lumborum and Triceps brachii muscles in Santa Ines lambs. 24 Santa Ines female lambs received one of four diets which were isoproteic and isoenergetic with fixed levels of forage (60%) and concentrate (40%) of corn and soybean meal during 45 days. The forages per diet differed: coast-cross hay (HAY), cassava hay (CASS), dehydrated by-product of pea crop (PEA) and sugarcane (SC). The average weight of the lambs at the beginning of the experiment was 26.35kg. Animals were slaughtered in a federally certified abattoir. Initial and final pH, cooking losses, color using the CIELAB system, shear force and the quantity of sarcomeres per 100µm were measured. Hot carcass, cold and half carcass weights were affected by treatments (P<0.05). The sarcomere length of Triceps brachii muscle 24 hours after slaughter differed between diets and coast-cross hay had the lowest value. The sarcomere length differed significantly between diets and the dehydrated by-product of pea crop had the lowest number of sarcomeres immediately after slaughter compared to other diets. There was no influence of diet on colorimetry, cooking loss and shear force. The decrease in pH followed the development of the process of rigor mortis in the Longissimus lumborum and Triceps brachii muscles in the first hour and up to 24 hours after slaughter. Diets did not alter the pH, water holding capacity, colorimetry or shear force. The pea by-product and sugarcane can replace traditional sources of fodder without depreciation of meat characteristics.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes produtos agrícolas sobre aspectos quantitativos da carcaça, constituintes do corpo, perda por cocção, força de cisalhamento e colorimetria dos músculos Longíssimus lumborum e Tríceps brachii em cordeiras Santa Inês. Vinte e quatro cordeiras Santa Inês receberam uma das quatro dietas, que foram isoproteicas e isoenergéticas, com níveis fixos de forragem (60%) e concentrado (40%) composto por milho e farelo de soja, durante 45 dias. As forragens diferiram entre as dietas: feno de coast cross (FENO), feno da parte aérea da mandioca (MAN), subproduto desidratado da cultura da ervilha (ERV) e cana-de-açúcar (CANA). O peso médio das cordeiras no início do experimento foi de 26,35kg. Os animais foram abatidos em frigorífico com inspeção sanitária federal. Foram avaliados o pH inicial e o final, as perdas por cocção, a cor, por meio do sistema CIELAB, a força de cisalhamento e a quantidade de sarcômeros em 100µm. Os pesos de carcaça quente, de carcaça fria e de meia-carcaça foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P<0,05). O comprimento do sarcômero do músculo Tríceps brachii 24 horas após o abate diferiu entre dietas e o feno coast cross apresentou o menor valor. O comprimento do sarcômero diferiu significativamente entre as dietas, e o subproduto da ervilha apresentou o menor número de sarcômeros imediatamente após o abate em comparação com as outras dietas. Não houve influência da dieta sobre as características de colorimetria, perda por cocção e força de cisalhamento. Houve diminuição do pH, seguido pelo desenvolvimento do processo de rigor mortis nos músculos Longíssimus lumborum e Tríceps brachii da primeira hora até 24 horas após o abate. As dietas não foram capazes de alterar o pH, a capacidade de retenção de água, a colorimetria ou a força de cisalhamento. O subproduto de ervilha e a cana-de-açúcar podem substituir as fontes tradicionais de forragem sem prejudicar as características da carne.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Diet/veterinary , Meat/analysis , Sheep , Animal Feed/statistics & numerical data , Rigor Mortis/veterinary
8.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 682-687, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-195413

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the methodological quality of CPGs using the Korean AGREE II scoring guide and a web-based appraisal system and was conducted by qualified appraisers. A total of 27 Korean CPGs were assessed under 6 domains and 23 items on the AGREE II instrument using the Korean scoring guide. The domain scores of the 27 guidelines were as following: the mean domain score was 82.7% (median 84.7%, ranging from 55.6% to 97.2%) for domain 1 (scope and purpose); 53.4% (median 56.9%, ranging from 11.1% to 95.8%) for domain 2 (stakeholder involvement); 63.0% (median 71.4%, ranging from 13.5% to 90.6%) for domain 3 (rigor of development); 88.9% (median 91.7%, ranging from 58.3% to 100.0%) for domain 4 (clarity of presentation); 30.1% (median 27.1%, ranging from 3.1% to 67.7%) for domain 5 (applicability); and 50.2% (median 58.3%, ranging from 0.0% to 93.8%) for domain 6 (editorial independence). Three domains including scope and purpose, rigor of development, and clarity of presentation were rated at more than 60% of the scaled domain score. Three domains including stakeholder involvement, applicability, and editorial independence were rated at less than 60% of the scaled domain score. Finally, of the 27 guidelines, 18 (66.7%) were rated at more than 60% of the scaled domain score for rigor of development and were categorized as high-quality guidelines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Internet , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Program Evaluation , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Republic of Korea
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 20(6): 1667-1680, 06/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-748385

ABSTRACT

O artigo analisa a qualidade e a consistência de um roteiro de entrevista compreensiva, adaptado para o estudo da tentativa de suicídio e sua ideação entre pessoas idosas e apresenta o método utilizado na aplicação desse instrumento. O objetivo é demonstrar como o uso da entrevista semiestruturada e sua forma de organização e análise de dados foram testados e aperfeiçoados por uma rede de pesquisadores de doze universidades ou centros de pesquisa do Brasil, Uruguai e Colômbia. O método envolveu a aplicação do instrumento em que se socializou um manual de instruções sobre a coleta, sistematização e análise de dados. A metodologia foi aplicada em 67 entrevistas com idosos na faixa de 60 anos ou mais e em 34 entrevistas com profissionais da saúde em treze municípios brasileiros, em Montevidéu e Bogotá, permitindo a verificação da consistência do instrumento usado e a aplicabilidade do método, durante o processo e ao final. O roteiro aperfeiçoado e as instruções para replicá-lo e analisá-lo são aqui apresentados. Os resultados apontam a adequação e a credibilidade dessa abordagem metodológica testada e qualificada de modo interdisciplinar e interinstitucional.


The article analyses the quality and consistency of a comprehensive interview guide, adapted to study attempted suicide and its ideation among the elderly, and imparts the method followed in applying this tool. The objective is to show how the use of a semi-structured interview and the organization and data analysis set-up were tested and perfected by a network of researchers from twelve universities or research centers in Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia. The method involved application and evaluation of the tool and joint production of an instruction manual on data collection, systematization and analysis. The methodology was followed in 67 interviews with elderly people of 60 or older and in 34 interviews with health professionals in thirteen Brazilian municipalities and in Montevideo and Bogotá, allowing the consistency of the tool and the applicability of the method to be checked, during the process and at the end. The enhanced guide and the instructions for reproducing it are presented herein. The results indicate the suitability and credibility of this methodological approach, tested and certified in interdisciplinary and interinstitutional terms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Suicide, Attempted , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Uruguay , Brazil , Records , Interviews as Topic , Colombia , Qualitative Research
10.
Rev. enferm. neurol ; 12(3): 118-121, sep.-dic.-2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1034733

ABSTRACT

Como estudio de la moral, la ética es, ante todo, una filosofía práctica, cuya tarea no es precisamente resolver los conflictos, sino plantearlos. La calidad de la investigación cualitativa es un aspecto fundamental que los investigadores permanentemente deben garantizar y que los profesionales de los servicios de salud necesitan evaluar antes de utilizar los resultados de los estudios. Cuando hablamos de calidad de la investigación, aludimos al rigor metodológico con que ha sido diseñada y desarrollada y a la confianza que, como consecuencia de ello, podemos tener en la veracidad de los resultados conseguidos. Por tanto, la idea de calidad de la investigación se asocia, en general, a la credibilidad del trabajo desarrollado. Los estándares que permiten evaluar el rigor y carácter científico de los estudios cualitativos y sobre los cuales hay acuerdo parcial son la credibilidad, la auditabilidad o confrmabilidad y la transferibilidad o aplicabilidad.


As a study of morality, ethics is primarily practical philosophy, which task is not precisely to resolve conflicts, but to raise them. The respectability of qualitative research is a fundamental aspect that researchers must guarantee permanently and that health professionals should assess before using the findings of the studies. When we say quality of research we refer to the methodological rigor with which it has been designed and developed, and, as a result of this, to how we can trust the accuracy of the results achieved. In general, the idea of quality of research is therefore associated with the credibility of the work performed. Quality standards to assess the rigor and scientific character of qualitative studies and for which there is partial agreement are: credibility, confirmability or auditability, and transferability or applicability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethics , Ethics, Research , Qualitative Research
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 17(8): 2039-2052, ago. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-646429

ABSTRACT

O artigo analisa a qualidade e a consistência de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, adaptado para o estudo do suicídio de pessoas idosas e apresenta o método das autópsias psicossociais que resultou da aplicação desse instrumento. O objetivo é demonstrar como o uso da entrevista em profundidade e sua forma de organização e análise de dados foram testados e aperfeiçoados por uma rede de pesquisadores de vários centros de pesquisa do Brasil. O método envolveu a aplicação do instrumento em que se socializou um manual de instruções sobre a coleta, sistematização e análise de dados. A metodologia foi aplicada no estudo de 51 casos de idosos que faleceram por suicídio em dez municípios brasileiros, e permitiu a verificação da consistência do instrumento usado e a aplicabilidade do seu método, durante o processo e ao final, por meio de uma avaliação em rede. O roteiro aperfeiçoado e as instruções para replicá-lo e analisá-lo são aqui apresentados. Os resultados apontam o rigor e a credibilidade dessa abordagem metodológica testada e qualificada de um modo interdisciplinar e interinstitucional.


The article analyzes the quality and consistency of a semi-structured interview script, adapted for the study on suicide among elderly people, and presents the psychological and psychosocial autopsy method, which is the result of application of this instrument. The objective is to demonstrate how the in-depth interview and subsequent data organization and analyses were tested and improved by a network of researchers from eight regions in Brazil. Evaluation of the method was conducted before and after the application of the instruments to collect, systematize and analyze the data. This methodology was applied in 51 cases of elderly people who committed suicide in ten Brazilian municipalities. The study did more than just collect data with scientific rigor, since it also verified the consistency of the instrument used and the applicability of the method. The improved script and the instructions of how to apply and analyze it are thus presented here. The results reveal the rigor and credibility of this methodological approach tested and qualified by a multidisciplinary and inter-institutional procedure.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , Suicide/psychology , Interviews as Topic/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Records
12.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(3): 567-572, mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-623039

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho utilizou seis carcaças de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman crocodilus yacare) com o objetivo de caracterizar o processo de rigor mortis do músculo Ílio-ischiocaudalis durante o resfriamento industrial e avaliar a maciez dessa carne. Os jacarés foram escolhidos aleatoriamente e abatidos na Cooperativa de Criadores do Jacaré do Pantanal (COOCRIJAPAN), Cáceres, Mato Grosso. Após a sangria, aferiu-se as variações das temperaturas da câmara de resfriamento, das carcaças e o pH. Foram colhidas amostras para determinação do comprimento de sarcômero, da força de cisalhamento e perdas por cozimento em diferentes intervalos de tempo (0,5, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 24 e 36h). A temperatura da câmara de resfriamento variou de 2,6°C (0,5h) a 0,9°C (36h) e a temperatura média das carcaças variou de 21,0°C a 4,2°C, respectivamente. O pH médio inicial do músculo foi de 6,7 e o final 5,6 e a contração máxima do sarcômero do músculo Ilio-ischiocaudalis ocorreu na 15ª hora após a sangria (1,5µm). Essa carne apresentou força de cisalhamento menor que 6,0kg.


This paper studied six pantanal alligators (Caiman crocodilus yacare) carcass with goal of rigor mortis process characterization of Ilio-ischiocaudalis muscle during industrial cooling and meat tenderness. The alligators were randomly assembled and slaughtered at Cooperativa de Criadores do Jacaré do Pantanal (COOCRIJAPAN) - Cáceres- Mato Grosso After exsanguination, were mensured temperature of chilling room and carcasses, pH and samples were collected for determination the sarcomere length, shear force and cooking loss at different times (0.5, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 24 and 36 hours). The temperature of chilling room varied from 2.6°C (0.5h) to 0.9°C (36h) and the mean carcass temperature from 21.0°C to 4.2°C, respectively. The mean initial pH of the muscle was 6.7 and the final was 5.6. The smallest sarcomere size ocurred at 15 hours after exsanguination (1.5µm). This meat presents shear force lower than 6.0kg.

14.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 21(4): 1191-1205, out.-dez. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-611070

ABSTRACT

Este artículo presenta los aprendizajes de una reflexión permanente sobre el método de investigación utilizado en el proyecto "Hacia la construcción de una propuesta educativa para la crianza basada en el diálogo de saberes", realizada en Medellín (Colombia) entre el 2007 y 2009. Inicialmente fue planteado desde una propuesta de Investigación - Acción - Participativa, pero a medida que se fue desarrollando y en respuesta a las demandas del trabajo de campo, a las interacciones con los actores y a los hallazgos, el equipo de investigación necesitó reconstruir y reajustar la propuesta metodológica. Pero más que incluir técnicas de investigación nuevas o modificar las actividades planeadas, se trató de un proceso en el que el método fue ganando nuevos significados. Se fue comprendiendo de una manera más amplia, abierta y flexible en la medida en que se incorporaron aportes de otras perspectivas metodológicas. Sin embargo, siempre hubo una guía que finalmente mantuvo la orientación de la investigación: los principios que se trazaron desde el comienzo y que se concretaron en los productos esperados. Para el equipo de investigación, el método tomó una nueva dimensión desde una perspectiva dialéctica, entendido como un devenir en el marco de una totalidad, donde no puede comprenderse por fuera del objeto de estudio. En este sentido, constituye una práctica social, histórica, cultural y política, planteada desde un marco complejo de negociación, manteniendo una idea de rigor fundada en los principios como una serie de valores que orientan la investigación.


This paper presents the learning products of a permanent reflective process about the research method used in the project "Towards a construction of an educational proposal of child rearing founded in a dialog of knowledge", conducted in Medellín (Colombia) from 2007 to 2009. At the beginning it was defined a Participatory Action Research method, but as the project was developed and responding to field demands, interactions between actors and to findings, the research team was forced to adjust the methodological approach. This change went beyond including new research techniques or modifying activities. It was a process in which the method gained new meaning. We started to understand it in a more open and flexible way, as we went on taking contributions from different methodological perspectives. But there was a guide that we kept as a reference for adjusting the method: principles settled at the beginning of the project, which were written as expected outcomes. From a dialectic perspective, the research method was understood as "becoming" in a context of totality, where it cannot be understood outside the study object. In this way, method is conceived as a social, historical and political practice, which demands a complex negotiation process, under an idea of rigor, founded in principles as a set of values that guide research.


Subject(s)
Methodology as a Subject , Qualitative Research , Scientific and Technical Activities , Scientific Research and Technological Development , Cultural Characteristics
15.
Investig. psicol ; 15(3): 121-141, dic. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594795

ABSTRACT

Dentro del marco teórico del Seminario 7, La ética del psicoanálisis, particularmente en la clase 6, De la ley moral, Lacan destaca la influencia que ha ejercido la física de Newton en la rigurosidad de la ética kantiana y, a la vez, señala que en la Crítica de la razón práctica se puede situar cierta posición extrema, inspirada en la fuerte presencia de la ciencia del siglo XVIII. Se mencionan los conceptos centrales de la ética formal de Kant y los intereses de este autor por la ciencia natural. Se ubica la síntesis científica realizada por la física newtoniana, y la incidencia que tuvo en el pensamiento kantiano. Se resalta, siguiendo la perspectiva de Lacan, que en la severidad de la ley moral y la voluntad incondicionada de Kant, que perjudica todas nuestras inclinaciones debido al drástico abandono de los objetos de la afección, se presenta algo casi insensato, suscitado por la insistencia de formalización proveniente del Otro del saber científico. Se refieren algunas diferencias entre la ley natural y la ley moral. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el costo subjetivo y el malestar que originan tanto la ética kantiana como el discurso de la ciencia moderna y contemporánea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethics , Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychoanalysis , Science
16.
Univ. sci ; 14(1): 58-70, ene.-abr. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603985

ABSTRACT

El principal problema que recae sobre el odontólogo en la toma de evidencias post mortem es la apertura bucal, limitada por el fenómeno de rigidez cadavérica el cual inicia a las 3 horas después de la muerte, siendo éste un fenómeno que persiste hasta ser destruido por los procesos autolíticos tardíos de descomposición, a partir de las 36 horas post mortem. Objetivo. Se estudió la posibilidad de acelerar la reversión de la rigidez cadavérica mandibular por medio de sustancias químicas para facilitar la apertura bucal. Materiales y métodos. Se encaminó al uso de sustancias que produzcan la alteración del pH, quelación del calcio intramuscular o proteólisis del complejo actina-miosina de los músculos masticatorios que presenten rigidez cadavérica en ratas Wistar. Resultados. Se determinó que el tiempo de establecimiento de la rigidez cadavérica mandibular en el modelo de rata, fue de 2,5 horas. A las 3,5 horas, una vez establecida la rigidez, se realizaron infiltraciones con EDTA (20 mM), NaHCO3 (50 æM), Na2CO3 (50 æM) y papaína (10 æM) encontrándose que las soluciones de NaHCO3 y Na2CO3 incrementaron significativamente (p<0,05) la velocidad de reversión (mm/h) desde las 5 h, en un 108% y un 100%, respectivamente. A partir de este ensayo se duplicó la concentración de NaHCO3 y se preparó una mezcla de NaHCO3 y Na2CO3 (1:1) sin encontrar diferencias significativas con los ensayos con NaHCO3 y Na2CO3. Conclusión. La solución de NaHCO3 (50 æM) logró revertir la apertura bucal suficiente para la toma de evidencia entre las 5- 5,5 horas...


Mandibular reversibility of the cadaverous stiffness by chemical means in a rat model. The main problem that a dentist faces when collecting postmortem evidence is the buccal opening, which is limited by the cadaverous stiffness phenomenon that begins 3 hours after death. This phenomenon persists until it is destroyed by the late autolytic processes of decomposition, after 36 hours postmortem.Objective. To analyze the feasibility of accelerating the reversion of the mandibular cadaverous stiffness by means of chemical substances to facilitate the buccal opening. Materials and methods. We assessed substances capable of altering the pH, chelatingintramuscular calcium or inducing proteolysis of the actin-myosin complex of the masticatory muscles with cadaverous stiffness in Wistar rats. Results. We found that mandibular cadaverous stiffness in Wistar rats appears after 2.5 hours of death. After 3.5 hours, once the rigidity was established, we carried out infiltrations with EDTA (20 mM), NaHCO 3 (50 µM), Na2CO3 (50 µM) and papain (10 µM).NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 solutions significantly increased (p<0.05) the reversion speed (mm/h) from hour 5, in 108% and 100%, respectively.Based on the results of this assay, we doubled the concentration of NaHCO3 and assessed a 1:1 mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 without finding significant differences with the NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 prior assays. Conclusion. NaHCO3 solution (50 µM) allows a reversal of buccal opening enough to collect evidence between 5 and 5.5 hours...


Reversibilidade mandibular da rigidez cadavérica por meios químicos num modelo de rato. O principal problema que tem o dentista na toma de evidencias post-mortem é a apertura bucal, limitada pelo fenômeno de rigidez cadavérica, o qual se inicia às 3 horas depois da morte; este fenômeno persiste hasta ser destruído pelos processos autolíticos tardios de decomposição, a partir das 36 horas post-mortem.Objetivo. Estudou-se a possibilidade de acelerar a reversão da rigidez cadavérica mandibular através de substâncias químicas para facilitara apertura bucal. Materiais e métodos. Foram empregadas substâncias que produzem alteração do pH, quelação do cálcio intramuscular ou proteólises do complexo actina-miosina dos músculos mastigatórios que apresentam rigidez cadavérica em ratos Wistar. Resultados.Estimou-se o tempo de estabelecimento da rigidez cadavérica mandibular no modelo de rato, em 2,5 horas. Às 3,5 horas, logo de estabelecida a rigidez, realizaram-se infiltrações com EDTA (20mM), NaHCO3 (50 µM), Na2CO3 (50 µM) e papaína (10 µM), encontrandoque as soluções de NaHCO3 e Na2CO3 incrementaram significativamente (p<0,05) a velocidade de reversão (mm/h) desde as 5h, num 108% e um 100%, respectivamente. A partir deste ensaio duplicou-se a concentração de NaHCO3 e preparou-se uma mistura de NaHCO3 e Na2CO3 (1:1) sem obter diferenças significativas com os ensaios com NaHCO3 e Na2CO3. Conclusão. A solução de NaHCO3 (50 µM)reverteu a apertura bucal suficientemente para a toma de evidencias entre as 5- 5,5 horas...


Subject(s)
Masticatory Muscles , Forensic Dentistry
17.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 16(1): 13-18, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491377

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento do processo de rigor mortis dos músculos Triceps brachii e Extensor/Flexor, de seis carcaças de javalis, criados semiextensivos, durante o pré-resfriamento industrial e a maciez da carne, utilizando medidas de temperatura de carcaças e da câmara de resfriamento, de pH, de comprimento de sarcômero e da força de cisalhamento, nos intervalos de tempo de 0,5; 3,0; 5,0; 7,0; 9,0; 12,0 e 24,0 horas após a sangria. A temperatura da câmara fria variou de 19,6oC (0,5h) a – 0,5oC (24h) e a temperatura média das carcaças foi de 39,07oC e 0,28oC, respectivamente. O pH médio inicial do músculo Triceps brachii foi de 6,64 e o final 5,52 e nos músculos Extensor/Flexor foi de 6,79 (0,5h) e 5,68 (24h), sendo de maior valor nos músculos Extensor/Flexor. A caracterização da contração máxima de sarcômero durante o processo de rigor mortis ocorreu na 7a hora após sangria no músculo Triceps brachii (1,61mm) e na 9a hora nos músculos Extensor/Flexor (1,63 mm) e o músculo T. brachii apresentou maior tamanho de sarcômero. As perdas por cozimento foram proporcionais à força de cisalhamento onde as amostras de carne da paleta de javali foram consideradas macias, ou seja, inferiores a 5kg.


The objective of the present work was to characterize the development of the process of rigor mortis of the Triceps brachii and Extensor/Flexor muscles, of 06 wild boars, created semi-extensive, during the industrial pre-chilling and tenderness of the meat, using measures of temperature of carcasses and of the cold room, of pH, of sarcomere length and of the shear force, in the intervals of time of 0.5; 3.0; 5.0; 7.0; 9.0; 12.0 and 24.0 hours after exsanguination. The temperature of the cold room changed from 19.6oC (0.5h) to – 0.5oC (24h) and the mean temperature of the carcasses was from 39.07oC to 0.28oC, respectively. The mean initial pH of the muscle Triceps brachii was of 6.64 and final of 5.52 and Extensor/Flexor muscles was 6.79 (0.5h) and 5.68 (24h), being a bigger value in the muscles . Extensor/Flexor. The characterization of maximum contraction of the sarcomere during the of rigor mortis process took place in the 7th hour after exsanguination in the muscle Triceps brachii and in the 9th hour in the muscles Extensor/Flexor and the muscle Triceps brachii presented bigger sarcomere lenght. The cooking loss was proportional to the shear force where the samples of meat of wild boar shoulder were considered tender, in other words, inferior to 5kg.


Subject(s)
Rigor Mortis/metabolism , Sus scrofa/classification , Meat/analysis , Sarcomeres , Temperature
18.
Invest. educ. enferm ; 26(2): 198-211, sept. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-518270

ABSTRACT

Este documento articula una reflexión sobre los logros de la investigación denominada “cualitativa”, logros que no son independientes del contexto general que ha orientado el desarrollo de las ciencias sociales y humanas. En particular, apunta a mostrar que los enfoques cualitativos han consolidado su dimensión epistemológica y su legitimidad científica. Las elecciones metodológicas de recolección de datos y los modos de interpretación y de análisis se han estabilizado también, dando a la comunidad científica sólidos puntos de referencia. Este balance nos lleva a reflexionar sobre sus logros porque los enfoques cualitativos, preocupados por comprender una pluralidad de formas de expresión humana (artes, danza, literatura y otras formas estéticas), sufren actualmente de un estallido en las maneras de hacer la investigación y de legitimar el conocimiento producido.


This document summarizes an analysis regarding studies classified as “qualitative”, research that is not independent from the general trend of developed social studies. Particularly, this study emphasizes that the qualitative focuses within studies have solidified their place in genuine science. Within these “qualitative” approaches, and procedures have become well established and even a point of reference for scientific analyses. This new balance within science brings us to think about these advancements because these qualitative studies, with aims to understand the diversity of human expression (within arts, dance, literature, and other esthetic forms), currently have been degraded with the outbreak of uncontrolled research aimed to disprove or legitimize claims.


Cet article amorce une réflexion sur les acquis de la recherche dite “qualitative”, acquis qui ne sont pas indépendants du contexte général qui a orienté le développement des sciences sociales et humaines. Plus particulièrement, il vise à montrer que les approches qualitatives ont consolidé leur dimension épistémologique et leur légitimité scientifique. Les choix méthodologiques de saisie des données et des modes d’interprétation et d’analyse se sont aussi stabilisés donnant à la communauté scientifique des points de repères solides. Ce bilan, nous amène à réfléchir sur ces acquis car les approches qualitatives, préoccupées de comprendre une pluralité de formes d’expression humaine (arts, danse, littérature, et autres formes esthétiques.), souffrent actuellement d’un éclatement des manières de faire la recherche et de légitimer la connaissance produite.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropology, Cultural , Social Sciences , Knowledge , Qualitative Research , Methodology as a Subject
19.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 10(2)jul-dez. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509350

ABSTRACT

A qualidade da carne dos animais de açougue sofre ação direta do processo de rigor mortis. O processo de irradiação tem como objetivo aumentar o prazo de vida comercial dos alimentos, como as carnes. Foram realizadas análises, nos intervalos de 0,25h; 1,5h; 2,5h; 6,0h e 18,5h após a sangria, para a caracterização do processo de rigor mortis nos músculos Gastrocnemius e Pectoralis de nove perus machos da marca ?Britsh United Turkey of América ? BUTA?, abatidos em matadouro frigorífico sob Inspeção Federal. Os peitos com osso foram congelados a -18oC. Nesse período foram realizadas análises bacteriológicas, determinações físicas, químicas e análises sensoriais, aos 5, 180, 360 e 540 dias de estocagem. O tratamento estatístico dos dados demonstrou que, durante o resfriamento industrial das carcaças, a temperatura da câmara, temperatura das carcaças e o pH decresceram gradualmente. A contração máxima do sarcômero ocorreu em 15 minutos após a sangria. A partir de então, aumentou significativamente, correspondendo aos maiores valores da força de cisalhamento, o que atende aos padrões estabelecidos em outras aves domésticas. As outras análises foram realizadas considerando duas variáveis: tipo de método de conservação (congelamento, congelamento e irradiação com 1 kGy e congelamento e irradiação com 3 kGy) e o tempo de estocagem (5, 180, 360 e 540 dias). As contagens de bactérias psicrotróficas e enumeração de Enterococcus spp. aumentaram durante o tempo de estocagem, porém, por efeito da radiação, a contagem foi menor, principalmente nas amostras submetidas à dose de 3kGy. Os valores de atividade de água não foram diferentes em relação à irradiação e ao tempo de estocagem. O teste de sanidade revelou que a carne permaneceu apta para o consumo até o final do experimento. No início da estocagem, a radiação gama contribuiu para diminuir a aceitação sensorial do sabor da carne, principalmente quando submetida à dose de 3 kGy, sendo confirmada como ...


Subject(s)
Meat/microbiology , Food Quality , Health Surveillance , Rigor Mortis
20.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 13(3)set.-dez. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491331

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento do processo de rigor mortis das carcaças de animais de açougue interfere de forma decisiva na qualidadeda carne. As características deste processo não foram ainda estabelecidas em carcaças de avestruzes abatidos no Brasil.Foram realizadas análises, nos intervalos de 0,5h, 3,0h, 6,0h, 9,0h, 12,0h e 24,0h após sangria, para a caracterização doprocesso de rigor mortis nos músculos Gastrocnemius internus e Fibularis longus de seis avestruzes híbridos Blue neck eRed neck, criados em Corumbataí-SP e abatidos em frigorífico sob Inspeção Federal, localizado em Amparo, SP. O tratamentoestatístico dos dados demonstrou que durante o resfriamento industrial das carcaças, a temperatura da câmara variou de11,5C a -2C, enquanto a temperatura dos músculos, de 40,67C a 0,23C. O valor do pH decresceu gradualmente, de 7,05a 5,97 em Gastrocnemius internus e de 7,26 a 7,14 em Fibularis longus. A contração máxima do sarcômero ocorreu em 0,5hora, correspondendo ao maior valor de força de cisalhamento e maior perda de peso por cozimento em ambos os músculos.As alterações bioquímicas e estruturais referentes ao processo de rigor mortis em avestruzes corresponderam aos padrõesestabelecidos para outras espécies.

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