Rotating Shift and Daytime Fixed Work Schedules as a Risk Factor for Depression in Korean Police Officers / 수면정신생리

OBJECTIVES: Working at other times than the regular day shift has been reported to be a stressor associated with health consequences and mental disorders as well as disturbance of sleep. In current study, we aimed at investigating the relationship between work schedule, sleep quality and depression among police officers. METHODS: Eleven hundreds and forty five police officers (male:1040, female:105) completed questionnaires of basic socio-demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Korean Scale of Occupational Stress (KOSS), Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D). RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex and educational level, score of CES-D was correlated positively with the score of KOSS, PSQI and IES-R on partial correlation analysis (r=-0.077;p=0.009, r=0.262;p<0.000 and r=0.421, p<0.000, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex, age, the score of KOSS and IES-R and schedule of rotating shift work predicted higher score than 16 score of CES-D significantly in total subjects (p=0.023, p=0.015, p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION: Current result suggested that not only female sex, age, higher occupational stress and impact of event scale but also rotating shift work schedule might be related to depression among police officers.

Sleep Pattern, Job Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Nurses on Rotating Shift and Daytime Fixed Work Schedules / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate(1)the differences in the sleep pattern, job satisfaction, the quality of life between the rotating shift work nurses and the nurses on a fixed day schedule and (2)the effects of the individual(circadian rhythm and personality)and the work system factors on the job satisfaction and the quality of life. METHODS: Sleep Questionnaire, Korean translation of Composite Scale(KtCS) Job Satisfaction Index, General Health Questionnaire, Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire were administered to 85 rotating shift work nurses(the rotating group)and 70 nurses on a fixed day schedule(the daytime group) We compared the weekday sleep pattern, the frequency of sleep disorders during the last month, circadian rhythm patterns, job satisfaction, and the quality of life between the two groups. Also, we conducted the stepwise multiple regression analysis, where the independent variables were circadian rhythm, work schedule, extroversion, and neurotism and the dependent variables were the job satisfaction and the quality of life. RESULTS: Between the two groups, there were significant differences in the sleep pattern including the regularity of sleep and the frequency and duration of naps. The rotating group had more frequent sleep problems, poorer job satisfaction and quality of life as compared with the daytime group. The job satisfaction and quality of life were poorer in the nurses who were on a rotating shift work schedule and who had higher neurotic trend. On contrary, The job satisfaction and the quality of life were better in those who were on a fixed daytime shift work schedule and who had more an extroversive trend. However, the circadian rhythm had no significant effect on the job satisfaction and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The sleep pattern, job satisfaction, and the quality of life were significantly poorer in the rotating group than in the daytime group, as expected. In terms of individual factors which determine the job satisfaction and quality of life, the personality dimensions had a significant effect, whereas the circadian rhythm did not. These results suggest that the circadian rhythms of shift workers may be realigned and that personality characteristics may be an important factor in coping with shift work.

Effect of Rapid Rotating Shift Work on the Urinary Na+, K+, and Cl- / 간호학회지

In order to investigate of the effects of rapid rotating shift work on physiological stress, the activities of urinary Na+, K+, Cl- were measured in 14 rotational shift nurses, during day shifts(8AM-4PM, n=4), evening shifts(4PM-12MN, n=5), and night shifts(12MN-8AM, n=5) in hospital twenty students attending nursing college a used as control group. Urine specimens were collected in 30 minutes before and after work on the second day of shift work. In day shift nurses, Na+ activity was 137mM at 8AM and increased to 206mM at 4PM, whereas K+ activity was 42mM at 8AM and no significant change at 4PM. Cl- activity was changed from 234mM to 344mM at 4PM at 8AM. In the evening shift, Na+ activity was 117mM at 4PM and 140mM at 12MN, K+ activity was 22mM and 32mM, respectively. Cl- activity was 169mM and changed to 270mM. During the night shift, Na+ activity was 128mM at 12MN and changed to 161mM at 8AM, K+ activity was 42mM at 12MN and 8AM, and Cl- activity was from 303mM and changed to 355mM. In general, the urinary ion activities seemed to increase after work, however there were no significant changes in ion activities except the Na+ increase in day shift. The mean of the activities of K+ and Cl- before and after work during the day and night shift were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05). K+ activities were also higher than that of evening shift(P<0.05). However, there was no difference in Na+ activity among the control group and three shifts. There was a significant relationship among urinary Na+, Cl- and K+ in the control group and rotating shift nurses except between Na+ and K+ in shift. The relationship between Na+ and Cl- was low in shift work and there was no significant relationship between Na+ and K+ in shift, suggesting that the active regulation K+ and/or Na+ in response to stress upon the shift work disrupted the ratio of urinary Na+ to K+ and also lowered the relationship between K+ and Cl-. These results suggest that nurses working the day shift were overloaded and under stress, and the night shift interfered with the physiological rhythm of the nurses.

Comparison of Subjective Symptoms of Workers in Rapidly and Weekly Rotating Shift Systems / 예방의학회지

Some circadian rhythms can become disorganized due to rotating shift work. This lack of organization, termed desynchronization, can produce a group of symptoms such as insomnia, GI disturbance and fatigue among many rotating shift workers. The magnitude of these symptoms are influenced by personal and environmental factors and the patterns of shift work. This study was carried out to investigate the subjective symptoms related to rotational schedules of shift work after personal and environmental factors adjusted. 182 male workers in rapidly rotating shift system and 86 male workers in weekly rotating shift system were conducted the questionnaire on personal factors and subjective sleep, GI and fatigue symptoms. Major findings obtained from this study are as follows: 1. The symptoms of 'feeling tired at work' and 'being irritable' were more frequent in weekly rotating shift workers(P<0.05), and the mean of symptom score was significantly higher in weekly rotating shift workers(P<0.01). 2. According to 6 hours of sleeping which is a definite elevation point of fatigue, there was not a significant difference between two groups in sleeping hours. Among workers in rapidly rotating shift system, the mean of symptom score was significantly higher in workers of less than 6 hours of sleeping(P<0.05), but it was not different among weekly rotating shift workers. 3. The symptoms of GI disturbance were more frequent in weekly rotating shift workers but statistically mot significant. 4. The positive rate of mental and physical fatigue symptoms were significantly higher in weekly rotating shift workers(P<0.01) and mental and physical fatigue symptoms were more frequent in them(P<0.01). 5. After the effect of the factors that were significantly different between two groups by X2-test were controlled, the mean score of sleep disturbance was significantly higher in weekly rotating shift workers(P<0.01) and mental physical fatigue symptoms were more frequent in them(P<0.01). Based on these study results, subjective symptoms were more common in the weekly rotating shift workers. In future, medical examination and laboratory test will be also administered to evaluate a more accurate health outcomes and the review of current shift schedules will be required.