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1.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 24: e200130, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1134570

ABSTRACT

Este artigo foi escrito a partir de um trabalho de perscrutação a jornais, relatórios e textos memorialísticos e objetiva oferecer um contributo historiográfico sobre a criação do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, sancionada em janeiro de 1959 após uma movimentação institucional liderada pelo professor Carlos da Silva Lacaz, seu primeiro diretor. Procura-se destacar aqui dois importantes eixos que contribuíram para a decisão em prover a capital paulista de um Instituto de Medicina Tropical: em primeiro lugar, a internacionalização da Medicina Tropical brasileira, nomeadamente sua relação com tropicalistas portugueses, consubstanciada com a ida de brasileiros - em especial, paulistas - aos institutos de Medicina Tropical na Europa e, em segundo lugar, a presença de endemias rurais no estado de São Paulo (Brasil), que começavam a tornar-se visíveis na capital em decorrência dos movimentos migratórios em direção à cidade.(AU)


This article was based on an examination of newspapers, reports, and memorial texts. It aims at offering a historiographical contribution about the creation of the Institute for Tropical Medicine (IMT, Instituto de Medicina Tropical), approved in January 1959 after an institutional movement led by Prof. Carlos da Silva Lacaz, who was also its first director. The objective is to highlight important factors that contributed to the decision of creating an institute of Tropical Medicine in the Brazilian city of São Paulo, capital of the state of São Paulo. The first of them was to internationalize the Brazilian Tropical Medicine, namely its relationship with Portuguese tropicalists that was consubstantiated with the migration of Brazilians, particularly from the city of São Paulo, to European institutes of Tropical Medicine. The presence of rural endemic diseases in the state, which were becoming increasingly visible in the capital due to migratory movements to the big city, also contributed to its creation.(AU)


Este artículo se escribió a partir de un trabajo de búsqueda en periódicos, informes y textos memorialísticos y tiene el objetivo de ofrecer una contribución historiográfica sobre la creación del Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, sancionada en enero de 1959 después de un movimiento institucional liderado por el profesor Carlos da Silva Lacaz, su primer director. Se busca destacar aquí dos ejes importantes que contribuyeron para la decisión de proporcionar a la capital del Estado de São Paulo un instituto de Medicina Tropical: en primer lugar, la internacionalización de la Medicina Tropical brasileña, principalmente su relación con tropicalistas portugueses, consubstanciada con la ida de brasileños, en especial del estado de São Paulo, a los institutos de medicina tropical en Europa y, en segundo lugar, la presencia de endemias rurales en el Estado de São Paulo (Brasil) que comenzaban a ser visibles en la capital debido a los movimientos migratorios hacia la ciudad.(AU)


Subject(s)
Tropical Medicine , Academies and Institutes/history , Brazil
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 19(1): 197-216, jan.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-623301

ABSTRACT

Analisa o Programa de Erradicação da Bouba, desenvolvido no Brasil entre 1956 e 1961. Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, durante a qual iniciou-se o uso de antibióticos, um novo método parecia possibilitar a erradicação de treponematoses em curto prazo: a aplicação de injeções de penicilina em dose única. Sob o clima de valorização do controle das endemias rurais no país, a organização de uma campanha contra a bouba tornou-se possível. Os trabalhos, realizados pelo Departamento Nacional de Endemias Rurais, encontraram uma população desnutrida e faminta, o que colocou em dúvida as pretensões da campanha e as concepções de saúde e desenvolvimento da época.


The article analyzes the Program to Eradicate Yaws, enforced in Brazil from 1956 through 1961. Following World War II, when antibiotics first came into use, it seemed there might be a method for eradicating treponematosis in a short time: a single-dose injection of penicillin. At a moment when priority was being placed on fighting rural endemic disease in Brazil, it became possible to organize a campaign against yaws. The article explores the initiatives undertaken by the National Department of Rural Endemic Diseases that revealed a malnourished, starving population, and called into question the very intentions behind the campaign and the day's concepts of health and development.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Yaws/history , Endemic Diseases/history , Disease Eradication/history , Penicillins , Brazil , Hygiene , Malnutrition
3.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 61(3): 209-212, sep.-dic. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-629356

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la cromomicosis, descrita por Max Rudolph en 1914, es una micosis subcutánea de desarrollo crónico, que se adquiere generalmente a partir de un traumatismo cutáneo y es causada por hongos dematíaceos. En Venezuela se ha reportado en todo el país aunque hay franco predominio en los estados de Lara, Zulia y Falcón. OBJETIVO: establecer algunos factores que pudieran explicar la endemia en la zona rural del estado de Falcón, Venezuela. MÉTODOS: se procedió a la detección in vitro de Cladophialophora carrionii a partir de la vegetación típica de esta región, semiárida, descrita como "bosque xerófilo de espinar". Se realizó además, búsqueda activa de casos clínicos entre los habitantes de la zona, mediante examen directo y cultivo de las escamas obtenidas a partir de lesiones y se trató de establecer, la existencia un factor de susceptibilidad hereditario mediante el cálculo del factor de heredabilidad de Falconer y la metodología de problemas genéticos heredables de Arias. RESULTADOS: se pudo aislar C. carrionii a partir de especies xerófilas abundantes en la zona: Prosopis juliflora; y varias cactáceas. La casuística acumulada, en nuestro estado representa 54,4 % (490/900) de todos los casos reportados en Venezuela, desde 1983 hasta 2005. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron infectados por C. carrionii y refirieron traumas frecuentes con espinas de cactáceas. Mediante estudios genealógicos se demostró la concentración de los casos en grupos familiares (hasta 11 % superior a la comunidad) así como un factor de heredabilidad de 65 % y alta frecuencia de matrimonios consanguíneos (25 %) asociados con 7 % de personas con cromomicosis. CONCLUSIONES: se consideró que se trata de una endemia rural, laboral y familiar, posiblemente relacionada con un factor de susceptibilidad heredable.


INTRODUCTION: chromomycosis, described by Max Rudolph in 1914, is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis that are generally caught from a cutaneous trauma and caused by dematiaceous fungi. This disease has been reported throughout Venezuela, but it is predominant in the states of Lara, Zulia and Falcón. OBJECTIVE: to ascertain some factors that might explain the endemic at Falcon State rural zone. METHODS: in vitro detection of Cladophialophora carrionii from the typical vegetation of this semiarid area known as "xerophilous woods of prickles" and also, active search of clinical cases among inhabitants of this area through direct testing and culture of flakes from skin lesions. It was intended to determine a hereditary susceptibility factor through the estimation of Falconer´s heritability factor and Arias´ methodology of heritable genetic disorders. RESULTS: it was possible to isolate C. carrionii from abundant xerophilous species in the area such as Prosopis juliflora and several Cactaceae. The accumulated casuistry in our state accounts for 54,4% (490/900) of all cases reported in Venezuela from 1983 to 2995. Most of the patients were infected by C. carrionii and they mentioned frequent injures by cactaceae prickles. On the basis of genealogical studies, it was proved that cases were concentrated in family groups (up to 11% higher than in the community) as well as 65% heritability factor and high frequency of blood-related marriages (25%) associated with 7% of people affected by chromomycosis. CONCLUSIONS: it was concluded that this is a rural, work and family endemic that is likely associated with a hereditary susceptibility factor.

4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 16(supl.1): 205-227, July 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-518515

ABSTRACT

Analisa o debate sobre a doença de Chagas, descoberta em 1909, em sua relação com a campanha pelo saneamento rural do Brasil (1916-1920). Argumenta que as bandeiras desse movimento estiveram diretamente referidas à definição e à legitimação dessa enfermidade como fato científico e problema social. A 'nova moléstia tropical', apresentada como emblema das endemia rurais, foi caracterizada como 'doença do Brasil', símbolo de um 'país doente'. A campanha sanitarista foi, por sua vez, elemento decisivo da polêmica em torno da doença de 1919 a 1923. Trata-se, portanto, de um caso exemplar de como as teorias da medicina tropical europeia foram utilizadas pelos cientistas brasileiros para produzir conhecimentos originais nesse campo, a partir de sentidos específicos ao contexto nacional do período.


The article explores the relation between the debate on Chagas' disease, discovered in 1909, and Brazil's 1916-1920 rural sanitation campaign. It argues that the political planks of the sanitary movement were intimately bound up with the definition and legitimization of this illness as a scientific fact and social issue. Presented as emblematic of rural endemic disease, this 'new tropical ailment' was characterized as 'the disease of Brazil', symbol of a 'sickly country'. The sanitary campaign was in turn a decisive element of the 1919-1923 polemic surrounding the disease. This is an exemplary case of how Brazilian scientists used theories from European tropical medicine to produce original knowledge in the field, basing themselves on meanings specific to the national context of their day.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Humans , Chagas Disease/history , Dissent and Disputes/history , Endemic Diseases/history , Sanitation/history , Brazil/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Health Promotion/history , Rural Health/history , Tropical Medicine/history
5.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 16(supl.1): 313-331, July 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-518519

ABSTRACT

Analisa o programa de saúde do candidato à Presidência da República Juscelino Kubitschek e seu diálogo com interpretações que identificavam o Brasil como 'país doente' a ser recuperado pela medicina. Os contextos nacional e internacional são marcados pela ideia de desenvolvimento e pelo otimismo sanitário do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aborda o modo como Kubitschek elaborou, no contexto de seu projeto de desenvolvimento, os temas da centralidade das endemias rurais e do abandono do trabalhador rural, caros ao movimento sanitarista da década de 1910, e indica a articulação de saúde e desenvolvimento nesse programa setorial, bem como a introdução de agendas sanitárias emergentes.


Analyzes the public health program that Juscelino Kubitschek presented while running for president and its dialogue with interpretations that identified Brazil as an ailing country that should be recovered through public medicine. The proposals and goals contained in Kubitschek's healthcare program, as released during his 1955 campaign, serve as the main sources for this analysis. They also were key to establishing this dialogue, which was both prompted and shaped by a national and international context characterized by the post-war idea of development and public health optimism. Within the context of his development project, the article looks at how Kubitschek elaborated the themes of the centrality of rural endemic disease and the abandonment of the rural worker, both dear to the sanitary movement in the 1910s. It also underscores how Kubitschek the candidate endeavored to link health and development within this arena of government policy.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Humans , Federal Government/history , National Health Programs/history , Public Health/history , Brazil , Endemic Diseases/history , Health Policy/history , Rural Health/history
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