Risk assessment of hearing loss of workers caused by urban rail transit noise / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective Methods Toevaluatetheriskofhearinglosscausedbyworkplacenoiseinurbanrailtransitenterprises. Noiseexposedworkers from eight rail transit lines in an urban rail transit enterprise was selected as the research subjects - usingconvenientsamplingmethod.Thenoiseintensitywasdetected,andtheriskofnoise inducedhearinglosswaspredictedby Results the method of the International Organization for Standardization. The incidence of noise exceeded the standard detection points was 8.3% (175/2 101) from 2016 to 2018. For risk classification in interval tunnel repairmen, higher risk was predictedattheageof40yearsoldandwiththelengthofserviceof20years,andhighriskwaspredictedattheageof50or60 yearsoldwiththelengthofserviceof30or40years.Theriskclassificationofstationinspectoratthepredictedageof 50years oldandthepredictedageof30yearswasnegligible,anditwasacceptableatthepredictedageof60yearsoldandthepredicted ageof40years.TheriskgradesofmaintenanceworkersinvehicledepotundertheabovetwopredictedconditionsweremediumConclusionrisk,whiletheriskclassificationofdriversunderwasacceptablerisk.Therailtransitenterprisehasacertain degreeofnoisehazardsintheoperationprocess.Theriskanddegreeofhearinglosscausedbynoiseincreaseswiththeincrease ofthelengthofservice.

Kurtosis assessment of high frequency hearing loss caused by complex noise / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the feasibility of kurtosis in evaluating high frequency hearing loss (HFHL) caused by Methods - complex noise. A total of 273 noise exposed workers in three metal tool manufacturing enterprises were chosen as studysubjectsusingajudgementsamplingmethod.Thenoiseintensityandkurtosisintheworkplacewasmeasured.Cumulative noiseexposure(CNE)wascalculatedfromnoiseintensityandworkingageandtheCNEwasadjustedusingkurtosis(CNE′).CNEResultsandCNE′wereusedtoevaluatetheriskofHFHL,andtheeffectsofthetwomethodswerecompared.ThemedianandMPP25,75percentiles[(25,75)]ofnoiseexposedintensityinthestudysubjectswas91.9(88.3,97.3)dB(A),andtheincidenceofMPPnoiseexposureexceededthenationaloccupationalexposurelimitaccountedfor81.0%.The(25,75)ofthekurtosiswas8.3 (7.9, 27.3), and kurtosis>4.0 accounted for 100.0%. The detection rate of HFHL was 39.6% (108/273). The detection rate of P - - HFHL increased with the increase of CNE and CNE′ (all <0.01). The goodness of fit of CNE′ in assessing the risk of HFHL Conclusion detectionwasbetterthanthatofCNE(coefficientsofdeterminationwere0.91and0.83,respectively). Kurtosiscan beusedasanauxiliaryparametertoadjusttheCNEandthenappliedtoevaluatetheriskofHFHLcausedbycomplexnoise.Keywords:Hearingloss;Noise;Strength;Kurtosis;Cumulativenoiseexposure;Riskassessment

Escore de risco para tromboembolismo e prevenção em pacientes hospitalizados em uma clínica cirúrgica / Puntuación de riesgo de tromboembolismo y prevenciónen pacientes hospitalizados en una clínica quirúrgica / Risk score and prevention of thromboembolism in hospitalized patients in a surgical clinic

Objetivo: Identificar o risco tromboembolítico em pacientes cirúrgicos e o uso das medidas preventivas. Método: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, retrospectivo por meio de entrevistas e abordagem aos prontuários de pacientes cirúrgicos. O risco para tromboembolismo foi avaliado, conforme escala validada e adaptada. As análises foram processadas pelo software estatístico Stata versão 12.1. Resultados: Foram entrevistados e analisados os prontuários de 100 pacientes. Todos os participantes apresentaram pelo menos um fator de risco para tromboembolismo. Dos entrevistados, 41% foram classificados como de alto risco, 7% receberam tromboprofilaxia medicamentosa e 11% recebendo profilaxia não medicamentosa. Conclusão: Apesar de todos os participantes apresentarem pelo menos um fator de risco para tromboembolismo venoso, a implementação de medidas preventivas foi baixa indicando a necessidade de múltiplas intervenções, tais como implementação de protocolos, educação permanente - principalmente da equipe de enfermagem, uso de ferramentas de monitoramento e auditoria de resultados(AU)

Objective: Identify thromboembolic risk in surgical patients and the use of preventive measures. Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective epidemiological study through interviews and approach to the medical records of surgical patients. The risk for thromboembolism was assessed, according to a validated and adapted scale. The analyzes were processed using the statistical software Stata version 12.1. Results: The medical records of 100 patients were interviewed and analyzed. All participants had at least one risk factor for thromboembolism. Of the interviewees, 41% were classified as high risk, 7% received drug thromboprophylaxis and 11% received non-drug prophylaxis. Conclusion: Although all participants had at least one risk factor for venous thromboembolism, the implementation of preventive measures was low, indicating the need for multiple interventions, such as the implementation of protocols, permanent education mainly of the nursing staff, use of monitoring tools and results audit.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar elriesgo tromboembólico en pacientes quirúrgicos y el uso de medidas preventivas. Método: Estudio epidemiológico transversal, retrospectivo a través de entrevistas y abordaje de la historia clínica de los pacientes quirúrgicos. Se evaluó el riesgo de tromboembolismo, según una escala validada y adaptada. Los análisis se procesaron utilizando el software estadístico Stata versión 12.1. Resultados: Se entrevistó y analizó la historia clínica de 100 pacientes. Todos los participantes teníanal menos um factor de riesgo de tromboembolismo. De los entrevistados, el 41% fueron clasificados como de alto riesgo, el 7% recibió tromboprofilaxis farmacológica y el 11% recibió profilaxis no farmacológica. Conclusión: Si bien todos los participantes tenían al menos um factor de riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso, la implementación de medidas preventivas fue baja, lo que indica la necesidad de múltiples intervenciones, como la implementación de protocolos, educación permanente principalmente delpersonal de enfermería, uso de herramientas de seguimiento y auditoría de resultados(AU)

Study on application of Munro adult operating room pressure ulcer risk assessment table in general anesthesia / 重庆医学

Objective To test the clinical validity of use of the Chinese version of Munro adult pressure ulcer risk-assessment scales (Munro scales),Braden scales,Qian Weiming operation pressure ulcer risk-assessment scales (self-designed scales) in the patients with general anesthesia surgery.Methods Three investigators respectively used the Munro scales,Braden scales and self-designed scales to conduct the pressure ulcer risk-assessment on 261 patients with general anesthesia surgery before operation,at the end of operation and at exiting from anesthesia recovery room.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of each assessment tool were calculated.Results The best critical values of the Munro scales before operation,at the end of operation and at exiting from anesthesia recovery room were 8.0,24.5,28.5 points respectively;which of the Braden scale were 18.5,11.5,13.5 points respectively;which of self-made scale were 12.5,13.5,13.5 points respectively.The area under the ROC curve of the three different scales at the beginning of the operation above was 0.653,0.596,0.652.The area under the ROC curve of the three different scales at the end of the operation above was 0.872,0.548,0.792.The areas under the ROC curve of the three different scales before operation were 0.868,0.773 and 0.813 respectively.Conclusion The Chinese version of Munro scales is more suitable for the assessment of operative patient's pressure ulcer risk than the Braden scale and self-designed scales,but the preoperative risk assessment needs to be improved.

Reflection on Opening of Section for Outpatients for Risk Assessment and Communication of Medication Use in Pregnancy by Pharmacists / 中国药师

Objective:To discuss the necessity of the opening of a pharmacist section for outpatients for risk assessment and com-munication of drugs in pregnancy by surveying the use situation and risk reasons of the drugs was in pregnancy. Methods:Referring to the risk classification of medicines in pregnancy formulated by FDA and integrating various factors in pregnant women, such as drug dosage, administration time, genetic factors, prenatal care and potential diseases et al, pharmacists established the section for outpa-tients for risk assessment and communication of drugs in pregnancy. Results:The visiting number of pregnant women was gradually in-creased after the establishment by reviewing the clinical data from the hospital information system. The new pharmacy service mode pro-vided by pharmacists for obstetrical patients was positively recognized by physicians and patients. Conclusion:The section for outpa-tients for risk assessment and communication of drugs in pregnancy should be established in order to promote the pharmaceutical knowl-edge in pregnancy and improve the medication safety.