Two types of coumarins-specific enzymes complete the last missing steps in pyran- and furanocoumarins biosynthesis

Pyran- and furanocoumarins are key representatives of tetrahydropyrans and tetrahydrofurans, respectively, exhibiting diverse physiological and medical bioactivities. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms for their core structures remain poorly understood. Here we combined multiomics analyses of biosynthetic enzymes in Peucedanum praeruptorum and in vitro functional verification and identified two types of key enzymes critical for pyran and furan ring biosynthesis in plants. These included three distinct P. praeruptorum prenyltransferases (PpPT1-3) responsible for the prenylation of the simple coumarin skeleton 7 into linear or angular precursors, and two novel CYP450 cyclases (PpDC and PpOC) crucial for the cyclization of the linear/angular precursors into either tetrahydropyran or tetrahydrofuran scaffolds. Biochemical analyses of cyclases indicated that acid/base-assisted epoxide ring opening contributed to the enzyme-catalyzed tetrahydropyran and tetrahydrofuran ring refactoring. The possible acid/base-assisted catalytic mechanisms of the identified cyclases were theoretically investigated and assessed using site-specific mutagenesis. We identified two possible acidic amino acids Glu303 in PpDC and Asp301 in PpOC as vital in the catalytic process. This study provides new enzymatic tools in the epoxide formation/epoxide-opening mediated cascade reaction and exemplifies how plants become chemically diverse in terms of enzyme function and catalytic process.

Prácticas de crianza en alimentación, conducta alimentaria y riesgo de diabetes: Una revisión sistemática / Parenting practices in feeding, eating behavior and risk of diabetes: A systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las prácticas de crianza en alimentación y la conducta alimentaria han sido ampliamente estudiadas en niños, sin embargo, es necesario proporcionar información sobre su impacto en adultos. La evidencia sugiere que las prácticas de crianza en alimentación pueden tener un impacto en la conducta alimentarias emocional, descontrolada, restrictiva y desordenada, las cuales están asociadas con el incremento del Índice de masa corporal (IMC), el sobrepeso y la obesidad, mismos que se encuentran como principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de DT2. OBJETIVO: analizar través de una revisión sistemática la evidencia existente acerca de la relación entre las prácticas de crianza en alimentación, la conducta alimentaria y el riesgo de diabetes en adultos. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura publicada de 2013 a 2023 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Clarivate Science Citation Index Expanded y SpringerLink. Se identificaron 459 estudios, luego de aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se revisaron 15 estudios en total. RESULTADOS: Las subescalas de las prácticas de crianza en alimentación más empleadas fueron: preocupación, control, presión para comer y restricción. Se encontró asociación entre las prácticas de crianza en alimentación, la conducta alimentaria y el incremento del IMC. CONCLUSIÓN: Se consideran insuficientes las investigaciones que muestran el impacto de las prácticas de crianza en alimentación sobre la conducta alimentaria y si estas a su vez tienen efectos en el riesgo de diabetes en la etapa adulta.

INTRODUCTION: Parenting practices in feeding and eating behavior have been widely studied in children, however, it is necessary to provide information on their impact on adults. The evidence suggests that parenting practices in feeding can have an impact on emotional, uncontrolled, restrictive and disordered eating behavior, which are associated with an increase in BMI, overweight and obesity, which are found as the main factor of risk for the development of T2D. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through a systematic review, the existing evidence about the relationship between parenting feeding practices, eating behavior and the risk of diabetes in adults. METHODOLOGY: A search of literature published from 2013 to 2023 was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Clarivate Science Citation Index Expanded and SpringerLink databases. 459 studies were identified, after applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies in total were reviewed. RESULTS: The subscales of the most frequently used parenting practices in feeding were: concern, control, pressure to eat and restriction. An association was found between parenting feeding practices, eating behavior and increased BMI. CONCLUSION: Research showing the impact of parenting feeding practices on eating behavior and whether these in turn have effects on the risk of diabetes in adulthood are considered insufficient.

Concordancia entre la prueba de puntuación de recurrencia de 21 genes y modelos clínico-patológicos predictivos en pacientes con cáncer de mama temprano en un centro oncológico en Colombia / Concordance between 21-gene recurrence score assay and clinicopathological predictive models in early-breast cancer patients cared for at a cancer center in Colombia

Resumen Introducción: La prueba genómica de recurrencia de 21 genes (PGR21) permite determinar la utilidad de la quimioterapia adyuvante en pacientes con cáncer de mama temprano luminal (CMTL). Se han desarrollado modelos predictivos adicionales, como las ecuaciones de Magee (EM), el modelo Predict (MP) y la puntuación del nomograma de la Universidad de Tennessee (NT). Objetivo: Evaluar la concordancia entre PGR21, EM, MP y NT. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con CMTL unifocal y con resultados de PGR21, EM, MP y NT. Se efectuó subanálisis de mujeres mayores de 50 años. La concordancia se evaluó mediante índice kappa de Cohen (IK). Resultados: Se incluyeron 122 mujeres. La concordancia entre PGR21 y EM (IK = 0.35) y MP (IK = 0.24) fue aceptable (p < 0.001); entre PGR21 y NT fue inferior (IK = 0.16, p = 0.04). Se incluyeron 80 pacientes mayores de 50 años con datos suficientes para calcular los tres modelos. Se encontró concordancia entre la clasificación de bajo riesgo mediante PGR21 y los tres modelos combinados en 36/37 pacientes (valor predictivo negativo de 97.3 %). Conclusión: Se puede omitir la PGR21 en las mujeres mayores de 50 años con CMTL que se clasifica de bajo riesgo en los tres modelos predictivos.

Abstract Introduction: The genomic-based 21-gene recurrence score assay (21-GRSA) allows to determine the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with luminal-type early breast cancer (LTEBC). Additional predictive models have also been developed, such as Magee equations (ME), the Predict model (PM), and the Tennessee nomogram score (TNS). Objective: To evaluate the concordance between 21-GRSA, ME, PM and TNS. Methods: Patients with unifocal LTEBC and 21-GRSA, ME, PM and TNS results were included. A subgroup analysis of women older than 50 years was carried out. Concordance between the models and 21-GRSA was evaluated using Cohen's kappa index (KI). Results: One-hundred and twenty-two women were included. Concordance between 21-GRSA and ME (KI = 0.35) and PM (KI = 0.24) was fair (p < 0.001). Concordance between 21-GRSA and TNS was inferior (KI = 0.16, p = 0.04). Eighty patients older than 50 years with sufficient data to calculate all three predictive models were included. Concordance was found between the low-risk classification on 21-GRSA and all three combined models in 36/37 patients (negative predictive value of 97.3%). Conclusion: 21-GRSA can be omitted in women older than 50 years with LTEBC classified with low risk scores on all three predictive models.

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TRAINING: AN EFFICIENT TOOL?

Introduction: This is an interventional study since an in-service training to nursing staff has been given, performed in order to assess whether training has a significant impact on knowledge on BMWM. BMWM has become a significant concern for both the medical and general community. Effective management of biomedical waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Objective: To assess the impact of in-service training on the knowledge among the nursing staff working in pre-identified patient care areas of a tertiary healthcare organization in North India. The study was Methods: conducted from April 2017 to April 2018. It was an interventional study. Study sample consists of the Nursing staff working in the Pre identified patient care areas of the institute who are dealing with BMW generation. The study was conducted by using a questionnaire. The data thus obtained was tabulated and interpretation was done by using SPSS 23 software. Results: It included 200 Nursing staff. Majority of study participants belongs to 21 -30 years (61%) age group. More than two third of study participants working in hospital from 1 to 5 years. The result indicated that there was a significant increment in the knowledge score from the pre-assessment to the post-assessment. The mean difference between two was found to be significant (2.3+- 0.41 v/s 2.80+-0.39, P value <0.001). the use of a training model could improve knowledge of regulated biome Conclusion: dical waste management among the staff. Such an improvement could translate into improved performance. The importance of training regarding biomedical waste management cannot be overemphasized, lack of proper and complete knowledge about biomedical waste management impacts practices of appropriate waste disposal

Analysis of Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Malaria Treatment Based on Data Mining / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To analyze the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for malaria treatment.Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the basic attributes of TCM drugs with regard to property, therapeutic methods, flavor, and meridian tropism. A complex network of TCM drug associations was constructed. Cluster analysis was applied to obtain the core drugs for malaria treatment. The Apriori algorithm was applied to analyze the association rules of these core drugs.Results A total of 357 herbs were used 3,194 times in 461 prescriptions for malaria treatment. Radix Glycyrrhizae (), Rhizoma Pinelliae (), Radix Bupleuri (), and Radix Dichroae () were the frequently used herbs through supplementing, exterior-releasing, heat-clearing, qi-rectifying, and damp-resolving therapeutic methods. Such herbs had warm, natural, and cold herbal properties; pungent, bitter, and sweet flavors; and spleen, lung, and stomach meridian tropisms. Cluster analysis showed 61 core drugs, including Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix Bupleuri, and Radix Scutellariae (). Apriori association rule analysis yielded 12 binomial rules (herb pairs) and 6 trinomial rules (herb combinations). Radix Bupleuri plus Radix Scutellariae was the core herbal pair for treating malaria. This pair could be combined with Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae () for treating warm or cold malaria, combined with Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae () or Radix Dichroae () for treating miasmic malaria, or combined with turtle shells () for treating malaria with splenomegaly.Conclusions TCM can be used to classify and treat malaria in accordance with the different stages of development. As the core herbal pair, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae can be combined with other drugs to treat malaria with different syndrome types.

Medication rules of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions for treating angina in national patent database based on multiple data mining / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the medication rules of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions for the treatment of angina based on the Chinese herbal compound patents in the patent database of the China National Intellectual Property Administration. The data of eligible Chinese herbal compound patents for the treatment of angina were collected from the patent database of the China National Intellectual Property Administration from database inception to November 10, 2022, and subjected to data modeling, analysis of main syndromes, medication frequency analysis, cluster analysis, association rule analysis, and data visualization by using Excel 2021, IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0, IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, Cytoscape 3.9.1, and Rstudio R 4.2.2.2 to explore the medication rules for angina. The study included 636 pieces of patent data for angina that met the inclusion criteria, involving 815 drugs, with a total frequency of 6 586. The most common main syndromes were blood stasis obstructing the heart syndrome(222, 34.91%) and Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(112, 17.61%). The top 10 most frequently used drugs were Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Carthami Flos, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Borneolum Syntheticum, and Corydalis Rhizoma. High-frequency drugs included blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs(1 197, 18.17%) and deficiency-tonifying drugs(809, 12.28%). Cluster analysis identified eight drug combinations, including five new prescriptions suitable for clinical use and new drug development, and three drug pairs. The core drug combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Carthami Flos was identified through the complex co-occurrence network analysis of Chinese medicines. Association rule analysis yielded a total of 17 rules, including 13 drug pairs and 4 tripartite combinations. Common drug pairs included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma(support degree 25.79%, confidence coefficient 69.49%, lift 1.30) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(support degree 22.01%, confidence coefficient 61.95%, lift 1.16). Common tripartite combinations included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Astragali Radix(support degree 10.85%, confidence coefficient 73.40%, lift 1.37) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(support degree 10.69%, confidence coefficient 79.07%, lift 1.48). The results showed that the underlying pathogenesis of angina involved blood stasis obstructing the heart and Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The overall nature of the disease was characterized as asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality. In the prescription formulation, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, such as Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Carthami Flos were often used to resolve the excess manifestation, which were combined with tonifying drugs such as Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to reinforce the deficiency. The syndrome, pathogenesis, disease nature, and medication were consistent with clinical practice. Additionally, the new compound prescriptions and drug combinations derived from the multiple data mining in this study could provide references and insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of angina and the development of new drugs.

Medication and prescription rules for treating spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary / 数字中医药（英文）

@#【Objective】   To explore the prescriptions related to the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary (Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,《太平惠民和剂局方》, TPHMHJJF), and investigate the medication and prescription rules. 【Methods】   The prescriptions of TPHMHJJF for treating spleen and stomach diseases were screened, and the data set was established by entering the prescriptions and standardized drug names using WPS Excel 2019. Herb frequency statistics, efficacy categorization, property, flavor, meridian tropism, association rules, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and complex network analysis were performed using Python 3.6.8 programming language and Gephi 0.9.2 visualization software. 【Results】   A total of 239 prescriptions were included after the screening, and the dosage forms were mainly pills and powders. The study involved 200 herbal medicines, among which 40 herbs had a frequency of ≥ 12. The herb with the highest frequency was Ganjiang (Zingiber Rhizoma). The herb properties were mainly warm in nature, with the most pungent herbs. Most herbs were attributed to the spleen and stomach meridians, and tonifying medicine were the main species. The association rule analysis identified 26 second-order association rules and 16 third-order association rules, with "Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) → Fuling (Poria)" as the leading rule in the former and "Fuling (Poria) + Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome) → Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)" as the leading rule in the latter. Also, cluster analysis divided the top 30 herbs into six herb combinations that can warm the middle, move Qi, and dry dampness effectively. Factor analysis extracted 13 common factors, with Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome) as the highest contributing factors. Lastly, complex network analysis yielded the core prescription of 14 herbs, with Ganjiang (Zingiber Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome), and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) among the herbs with a higher weighting degree. 【Conclusion】  TPHMHJJF is mainly based on the use of warming herbs to treat spleen and stomach diseases, and its medication rule can be summarized into three aspects: (i) primarily using warming and tonifying to warm the middle and dissipate cold, (ii) using the method of moving Qi with aromatic nature to delight the spleen and appetize the stomach, and (iii) emphasizing the regulation of Qi and blood to calm the five zang-organs.

The rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture and moxibustion for scrofula in ancient times / 中国针灸

Based on data mining technology, the rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture-moxibustion for scrofula in ancient times were analyzed. The relevant articles of acupuncture and moxibustion for scrofula were searched in the Chinese Medical Code, and the original article, acupoint name, acupoint characteristic, and acupoint meridian tropism, etc. were screened and extracted. The Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to establish a acupoint prescription database, and the frequency of acupoints as well as their meridian tropism and characteristics were analyzed. The SPSS21.0 was applied to perform cluster analysis of acupuncture prescriptions; the SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used to perform the association rules analysis of the neck and the chest-armpit acupoints, respectively. As a result, 314 acupuncture prescriptions were extracted, including 236 single-acupoint prescriptions and 78 multiple-acupoints prescriptions (53 for neck and 25 for chest-armpit). A total of 54 acupoints were involved, with a total frequency of 530. The top 3 commonly-used acupoints were Tianjing (TE 10), Zulinqi (GB 41) and Taichong (LR 3); the most commonly-used meridians were hand shaoyang meridian, foot shaoyang meridian, hand yangming meridian and foot yangming meridian; the most commonly-used special acupoints were he-sea points and shu-stream points. The cluster analysis obtained 6 clusters, and the association rule analysis obtained that the core prescriptions of the neck were Quchi (LI 11), Jianyu (LI 15), Tianjing (TE 10) and Jianjing (GB 21), while the core prescriptions of the chest-armpit were Daling (PC 7), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Danzhong (CV 17), Jianjing (GB 21), Waiguan (TE 5), Zhigou (TE 6), Yuanye (GB 22) and Zhangmen (LR 13). The core prescriptions obtained from association rule analysis by difference areas were basically consistent with those by cluster analysis of total prescriptions.

Review and comment rules of national key monitoring drug prescriptions （medical orders） / 中国药房

In order to standardize the review and comment of national key monitoring drug prescriptions （medical orders） by medical institutions at all levels， the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences·Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital took the lead in compiling the Review and Comment Rules of National Key Monitoring Drugs prescriptions （Medical Orders） herein after referred to as the Rules in accordance with the Second Batch of National Key Monitoring Rational Drug Use List （hereinafter referred to as the List） issued by the National Health Commission confirmed in Jan. 13， 2023. According to the laws and drug instructions issued by the national drug regulatory department， clinical guidelines and expert consensus， combined with the actual situation of patients （including age， body weight， liver and kidney function）， the writing group classified the common and unreasonable drug use problems for 30 kinds of drugs included in the List and develop the review and comment details. After two rounds of Delphi method questionnaire research and experts’ online meetings， and reviewed by the steering committee， the final Rules was formed. The Rules aim to provide reference for the evaluation of the rational use of drugs included in the List by medical institutions， so as to realize the standardized management of key monitoring drugs， promote the rational drug use in medical institutions， and ensure the safety of drug use for patients.

Analysis on medication rules of Xin'an medicine for treatment of melancholia administered by physicians in the Ming and Qing dynasties based on R language data mining / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the medication rules of Xin'an medicine for the treatment of melancholia and further analyze the medication ideas of Xin'an physicians in the treatment of melancholia.Methods:The documents of Xin'an physicians treating melancholia in the fifth edition of the Chinese Medical Code and the online database of ancient Chinese medicine were retrieved. Excel was used to extract the prescription information to establish the database. R language was used to analyze the data regarding the medication frequency, nature and taste, association rules, and clustering of the traditional Chinese medicine used in the prescription. Results:A total of 127 effective prescriptions were sorted out, and 177 kinds of Chinese medicines were used with a total medication frequency of 1 031 times. The top three Chinese medicines with the highest frequency of use were Poria cocos (57 times), Licorice (46 times), and Paeonia Lactiflora (40 times). The main nature of herbs was plain and warm nature. The warm herbs were the most frequently used (298 times). The first five flavors of the herbs which were the most used were pungent taste (475 times, 28.70%), bitter taste (459 times, 27.73%), and sweet taste (453 times, 27.37%). The commonly used herbs with confidence coefficient > 0.800 were Licorice + Angelica sinensis, Licorice + Angelica sinensis and Paeonia Lactiflora, Licorice + Bupleurum, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala, Cyperus root + Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Angelica sinensis + Atractylodes macrocephala and Licorice, Paeonia Lactiflora + Angelica sinensis and Poria cocos, Licorice + Angelica sinensis and Poria cocos, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica sinensis, Licorice + Bupleurum and Paeonia Lactiflora, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala and Ginseng, Licorice + Ginseng and Angelica sinensis, Cyperus root + Medicated leaven, Ginseng + Astragalus mongholicus, Licorice + Astragalus mongholicus.Conclusion:Xin'an medicine for the treatment of melancholia mainly uses pungent, bitter, sweet, and warm herbs. It can adjust the chill and fever, Yin and Yang of the human body, diminishes the urgency, and regulates the flow of Qi.

Visualization analysis of bibliometrics for clinical researches on Wumei pill based on CiteSpace / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical researches of Wumei Pill and provide reference for clinical application and follow-up research.Methods:The databases CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, CBM, PubMed, Embase were retrieved from the inception to June 30,2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 software was used to analyze the research hotspots and keywords in the literature. Using EndNote X9 software and Microsoft Office Excel 2013, we recorded and analyzed the published year, literature type, affiliated journal, disease treated, TCM syndrome type, single drug dose and treatment duration of the included articles.Results:212 articles were included. Diarrhea, gastritis, diabetes, insomnia were the research hotspots. The types of diseases treated by Wumei Pill mainly include digestive system, endocrine system and tumor, mainly for cold-heat syndrome and Jueyin syndrome. The average dosage of Mume Fructus was the largest, 21 g. The average treatment time was 5.78 weeks. Conclusion:At present, the overall clinical research of Wumei pill shows an increasing tendency, mainly involving gastrointestinal disease.

Study on acupoint selection law of acupuncture for autism spectrum disorder based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the acupoint selection law of acupuncture for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using data mining techniques.Methods:Literature related to acupuncture for ASD was retrieved from the CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, and PubMed databases from the establishment of the databases to April 1, 2022, and then a database of acupuncture prescriptions was established. The frequency analysis of acupoint use was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019; the Apriori algorithm was used to analyze the association law of acupoints/acupoint areas; SPSS 26.0 was used to perform intergroup cluster analysis.Results:A total of 97 relevant articles with 97 acupuncture prescriptions and 98 acupoints/acupoint areas were included. The most frequently used acupoint was Shenmen (HT 7). The acupoint area of Jin's three-needle therapy and the Governor Vessel acupoints are commonly used. The most frequently occurring part of the acupoint/acupoint area was the head, and the most commonly used specific acupoint was the rendezvous acupoint. Association rule analysis yielded 40 groups of acupoints/acupoint areas, and the most commonly used combination was Laogong (PC 8) and Shenmen (HT 7). Four categories were extracted among high-frequency acupoints/acupoint areas by cluster analysis.Conclusion:Acupuncture treatment for ASD mainly selects the head acupoints, mainly selecting the acupoint area of Jin's three-needle therapy and the Governor Vessel acupoints, and paying attention to the use of specific acupoints.

Study on medication rule of TCM fumigation and washing in promoting the postoperative healing of hemorrhoids / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) fumigation and washing to promote postoperative healing of hemorrhoids by data mining technology.Methods:The clinical literature about TCM fumigation and washing to promote postoperative healing of hemorrhoids was retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed from the establishment of the databases to March 10, 2022. The frequency efficacy attributes, core medicinal pairs and core prescriptions of TCM were analyzed by using the Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V2.3.5).Results:A total of 299 articles were included, involving 200 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The drugs used at high frequency ≥40 were Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Natrii Sulfas, Galla Chinensis and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and so on. The main efficacy was to clear heat and reduce dampness; cold, warm and slightly cold were the main medicinal properties, and the tastes were mainly bitter, pungent, sweet and sour, and most of the drugs return to the liver meridian, stomach meridian, heart meridian, large intestine meridian and so on. A total of 22 rules were obtained by correlation analysis. Five groups of drugs were obtained by clustering analysis. The core prescription drugs obtained by complex network analysis included Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Natrii Sulfas, Galla Chinensis, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Taraxaci Herba, Borneolum Syntheticum, Sanguisorbae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Carthami Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Olibanum, Myrrha, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Conclusion:TCM fumigation and washing can promote the postoperative healing of hemorrhoids mainly by clearing heat and reducing dampness and detoxification, as well as promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, restraining sore and generating muscle.

Study on medication law of TCM compounds for treatment of blood stasis type vascular dementia / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the medication law and core Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds in the treatment of blood stasis vascular dementia (VD) based on data mining.Methods:The literature about TCM treatment for blood stasis VD was retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM from January 2000 to November 2021. Microsoft Office Excel 2019, SPSS Modeler 18.0, SPSS Statistics 25.0, R X64 4.1.2, and Origin 2021 were used to perform medication frequency analysis, frequency analysis of four properties and five tastes of TCM, association rules, clustering analysis, factor analysis and data visualization.Results:A total of 196 articles were included, with 196 TCM prescriptions, involving 200 kinds of Chinese materia medica. High-frequency drugs were for Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Carthami Flos. The medicinal properties were mainly warm, mild and cold, the tastes were mainly sweet, bitter and pungent, and the meridians were mainly liver meridian, spleen meridian and heart meridian. A total of 19 association rules were obtained from the analysis of association rules for 2 kinds of Chinese materia medica, and the rules of the representative were Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma- Polygalae Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Carthami Flos, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma- Curcumae Radix. A total of 4 categories were extracted through clustering analysis. Factor analysis extracted a total of 8 common factors. Conclusion:The core pathogenesis of blood stasis VD is blood stasis blocking brain collaterals, and there were also pathological factors such as qi deficiency, yin deficiency, phlegm turbidity and so on. The basic treatment is promoting blood circulation and removing stasis, and different methods of promoting blood circulation and drugs are selected. The methods of strengthening spleen and reducing phlegm, nourishing yin and blood, inducing resuscitation, tonifying the kidney and spleen, regulating qi, promoting collaterals and so on can also be used based on syndromes and symptoms of the patients.

Study on medication law of TCM compounds with national patents for treatment of vascular dementia / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the prescription and medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds in the treatment of vascular dementia (VD) based on patent database.Methods:TCM compounds with patents about VD were retrieved from Chinese patent announcement website of the State Intellectual Property Office and CNKI. The retrieval time was from the establishment to the databases to 31 st, March 2022. The frequency, clusteringand association analysis were carried out with the help of TCM inheritance auxiliary platform (V2.5). The medication law was analyzed. Results:154 TCM compound patents for the treatment of vascular dementia were screened, involving 227 kinds of Chinese materia medica. Among them, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (44 times, 28.57%) was used more frequently, and the common medicinal pair was Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma- Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (17 times, 11.03%). The medicinal property was mainly warm, the taste was mainly sweet, and the meridian was mainly liver meridian. Those with high confidence based on association rules were " Corni Fructus -Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma" (0.90), " Corni Fructus -Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata" (0.90). Based on the complex network, it was concluded that the core drugs were 14 groups such as " Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata- Cistanches Herba- Corni Fructus". The new prescriptions extracted by entropy cluster analysis included 7 groups such as " Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata, Cistanches Herba, Corni Fructus and Asparagi Radix". Conclusion:The treatment of VD by TCM compounds with national patents is mainly based on tonifying deficiency, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, eliminating phlegm and dampness, expelling wind and dredging collaterals, opening orifices and resuscitation, which can provide reference for clinical practice and new drug research and development.

Study on the regular pattern of "disease-syndrome-medicine" of different diseases with the same treatment for blood stasis syndrome based on complex network similarity analysis / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To reveal the regular pattern characteristics of different diseases with the same treatment in the most common diseases with blood stasis syndrome; To provide reference for the clinical treatment of blood stasis syndrome and the development of new drugs.Methods:RCTs of blood stasis syndrome were retrieved from CNKI, Chongqing VIP, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, and China Medical Journal Full-text Database from the establishment of the databases to December 31, 2022. Diseases, accompanied symptoms, prescriptions and medicines were extracted. The diseases with the highest frequency among the three disease systems with the highest frequency were collected, and their medication characteristics and prescription rules were analyzed using frequency statistics and association rules Apriori algorithm. The core prescriptions of blood stasis syndrome of three kinds of diseases were excavated and their network similarity was analyzed.Results:A total of 2 052 articles were included. Stable coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and DN were more common diseases with blood stasis syndrome. The common drugs for the three diseases were Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Carthami Flos, Persicae Semen, Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The core prescription of stable coronary heart disease was Persicae Semen- Carthami Flos- Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Angelicae Sinensis Radix- Paeoniae Radix Rubra; the core prescription of ischemic stroke is Buyang Huanwu Decoction; the core prescription of DN was Persicae Semen- Carthami Flos- Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Angelicae Sinensis Radix- Cornus Officinalis- Dioscoreae Rhizoma- Astragali Radix. The similarity between stable coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke core prescription network was 0.35, the similarity between ischemic stroke and DN core prescription network was 0.29, and the similarity between stable coronary heart disease and DN core prescription network was 0.26. Conclusions:The theory of "different diseases with the same treatment" can profoundly guide clinical practice. The core medicines of blood stasis syndrome are Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. On this basis, combined with different diseases and syndromes to make changes of adding and subtracting.

Rules of acupuncture points in the treatment of dysmenorrhea of endometriosis / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To summarize the application rules of acupuncture and moxibustion in the clinical trials for dysmenorrhea and endometriosis.Methods:The relevant articles of clinical research on acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of dysmenorrhea in endometriosis were retrieved electronically from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Cochrane Library (Retrieved from database establishment until 31 October 2021). The clinical literatures that met the inclusion criteria were included into the database (Microsoft Office Excel 2019), and the main table and sub-table were established through Microsoft Office Excel 2019. Descriptive statistic analysis was performed by using SPSS 26.0 software. StataSE15 (64-bit) software was used to analyze the correlation between the combinations of acupoints with single acupoint frequency>5.Results:A total of 40 clinical studies were included. Of them, the top 3 acupuncture methods according to the frequency were acupuncture (11 times), moxibustion (11 times), and electro-acupuncture (8 times), the top 3 acupuncture points used according to the frequency were Guan Yuan (34 times), San Yin Jiao (26 times), and Zhong Ji (25 times), the top 3 meridians of the body acupuncture points according to the frequency were Ren Meridian (36 times), Spleen Meridian (32 times), and Stomach Meridian (22 times). According to the correlation analysis, body points of Guan Yuan, San Yin Jiao, Uterus, Qi Hai and Zhong Ji were stronge related.Conclusion:Acupuncture can effectively treat EMT dysmenorrhea with less adverse reactions. The methods are mainly acupuncture, moxibustion and electroacupuncture, mostly local acupoints, intersection acupoints and empirical acupoints.

Acupoint selection rule of acupuncture therapy for relieving postoperative pain based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the rule of acupoint selection for acupuncture in relieving postoperative pain based on data mining technology.Methods:Articles about acupuncture for postoperative pain were retrieved from CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from establishment to June 6, 2022. Excel 2019 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software were used to establish acupoints database and conduct the data analysis.Results:Totally 308 articles were obtained, involving 317 acupuncture prescriptions and 173 acupoints. Acupoints of bladder meridian, stomach meridian, large intestine meridian and spleen meridian were used frequently. Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) were high-frequency acupoints with a frequency of ≥50 times. Five-shu acupoint was often selected in specific acupoints. The common sites for acupuncture to relieve postoperative pain were abdomen, perianal, lumbar back and knee. Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and other acupoints were commonly used for abdominal postoperative pain, and the most commonly used combination was "Zusanli (ST 36)-Neiguan (PC 6)"; Chengshan (BL 57), Changqiang (GV 1) and other acupoints were often used for perianal postoperative pain, and "Chengshan (BL 57)-Changqiang (GV 1)" was highly correlated combination; Shenshu (BL 23) and Huantiao (GB 30) were commonly used for postoperative pain in the lumbar and back region, and acupoints with high correlation were "Ashi acupoint-Huantiao (GB 30)" and "Shenshu (BL 23)-Huantiao (GB 30)"; Xuehai (SP10) and Liangqiu (ST 34) were commonly used for postoperative pain of knee, and their compatibility had a high correlation.Conclusion:Acupuncture therapy for relieving postoperative pain often selects Yang meridians acupoints, and follows the principle of distal-proximal points combination and acupoint selection along meridians, and pays attention to the use of specific acupoints.

Research on the rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions of gastroesophageal reflux disease based on Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescriptions of gastroesophageal reflux disease based on Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform.Method:The relevant medical cases from ancient medical case database, modern medical case database, shared medical case database and famous doctors' medical case database in Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V2.3.8) were selected, and frequency analysis, attribute analysis, association analysis, cluster analysis and complex network analysis were performed on the herbs.Results:A total of 107 medical records were obtained, including 225 TCMs. The core medicines were Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Poria, and Fructus Evodiae. The drug property was mainly cold and warm, and the herbal tastes bitter and pungent. The meridian tropism of drugs mainly manifested in the spleen and stomach meridians. The core herbal pairs were Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. The core prescription consisted of 17 herbs including Radix Glycyrrhizae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus Evodiae, Poria, Endoconcha Sepiae, Herba Taraxaci, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Bupleuri, Jiang Banxia, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Aucklandiae, Caulis Bambusae In Taenia, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus Amomi, and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae. Conclusions:Chinese medicine treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is mainly based on Chaihu Shugan Powder, Zuojin Pill, and Wendan Decoction. Moreover, we need to combine with clinical symptoms to add or subtract herbs.

Medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine patent compounds in the treatment of Alzheimer disease based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) patent compounds for Alzheimer disease (AD) by using data mining method.Methods:The TCM compounds for the treatment of AD in the patent database were screened, and the frequency, clustering and association analysis were carried out with the help of TCM inheritance calculation platform, SPSS Statistics 21.0 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software. The medication law was analyzed.Results:A total of 220 patent compounds were included, involving 361 kinds of Chinese materia medica; the top 10 high-frequency drugs were Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Lycii Fructus, Poria, Rehmanniae Radix PraeparataAngelicae Sinensis Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; the most frequently used drugs were drugs for tonifying deficiency and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis; most of their properties belonged to warm, mild and cold; the tastes were mainly sweet, bitter and pungent; the meridians belonged to the five internal organs. 16 items of association data (4 combinations of two items and 12 combinations of three items) were obtained by association rule analysis, and the strongest correlation group was " Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma- Polygalae Radix" and " Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma- Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Polygalae Radix". Cluster analysis showed four prescription combinations and three pairs of drug compatibility, including the addition and subtraction structure of Kaixin Powder, Zuogui Pill, Bazhen decoction and so on. Conclusion:The core treatment principle of TCM patent compound treatment of AD is regulating and tonifying the five internal organs to treat its root, resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis to treat the symptoms, which accords with the theoretical basis of TCM in the treatment of AD, and can provide reference for clinical practice and new drug research and development.