ABSTRACT
In recent years, many researches that is related to waterborne diseases, especially diarrhea and water quality, safety, personal sanitation, hygiene have been conducting in developing country. Kharaa and Orkhon river are tributaries of the Selenge river basin and the many industries,agriculture, mining, provinces, soums are located in the near of Selenge river basin. Also Tuul,Kharaa and Orkhon river water is very polluted (Mongolian human Development Report 2010: Water and Development report).The aim of the research is to study correlation between to Kharaa and Orkhon river’s water pollution level and rate of gastrointestinal infectious diseases of people who live in the near of Selenge river basin.We analysed Kharaa and Orkhon river’s water quality and statistical data of gastrointestinal infectious diseases (such as dysentery, diarrhea, hepatitis A virus and others). Then we conducted correlation analysis between to river water pollution level and rate of intestinal infectious diseases. Kharaa and Orkhon river’s water was determined “less polluted” by physical, chemical andorganic indicators. But total number of bacteria was determined highly and Proteus vulgaris,Citrobacter freundi, Enterobacter agglomerans pathogens were detected in these river’s water. There were significant positive correlations between level of nitrit in river water and incidence of dysentery and diarrhea. (r=0.38, p=0.022; r=0.291, p=0.005).
ABSTRACT
As concentrações de N2O dissolvido e os fluxos de N2O na interface água-ar (utilizando câmaras estáticas) foram determinados ao longo do Rio Paquequer e em alguns de seus tributários. As concentrações de N2O variaram de 0,32 a 4,7 μgN.L-1, e os fluxos de N2O, de <0,56 a 141 μgN.m- 2 .h-1 . As menores concentrações e fluxos de N2O ocorreram nas cabeceiras do Rio Paquequer e do Córrego Príncipe, e a maiores, nos trechos urbanos e no Córrego Fischer. As concentrações de N2O dissolvido e os fluxos de N2O na interface água-ar foram positivamente correlacionados com a alta variabilidade nas concentrações de NH4+. Espera-se que a taxa de emissão de N2O, em massa de N, no trecho poluído do Rio Paquequer seja maior do que o valor estimado de 0,62 kgN.dia-1, uma vez que a transferência pela purga em razão da turbulência provocada por cascatas, cachoeiras e corredeiras não foi determinada.
Dissolved N2O concentrations and water-air fluxes (using floating chambers) were measured along the Paquequer River and in some tributaries. Concentrations ranged from 0.32 to 4.7 μgN.L-1 and fluxes from <0.56 to 141 μgN.m-2.h-1. The lowest N2O concentrations and fluxes were found in the headwaters of Paquequer river and in Príncipe brook, and the highest within the urban boundaries and in Fischer brook. Dissolved N2O concentrations and water-air fluxes were positively correlated with highly variable NH4+ concentrations. Mass emission rate of N2O in the polluted stretch of Paquequer River is likely to be higher than the estimate 0.62 kgN.day-1 since transfer by turbulent degassing in falls, cascades and rapids were not determined.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo Evaluar la presencia, tipo y cantidad de microorganismos en algunos de los principales productos etnofarmacológicos de administración oral, comercializados en el laboratorio Sierra Morena ubicado en el resguardo indígena de Guambia, en el Departamento del Cauca. Materiales y Métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se realizó un análisis microbiológico a través de la filtración por membrana de seis muestras escogidas de forma aleatoria que incluyeron el agua y cinco productos etnofarmacológicos listos para la distribución comercial. Resultados Las muestras tomadas fueron no aptas microbiológicamente para el consumo humano debido a la presencia de Escherichiacoli y coliformes. El recuento de UFC (Unidades Formadoras de Colonias)/100ml, (parámetro de referencia 0 UFC/100ml) llegó a ser de hasta 63.000 UFC/100ml en el caso del agua y de 110 UFC/100ml para los etnofármacos. Conclusiones Los resultados cuantitativos revelaron la presencia de organismos patógenos, lo que evidencia un fallo en la infraestructura del abastecimiento rural y purificación del agua. Es necesario un monitoreo continuo de la calidad del agua y una intervención urgente de la elaboración de los etnofármacos debido a que también se encuentran contaminados.(AU)
Objectives Evaluating microorganism presence, type and quantity in some of the most important ethnopharmacological products designed for oral administration currently being distributed by the Sierra Morena laboratory located in the Guambia Indian reservation (Cauca department, Colombia). Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study; it involved microbiological analysis using membrane filtration of six randomly-chosen samples which included the water being used by the laboratory and five of its ethnopharmacological products ready for commercial distribution and sale. Results The samples studied here were not microbiologically suitable for human consumption because they contained Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms. Colony forming unit (CFU) count/100 mL (reference 0 CFU/100 mL) was found to be up to 63,000 CFU/100 mL in water samples and 110 CFU/100 mL in ethnopharmacological samples. Conclusions The quantitative results revealed the presence of pathogens, indicating failure in rural water supply and environmental sanitation infrastructure. On-going monitoring of water quality and an urgent intervention of the laboratorys ethnopharmacological production is necessary because of the contamination found there.(AU)