ABSTRACT
RESUMO Avaliou-se o coeficiente de escoamento (volume escoado/volume precipitado), que define a capacidade de redução do escoamento superficial de um pavimento com blocos de solo-cimento intertravados (20,7 m de comprimento e 3 m de largura) dentro de uma estrutura de vigas de concreto transversais implantada em uma área de declividade de 6% e solo de baixa permeabilidade, e condições similares em áreas de ocupação de populações de baixa renda. Cento e oitenta e quatro eventos (precipitações) foram registrados, mas somente foram considerados eventos com volume precipitado maior que a capacidade máxima de armazenamento do pavimento (≈ 1.500 L) e temperatura menor a 23ºC para manter a precisão do sensor de medição. Os valores experimentais do coeficiente C oscilaram na faixa de 0,47 a 0,79, que confirmam que o pavimento de bloco de solo-cimento é semipermeável.
ABSTRACT In this article, the authors assessed the runoff coefficient C (drained volume/volume precipitate), which defines the capacity reduction of runoff, of a pavement with soil-cement interlocking blocks (20.7 m long and 3 m wide) within a structure of transverse concrete beams deployed in an area with slope of 6% and low permeability soil, and similar conditions in areas occupied by poor populations. One hundred and eighty-four events (rainfall) were recorded, but only events with a precipitate volume greater than the maximum capacity storage of pavement (≈ 1,500 liters) and a temperature less than 23ºC, to maintain the accuracy of the measurement sensor, were considered. The experimental values of the coefficient C varied in the range of 0.47 to 0.79, confirming that the soil-cement block pavement is semi permeable.
ABSTRACT
Introduction and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the filling ability of lateral canals after main canal obturation through three different endodontic sealers. Material and methods: Thirty single-rooted pre-molars were used and, six lateral canals were constructed on proximal surfaces and arranged in pairs at 3, 5 and 7 mm from the apex. After chemo-mechanical preparation, with size #40 memory instrument, the teeth were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, according to the root canal sealer applied: Endofill® (group A), Sealer 26® (group B) and MTA Fillapex® (group C). In all groups, we used active lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha associated with sealer. After obturation, the teeth were radiographed at buccolingual direction and the images were digitized. The analysis of endodontic sealer plug near the lateral canals was performed by calculating the area through Image Tool® software. Results and Conclusion: The data were subjected to parametric (Anova), and nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests, with significance level of 5%. There was no difference among the tested sealers for filling the lateral canals. Concerning to the positions of lateral canals, no differences were also found among sealer types, except at 7 mm from the apex, where MTA Fillapex® showed a significantly greater filling than Sealer 26®.
ABSTRACT
Neste estudo realizou-se a caracterização do uso e ocupação do solo na cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP), além da análise detalhada da impermeabilização urbana e conectividade hidráulica dos lotes. Também foi avaliado o coeficiente de escoamento superficial (C) para seis sub-bacias, utilizando-se três métodos com diferentes níveis de precisão. Utilizando-se o Método Racional com os valores estimados de C, calcularam-se os picos de vazão para as sub-bacias. Identificou-se que a impermeabilização cresce com a redução da área do lote. As estimativas de C resultam em diferenças importantes em seus valores, refletindo na previsão da vazão. A utilização de tabelas com C detalhado e no seu limite superior se aproxima dos valores estimados por C AIDC. Recomenda-se estimar C AIDC a partir da área do lote ou pesquisa de campo.
This paper presents a study of characterization of land occupation and its use in the city of Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo), as well as a detailed analysis of the urban imperviousness and hydraulic connectivity of the plots. The runoff coefficient (C) for siz sub-basins was evaluated on the basis of three different definitions. The peaks of outflow for the sub-basins were calculated using the Rational Method with the estimated values of C. It was identified that the imperviousness increases as the area of the plot decreases. The estimative of the C show important differences in its values, influencing the outflow. The use of tables with detailed and maximal C values beyond its superior limitation is equivalent to the values estimated with C DCIA. It is recommended that the C DCIA relative to the area be estimated based on the plot or field researches.